abstract: This study describes how the concept of “community” is framed in traditional public and charter high school guiding statements and interviews with school leaders. Guiding statements from public high schools in Arizona were analyzed and interviews were conducted with principals from traditional public schools and charter school principals. The findings suggested similarities between traditional public high schools and charter high schools in their framing of the concept of community, suggesting that schools are loosely coupled to state and federal education departments in particular, and to varying degrees at the district level: The guiding statements and high school leaders generally distinguished between the “school as community” frame inside the school and the “the local community” frame focused on the community outside of the school. Both traditional public high schools and charter schools emphasized the importance of both frames and their connections with “the local community.” Differences between traditional public schools and charter schools were observed, as schools appeared to attempt to legitimize themselves in different ways to the communities they are located in. Despite open enrollment policies leading to inter-district enrollment, traditional public schools have a mandate to primarily serve students from a specific area and were framed in the guiding statements and by school leaders as being part of and serving a geographically defined community that they have close ties to, the “school as a member of community” frame. Charter schools, on the other hand, focused on creating and serving a specific educational community characterized by shared interests, ideals, and expectations (‘school as community”) and contributing to the community that the school is located in (“school as a contributor to community”). / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Policy and Evaluation 2018

This diploma thesis deals with the design of an autonomous universal machine for removing a loose dirt on headlamp assembly lines according to customer requirements and standards for safety and ergonomics. The thesis also includes a draft flowchart for machine control logic, a pneumatic mechanism diagram and a drawing documentation of the assembly and selected subassemblies.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärare resonerar kring den fysiska lärandemiljön inomhus och hur delaktiga barnen är i utformningen av den. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vi har genomfört intervjuer med fem förskollärare på tre olika förskolor. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats utifrån teorierna om loose parts och affordances. Resultatet i undersökningen visar att förskollärarna anser att den fysiska lärandemiljön är viktig och att den diskuteras ofta i arbetslaget. Förskollärarna säger vidare att de ofta ändrar om i miljön men hur mycket barnen görs delaktiga i processen varierar. Hur tillgängligt materialet kan vara för barnen lyfts men delar också förskollärarnas svar åt. Men alla ser problematiken i att ha en fysisk lärandemiljö där precis allt är tillgängligt för alla. En slutsats som vi kunnat dra utifrån resultatet är att förskollärarna förstår att den fysiska lärandemiljön är viktig för barns utveckling och lärande men att de ser olika hinder för att kunna skapa den fysiska lärandemiljö som de önskar.

Det ökade behovet av distansarbete utmanar tidigare organisatoriska förutsättningar. Detta påverkar ansvariga chefers orientering i att utvärdera och följa upp anställda. Uppsatsen ämnar att undersöka huruvida chefers användning av utvärdering och uppföljning förändrats i samband med ökat distansarbete. Undersökningen ska förhoppningsvis kunna bidra till en ökad förståelse för huruvida chefer i framtiden kan använda sig av utvärdering och uppföljning då de anställda inte befinner sig på en fysisk gemensam plats. Utgångspunkten för undersökningen är att kombinera tidigare teorier gällande informationsteknologi med en utvecklad utformning av utvärdering och uppföljning genom Tight- och Loose Control. Fördjupad kunskap samlades genom intervjuer av fem chefer från olika företag och avdelningar. Resultatet visar på en ökad frekvenstäthet och detaljnivå av kortsiktiga mål samt en ökad flerdimensionell utvärdering och uppföljning vilket indikerar på en utvecklad teoretisk kombination av Tight- och Loose Control i samband med ökat distansarbete.

Stockholm is a city of bridges. But we rarely pay attention to what happens below them. Many of these spaces are centrally located in the city, yet perceived as peripheral due to their uncertain programmatic status and rough physical appearance, also referred to as loose space. Some are integrated in the urban fabric; others are more inaccessible and thus become forgotten spots detached from the rapid development of the rest of the city. The space below the bridges of Skanstull is an example of the latter. After many years of being in the shadow of the city, giving space for outdoor parties, graffiti painters and more recently urban farming, it is now being under pressure of a large scale redevelopment project. But do these spaces carry meaning that is neglected in the common notion of public space? How can we as planners use our tools in order to encourage the existence of a larger diversity of forms, spaces and uses?

