Thesis (M.P.H.M. (Primary Health Care Management))--Mahidol University, 2008. / LICL has E-Thesis 0038 ; please contact computer services.

A number of books in recent years have analysed the reasons behind R.B.Haldane's radical decision to create a home defence auxiliary designed to replace the Militia, Yeomanry and Rifle Volunteers. Rather than cover again material which has already been extensively examined, this study concentrates on the formation of the several auxiliary bodies which were intended to assist the new Territorial Force in its defence of mainland Britain. The thesis also looks at the dynamics which, in 1914, prompted the spontaneous emergence of another, unofficial auxiliary, the Volunteer Training Corps. Regarded with disdain and contempt by the War Office, the VTC, later the Volunteer Force, was used by the political authorities as a means by which the civilian population could, without excessive government expenditure, be encouraged to take an active part in the defence of its country. The Volunteer Force developed into a recognized body of part-time auxiliary soldiers which became, in time, intimately involved with the workings of the tribunal system and with the concepts of total war and universal sacrifice. In contrast to the military authorities' distrust of the Volunteers, the Government decided that political expediency demanded it partially support and eventually fund the movement. Although awarded a post-war certificate of appreciation, the Volunteers were denied any real official recognition of their patriotism and commitment. Research into Britain's auxiliary forces of the early twentieth century has largely ignored the contribution of the National Reserve, Corps of Guides, Royal Defence Corps and the Volunteer Force: their existence has occasionally been acknowledged but there has been no adequate study of the role of these bodies in the context of what some historians regard as a nation-in-arms. An examination of government documents, the papers of individuals closely involved in home defence and, in particular, the minute books of the County Territorial Associations, has revealed a sometimes bizarre and occasionally bewildering picture of Government and War Office contradictions. By unravelling the nature and complications of the political and military difficulties involved in raising and maintaining Britain's auxiliary forces, this thesis attempts to develop recent research on the character, controversies and contribution of Britain's part-time amateur soldiers.

Abstract Soldiers are at risk of incurable noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in military activities. Therefore the prevention of hearing loss is important. The large variation in individual susceptibility to NIHL is well known but the reason for this is not completely understood. The data of this current comprehensive register-based follow-up study consist of the health records, hearing measuring results and occupational history of 1 941 soldiers. The occurrence and degree of hearing losses among soldiers who served between 1965 and 2007 was investigated by comparing groups formed according to year-class and service branch. An association between cardiovascular risk factors and NIHL was also assessed. Furthermore the efficacy of the hearing conservation measures carried out by the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) and the Finnish Border Guard (FBG) was evaluated. Noise turned out to be the major risk factor of hearing impairment among the investigated soldiers. The occurrence of NIHL (hearing threshold at 3,4 or 6 kHz > 40 dB) was at least around 10 percentages lower among soldiers who started their career in 1990s than in the older year-classes 15 years after the beginning of military career. Concurrently, the decline of the average degree of hearing loss at high tones improved around 20 dB. The occurrence of NIHL was the lowest among pilots, musicians and naval soldiers, and the highest among soldiers in engineering and air defense corps. No clear difference was found between cardiovascular risk factors and NIHL with the exception of hyperglycemia. A clear temporal connection was found between the decline of the occurrence of NIHL among the soldiers and the hearing conservation measures carried out in the late 80s. A review of the four-stage hearing classification used in Finnish occupational health service since the 1970s, as well as the guidelines that rely on them, is needed. / Tiivistelmä Melu aiheuttaa sotilaille palautumattoman kuulovaurion riskin, minkä vuoksi meluvammojen ehkäisy on tärkeää. Yksilöiden meluvamma-alttiudessa tiedetään olevan suuria eroja. Syytä tähän ei vielä kovin hyvin tunneta. Tämän laajan rekisteritutkimuksen aineisto koostui 1941 sotilaan terveystarkastustiedoista, kuulontutkimustuloksista ja työhistoriatiedoista. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin meluvammojen esiintyvyyttä ja vaikeusastetta vuosina 1965−2007 palvelleilla suomalaisilla ammattisotilailla vertailemalla vuosikurssin ja aselajin mukaan valittuja ryhmiä sekä tutkittiin sotilaiden sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöiden ja meluvammojen yhteyttä. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin Suomen puolustusvoimissa ja Rajavartiolaitoksessa toteutettujen kuulonsuojelutoimenpiteiden vaikuttavuutta. Melu osoittautui olevan merkittävin kuulovian riskitekijä tutkitussa aineistossa. Viidentoista palvelusvuoden jälkeen ilmenneiden meluvammojen (kuulokynnys taajuudella 3,4 tai 6 kHz > 40 dB) määrä oli vähintään kymmenen prosenttiyksikköä pienempi sotilailla, jotka aloittivat uransa 1990-luvulla verrattuna vanhempien vuosikurssien sotilaisiin. Samanaikaisesti korkeiden äänien kuuloviat lievenivät noin 20 dB:n verran. Meluvammariski oli pienin lentäjillä, soittajilla ja laivastosotilailla ja suurin pioneereilla ja ilmatorjuntasotilailla. Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöistä ainoastaan korkea verensokeri näytti selkeästi liittyvän kohonneeseen meluvammariskiin. 1980-luvun lopulla toimeenpantujen kuulonsuojelutoimenpiteiden ja sotilaiden kuulon parantumisen välillä on nähtävissä selkeä ajallinen yhteys. Suomessa 1970-luvulta lähtien käytetyssä neliportaisessa kuuloluokituksessa ja siihen tukeutuvissa käytännöissä ilmeni puutteita, joiden vuoksi suomalaisen työterveyshuollon kuulonhuoltoa koskeva ohjeistus on aiheellista tarkistaa.

