In late-eighteenth-century Dublin, options were limited for an expanding reading public who wished to consult quality printed works. During this period of the Anglican Ascendancy, membership to institutional libraries or participation in associational activities was largely limited to elites and those from the Established Church. The Dublin Library Society provided a public reference library service without restrictions of confession, connection, elections, or status—with admission based only on ability to pay the initial two-guinea charge (and one thereafter). Using hitherto neglected primary sources, particularly contemporary newspapers, this thesis will examine the origins of the Dublin Library, public reaction towards it, and its position promoting cultural patriotism and inclusivity in public library service provision in late-eighteenth-century Dublin. Also, a detailed prosopographical analysis of the library’s founding subscribers, specifically for their occupational backgrounds and associational activities, will show that the library represented a cross-section of Dublin’s reading public and help identify the social and cultural milieu in the capital. Through a combination of historical and prosopographical research on the library and its members, this study aims to contribute to both library history and the wider fields of social, cultural, and urban history of Dublin. The library was founded amidst a backdrop of Irish patriotism evidenced by the achievement of legislative independence from Britain. Dubliners expressed their patriotism through participation in clubs and societies that promoted Irish cultural, commercial, political, and social improvement and self-sufficiency. Further Enlightenment ideals of toleration and intellectual cultivation were embodied in these associations. By the end of this examination, the Dublin Library Society will be regarded not only as significant in the expansion of Dublin’s literary public sphere, but also a noteworthy location of the Irish Enlightenment in the capital.

abstract: Traumas are moments which disrupt a way of being, often involving death or injury and a period of recovery for its survivors. They can be personal, experienced by an individual, or collective, experienced by a group of individuals, such as a family. Others, like the bombing of Hiroshima, impact much larger communities, such as an entire town, an entire nation, or even the world. These national traumas often include large-scale death or injury and impact the lives of thousands. In addition to their immediate physical and material affects (mortalities, economic impact, creating a need for aid), these events shatter not only an individual's sense of well- being, but also larger notions of national identity, stability and security. In many cases, they also reveal the limits of prevailing concepts of national cohesiveness, citizenship and belonging while often simultaneously upholding or reconstructing newly problematic concepts of national cohesion. Traumas are documented and grappled with through various media, including literature, poetry, art, photography, and journalism. This dissertation, "Performing Nation, Performing Trauma: Theatre and Performance after September 11th, Hurricane Katrina and the Peruvian Dirty War" examines how theatre and performance are utilized to respond to, document, memorialize and represent national traumas resulting from such historical crises as the Peruvian Dirty Wars, Hurricane Katrina, and September 11th, as well as how they resist dominant narratives that construct national traumas as such. These traumas are relived and expressed through performance perhaps precisely because the members of a nation (consciously or subconsciously) recognize that nation is also performed. This dissertation focuses on both the content of and the reception of these performances and the particular implications that performances about national traumas hold for theatre critics/scholars, performance practitioners and audience members (those immediately connected and not so obviously connected to the event). / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Theatre 2011

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / This paper presents reflections of the “A União” journal’s representations about widespread and intensified patriotic practices in the Paraíba state during the World War II (1939-1945). From the perspective of the New Cultural History, the proposal is to analyze how the Brazilian government, through the newspaper, spread nationalistic practices and disclosed patriotic actions, influencing society to build a sense of “paraibanidade” and therefore a new national ideal, which would be necessary to the state of belligerency. The approach of this research is qualitative, and the methodology used was the analysis of material presented in the papers in the established period, as well as the dialogue with theorists who deal with the issue. To construct a narrative that seeks to contribute to Brazilian historiography of Second World War only became possible by merging the theoretical studies with research in the sources. Concerns about how a patriotic education disseminated in Paraíba, essential point for the war context, and more than that, how the Paraíba population felt the consequences of this catastrophic event in their daily lives, establishing relationships of meaning and strength, make up itself as a challenge and the core for the construction of this historiographical narrative. / Este trabalho traz reflexões acerca das representações do jornal A União, órgão oficial do estado, no que se refere às práticas patrióticas disseminadas e intensificadas no estado da Paraíba, em virtude da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Dentro da perspectiva da Nova História Cultural, a proposta é analisar de que forma o governo brasileiro, através desse periódico, contribuiu para a construção de um sentimento de paraibanidade e em conseguinte, de um novo ideal nacional, que seriam tão necessários para o estado de beligerância. A abordagem desta pesquisa é qualitativa e a metodologia utilizada foi a análise de matérias apresentadas nos jornais no recorte temporal estabelecido, bem como o diálogo com teóricos que tratam da temática. Intercalando os estudos teóricos com a pesquisa nas fontes, tornou-se possível construir uma narrativa que pretende contribuir com a historiografia brasileira da Segunda Guerra Mundial. As inquietações acerca de como foi disseminada uma educação patriótica na Paraíba, essencial para o contexto da guerra, e mais do que isso, de como a população paraibana sentiu os desdobramentos desse evento catastrófico em seu cotidiano, estabelecendo relações de sentido e de resistência, se constituem como grande desafio e o cerne para a construção dessa narrativa historiográfica.