This study aims to examine how the shift from analog to remote work, as a result of digitalization, has affected performance monitoring in organizations and impacted management control systems. Earlier studies within the subject show that a shift results in a reduction in performance monitoring or that classical performance monitoring are replaced with electronic performance monitoring (EPM). In order to examine how performance monitoring changes as a result of the shift and if management control has gotten tighter or looser, this thesis has been based on four semi-structured interviews that were held with managers from three different Swedish organizations. The shift to remote work shows tendencies of a loosening of control in the organizations and to compensate for the loss, managers have implemented different Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM) systems. The most common EPM systems implemented were video meetings, but other EPM systems were also implemented such as online monitoring. But managers still experience an overall loosening of control as a result of the shift to remote work. Trust seems to be a factor that becomes more important as a result of the shift and seems to have a mitigating effect on the degree of EPM systems the managers choose to implement.

Den här uppsatsen har sin utgångspunkt i en arbetsgrupp, inom äldrevården, vilken har en förhållandevis jämn fördelning mellan antalet män och kvinnor. Hypotesen är att en organisation, med en sådan arbetsgrupp, i större utsträckning inhyser konflikter mellan arbetsplatsens jämställdhet och vårdtagarnas valfrihet att tacka ja eller nej till hjälp beroende på om den tilltänkta utföraren är man eller kvinna. Platsen har alltså valts strategiskt för att utröna om hypotesen kan bekräftas. Uppsatsen behandlar hur organisationen, formellt och informellt, samordnar dessa normer och utgår ifrån att det finns en inneboende intressekonflikt i relationen dem emellan. Det empiriska materialet har hämtats in med hjälp av samtalsintervjuer. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att tydliggöra ansvarsfördelningen för hur de olika normerna avvägs mot varandra men också att utröna vilka efterverkningar avvägningarna får i det praktiska arbetet och rekryteringen. Som titeln implicerar använde sig organisationen av en undvikande logik i avvägningen. Istället för att synliggöra konflikten tonade man ner den genom att bara ta till sig jämställdhetskonceptet på ett terminologiskt plan och på så sätt löskoppla det från de interna aktiviteterna. Genom detta pragmatiska förhållningssätt kunde arbetet fortlöpa som tidigare utan att den inbyggda intressekonflikten gjorde avkall på effektiviteten. / This essay has its outset in a work team within the elderly care. The work team is relatively equally composed regarding the number of men and women. The hypothesis is that an organization, with a work team of that composition, will even more so contain conflicts between the work place' equality and the caretakers freedom of choice to accept or decline help depending on if the prospective personnel is male or female. The scene of the study has thereby been chosen strategically in order to prove the hypothesis. The essay is addressing how the organization, formally and informally, coordinates these norms and assumes that there is an immanent conflict of interest in the relation between them. The empirical data has been obtained through research interviews. The intention of the essay has been to clarify the division of responsibilities regarding how the norms should be balanced in relation to one another but also to determine which impacts the balancing will provide in the hands-on work and the recruitment of new staff. As the title implicate; did the organization use an avoidant approach in the balancing process. Rather than making the conflict visible, it was de-emphasized by absorbing the concept of equality only on a semantic level, thereby loose coupling the concept from the internal activities. Through such pragmatic disposition the activities could proceed as before without a conflict of interests intervening on the efficiency of the organization.