The aim of the thesis is a reflection of the phenomenom military service in the Czechoslovak People's Army in the seventies of the twenties century in the men's collective memory who fulfilled military service in these times. The research was based on a narrative analysis data which have been obtained during oral history interviews with contemporary witnesses. Then, the data were compared with written historical sources. The thesis is focused on a soldier's everyday routine in the military service. The empirical part is focused on the reflection of the military service from the view of narrators.

Currently, the high level of burnout among military psychologists resulting from contemporary military service is gaining attention. However, there is insufficient knowledge of their lived experiences of burnout. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore burnout, based on the military occupational mental health, military job demand-resources models, and biopsychosocial models. Eleven active duty and prior service military psychologists were recruited for interviews using snowball sampling. The first phase of data analysis employed NVivo software. The second and third phase used the 7-step modified version of the Van Kamm method, resulting in 7 themes and 1 discrepant case. The key findings indicated that the unique nature of military bureaucracy provided the environment that fostered burnout into a taboo milestone. Furthermore, the challenging task associated with finding meaning and balance for the ambiguous role of being a military psychologist also compounded the experiential factors contributing to burnout. Several shared experiential indications foretelling of burnout were identified. However, the reality of how military psychologist experienced burnout differed from textbook knowledge, indicating there is a theory-practice gap in personally diagnosing burnout progression. Military psychologists also indicated the theory-practice gap between the available resources for burnout and their limiting utilization practicability. The results of this study can be used to make a positive social change by better informing the development of prevention strategies benefiting not only military psychologists but potentially all military members who routinely describe themselves as burned out.

No description available.

[pt] Esta pesquisa desenvolve temas que relacionam o cristianismo e a atividade militar no cânon do Novo Testamento e nos Padres da Igreja. Para fornecer um necessário quadro contextual, é realizada uma exposição sobre a atividade militar no Império Romano, investigando a sua evolução ao longo dos séculos e apontando as principais características desse serviço. No cânon do Novo Testamento, investigase o tratamento intencional dispensado aos militares na obra lucana, sob a influência do papel que o centurião Cornélio exercerá no tema teológico do ingresso dos gentios na Igreja. A linguagem militar das cartas paulinas é abordada em seu variado emprego, utilizada em sentido metafórico, como recurso retórico militar e nas imagens que acompanham a escatologia paulina baseada na esperança veterotestamentária. Por fim, esta dissertação apresenta o surgimento da questão militar nos Padres da Igreja, com ênfase em Tertuliano e Orígenes, aprofundando as razões que os levaram a opor-se ao serviço militar. / [en] This research develops questions that relate Christianity and the military in the canon of the New Testament and in the Fathers of the Church. In order to provide a necessary contextual framework, a study was held regarding military activity in the Roman Empire, investigating its evolution over the centuries and referring the main characteristics of this service. In the canon of the New Testament, this work will provide an investigation about the intentional treatment of the military in Lucan s work due to the influence the role of the centurion Cornelius will play in the theological question of the admission of the Gentiles into the Church. The military language in Pauline letters is approached in its varied use, as a metaphorical sense, as a military rhetorical resource and in the images that accompanies the Pauline eschatology based on the Old Testament hope. Finally, this dissertation presents the emerging of the military question on the Fathers of the Church, specially on Tertullian and Origen, deepening the reasons that led them to oppose military service.

This dissertation research examines the impact of military service among an incarcerated population. It addresses the gaps identified within the prior literature by taking a closer look at the association between service experience and criminal justice outcomes. Specifically, the present study explores whether branch type, combat exposure, age of entrance, service length, and discharge status impact the number of lifetime arrests, current offense type, and institutional misconduct. This research uses data from the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics* 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. Multivariate analyses indicate that different elements of military participation influence criminal and deviant behaviors. Length of service significantly impacted the quantity of lifetime arrests, whereas age of entry, combat experience, and service length were important conditions in offense types. Inmates with military experience were found to be more likely to participate in institutional misconduct. The following service elements were predictors of prison misconduct as well: age of entry, length of service, branch affiliation, and discharge status. The findings in this study have theoretical implications for the use of criminological theory in military service research, and they provide suggestions for future military and criminal justice policy development.

<p>  </p> <p>Post-9/11 military service have been marked by a surge in large-scale combat deployments, characterized by deployments that are longer, with shorter periods of ‘dwell time’, and with a high reliance on the reserve component. Many service members and veterans (SMV) demonstrated resilience during this era by adapting successfully to these demands, meanwhile others experienced difficulty coping with stress and deployment-related exposures at some point. Limitations in existing research—including observations from single time points without the benefit of prospective data—complicates the understanding of the impact of military experience, as an early adult turning point, on well-being. The overarching goal of this study is to contribute to the literature assessing the impact of military service on depression trajectories across the transition into adulthood and into mid-life. Specific goals include informing our understanding of 1) the features of depression trajectories from adolescence to middle adulthood, i.e., from pre- to post-military life among those entering the military in young adulthood, compared to their civilian peers; 2) the importance of sociodemographic factors—including characteristics in the family of origin and indicators of social identity—in shaping depression trajectories and the extent to which their effects vary by SMV or civilian roles, and (3) the impact of pre-existing (childhood) risk and resilience factors on depression trajectories and whether their impact varies by SMV or civilian role. Results found that SMVs had lower depression symptoms prior to and at the time of enlistment, relative to civilians, before increasing later in life. Differences between civilians’ and SMVs’ depression trajectories narrowed after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, although SMVs had lower levels of depression than civilians from their 20s into their early 30s. Childhood risk and resilience factors significantly explained variance above and beyond sociodemographic factors for both SMVs and civilians across configurations (i.e., unique and cumulative models), with resilience factors in the family domain yielding particularly large effects with depression trajectories for both SMVs and civilians. Collectively these findings point to the potential for military service to function as a social determinant of health, the family domain as a key target for prevention and intervention, the continued relevance of resilience factors in the face of risk, and the need for the continued study of risk and resilience throughout the life course. </p>

In the discussion of different integration solutions in Sweden, conscription usually appears. In Sweden, the conscription was disused from the year 2010 to the year 2017. When it was reintroduced in the year 2017 the conscription returned in a different context. Despite the argumentation for the conscription as a tool to increase social integration there have been no studies in Sweden examining this nor how people with foreign background experience the conscription in Sweden. Therefore this study aims to examine how people with foreign backgrounds experience conscription in Sweden and if and how they experience it as social integrative. The aim is also to examine if conscription can be used as a tool to increase social integration. Four interviews with Swedes who have foreign backgrounds and have completed the conscription constitute the empirical material. Socialization and social integration are the theoretical frameworks in this study. The material was analyzed with the thematic analytical method. The findings of the study revealed that two of the respondents experienced suspicion connected to their background during the muster. The respondents also expressed that they had unclear expectations of what the conscription would be like since they had no people in their closest circle who had completed the Swedish conscription. This may have led to a slight disadvantage during the beginning of the conscription. But overall the respondents had no negative experience during the conscription connected to their background and only positive experiences were highlighted. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicate that conscription in Sweden can be a tool to increase social integration. This was shown by the way the conscripts were treated equally and how they were formed to value the collective the highest. This also showed through the socialization process that the respondents underwent during conscription which had clear effects after the conscription as well.