[pt] O campo de pesquisa que busca entender a relação entre cultura e as preferências ao risco e tempo tem se desenvolvido nos últimos dez anos. No entanto, o número de trabalhos que utilizam uma amostra significativa de países, tornando possível a comparação através das nações, ainda é pequeno. Ademais, os trabalhos existentes utilizam o mesmo construto de cultura, o de Hofstede (2001). Sendo assim, este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar, através de uma análise cross-country de 24 nações, se o construto de cultura de Gelfand et al (2001) se relaciona com as preferências ao risco e tempo. Além disso, foram investigadas as relações entre cultura, risco e paciência com indicadores econômicos, demográficos e de saúde. Para atingir a finalidade proposta foram utilizados os dados sobre risco e paciência de Falk et al (2018), o construto de culturas rígidas e tolerantes proposto por Gelfand et al (2011) e indicadores coletados nos sites do World Bank e Transparency International. Após a análise dos resultados não foi encontrada relação entre o construto de cultura de Gelfand com os índices de risco e paciência. No entanto, foram detectadas associações entre o tipo de cultura, rígida ou tolerante, com taxa de mortalidade geral, taxa de mortalidade infantil e índice de gravidez na adolescência. Ao examinar a paciência observa-se que este índice se associa com o PIB per capita, conforme os resultados de Falk et al (2018) e Wang et al (2016), e com a taxa de mortalidade geral. / [en] The field of research that seeks to understand the relationship between culture and preferences for risk and time has developed over the past ten years. However, the number of studies using a significant sample of countries, making it possible to compare across nations, is still small. Furthermore, the existing works use the same culture construct, that of Hofstede (2001). Thus, this study aimed to identify, through a cross-country analysis of 24 nations, whether the culture construct of Gelfand et al (2001) is related to risk and time preferences. In addition, the relationship between culture, risk and patience with economic, demographic and health indicators were investigated. In order to achieve the goal, the data on risk and patience from Falk et al (2018), the construct of tight and loose cultures proposed by Gelfand et al (2011) and indicators collected on the World Bank and Transparency International websites were used. After analyzing the results no relationship was found between the Gelfand culture construct and patience or risk taking. However, associations were detected between the type of culture, tight or loose, with general mortality rate, infant mortality rate and teenage pregnancy rate. When examining patience, it is observed that this index is associated with GDP per capita, according to the results of Falk et al (2018) and Wang et al (2016), and with the overall mortality rate.

No description available.

The construction and property sector account for a significant portion of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions, with 21.7% of the total emissions in 2021. The sector's high construction rate poses a challenge to achieving Sweden's climate goal of net zero emissions by 2045. According to a report from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, it is unlikely that the goal will be achieved. The Norrbotnia railway is a planned 270-kilometer railway between Umeå and Luleå, considered to be an important part of the future Northern European railway system. It is expected to bring significant benefits to both the population and businesses in northern Sweden and neighboring regions by improving connections to the existing railway network. The construction of the railway is complex and requires both technical expertise and careful consideration of environmental and sustainability aspects. The Norrbotnia Railway project faces geotechnical challenges, particularly in handling extensive loose soil areas. This requires specific reinforcement measures to ensure the stability of the railway and meet settlement requirements. In large projects like this, it is crucial to carefully plan and implement ground reinforcement measures with regard to ecological, economic, and social sustainability. To enable an assessment of suitable reinforcement methods for a selected stretch along the railway, interviews have been conducted with clients, authorities, consultants, and university lecturers. Additionally, various foundation reinforcement methods have been compared in a climate calculation to evaluate their environmental impact and efficiency. The results of this study provide valuable insights into how to combine technical feasibility with sustainable solutions. / Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande del av Sveriges växthusgasutsläpp, med 21,7% av de totala utsläppen år 2021. Sektorns höga byggtakt utgör en utmaning för att nå Sveriges klimatmål om nettonollutsläpp till 2045. Enligt en rapport från Naturvårdsverket är det osannolikt att målet kommer att uppnås. Norrbotniabanan är en planerad 27 mil lång järnväg mellan Umeå och Luleå, och anses vara en viktig del av det framtida nordeuropeiska järnvägssystemet. Den förväntas medföra stora fördelar för både befolkningen och näringslivet i norra Sverige och angränsande regioner genom att förbättra kopplingarna till det befintliga järnvägsnätet. Byggandet av järnvägen är komplext och kräver både teknisk expertis och noggrann hänsyn till miljö- och hållbarhetsaspekter. Projektet Norrbotniabanan står inför geotekniska utmaningar, särskilt när det gäller hanteringen av omfattande lösmarksområden. Detta kräver specifika förstärkningsåtgärder för att säkerställa järnvägens stabilitet och uppfylla sättningskraven. Vid stora projekt som detta är det avgörande att noggrant planera, genomföra grundförstärkningsåtgärder med hänsyn till ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. För att möjliggöra en bedömning av lämpliga förstärkningsmetoder för en utvald sträcka längs järnvägen, har intervjuer utförts med beställare, myndigheter, konsulter och universitetslektorer. Dessutom har olika grundförstärkningsmetoder ställts mot varandra i en klimatkalkyl för att utvärdera deras miljöpåverkan och effektivitet. Resultaten från denna studie ger värdefulla insikter i hur man kan kombinera teknisk genomförbarhet med hållbara lösningar.