The main theme of this thesis is English war poetry. The thesis refers to two particular wars, the Crimean (1853-1856) and World War One (1914-1918), and analyzes their reflection in English poetry. By doing so, it compares the war poems from these periods and inspects the writers' messages behind them. The thesis aims to scrutinize how the depiction of war had changed through time, alongside with the reasons affected it. In terms of structure, the theoretical part describes the different contexts (historical, cultural, and literary) of the chosen poems, while the practical part features scrutiny of these works. KEY WORDS Poetry, soldier, duty, death, attitude, criticism, propaganda

This paper aims to analyze NFL's stance and approach towards racial issues since Colin Kaepernick's protest in 2016. Colin Kaepernick is an African American athlete who started to protest against racial and social injustice by kneeling before NFL games when the national anthem was played. His protests caused many controversies because many people saw his actions as disrespectful towards the military, flag, national anthem and towards the USA. NFL's stance is analyzed through a qualitative content analysis of all NFL statements, which were issued since the beginning of Kaepernick's protest until the end of 2020. The statements are analyzed by use of the critical race theory, which focuses on the topic of race, white supremacy and institutionalized and hidden racism. The results of the analysis are that NFL's stance towards racial issues changed substantially. In 2016 and 2017, the primary concern of the NFL was the form of Kaepernick's protest as it was understood as a disrespectful and un-American act. In these years, NFL was trying to have a discussion with players about the causes of the protests, however, its primary concern was the form of Kaepernick's protest. In 2018, NFL briefly introduced a set of rules, which prohibited players from taking a knee during the national anthem while being on...

The main theme of this thesis is English war poetry. The thesis refers to two particular wars, the Crimean (1853-1856) and World War One (1914-1918), and analyzes their reflection in English poetry. By doing so, it compares the war poems from these periods and inspects the writers' messages behind them. The thesis aims to scrutinize how the depiction of war had changed through time, alongside with the reasons affected it. In terms of structure, the theoretical part describes the different contexts (historical, cultural, and literary) of the chosen poems, while the practical part features scrutiny of these works. KEY WORDS Poetry, soldier, duty, death, attitude, criticism, propaganda

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Patriotic education began when the Woman’s Relief Corps was established. The earliest patriotic education was done on Memorial Day rather than on a daily basis in the schoolroom. The WRC’s plan for patriotic education went into full gear in 1893. The history of the Woman’s Relief Corps and the implementation of patriotic education is a fascinating one that shows how a conservative organization of women implemented a regimented daily routine that today shows more about the women and their beliefs than one might expect. As time passed after the Civil War, more and more Union veterans died leaving the legacy to keep the memory of the War alive to the WRC. Patriotic education provided a perfect avenue to keep that memory alive as well as to inculcate the students with patriotism and how to be good citizens. As patriotic education evolved and grew, there was a pattern of changing rhetoric among educators and the WRC. This is visible when one looks at the discussions amongst the members of the WRC during and immediately after a war. Generally, during a war, the women of the WRC would step back into a supportive role of American military and then immediately after a war would take advantage of the patriotic fervor to further expand patriotic education.

This study examines the moral regulation of the Swedish-speaking Martha Organization in Finland during the 1930’s, from two aspects; the construction of the ideal female citizen and the mobilization of minority nationalistic identity. The ideal female citizen was supposed to develop traits such as work ethics, piety, compassion, motherly care and peacefulness. The ideal female citizen should also encourage temperance, thus the sobriety of men was viewed as a womanly responsibility. Due to mothers’ decisive impact on the moral health of the youth, the Martha Organization aimed at shaping the attitudes of the members. Women’s roles as mothers and housewives prepared them for citizenship, since women had the same duties in society as they had in the household. During the 1930’s Finland was marked by the pragmatic gender order of the agrarian society, even though the modern gender order of industrial society gradually grew in importance. The Martha Organization aimed at mobilizing minority nationalistic identity, as well as encouraging binational Finnish patriotism amongst its members. This survey analyses the mobilization of the Swedish-speaking minority nationalistic identity in general, as well as the particular minority nationalistic identity of Åland. These mobilization processes took place in relation to each other, accordingly they were similar in nature. The public sphere was understood as a continuation of the private one in the Martha ideology. Consequently, the love of the home and the fatherland were important values for both these minorities. The Swedish-speaking minorities shared the love of freedom, Western rationality and mother tongue, as well as the notion of being a national elite. The minority nationalistic identity of Åland resembled that of Swedish-speaking Finland. Even so, minority nationalism on Åland was built around a self-image of being an unique ethnicity, while underlining the close cultural connections to Sweden. Apart from the years around the implementation of Åland’s autonomous status in 1922, the minority nationalistic identity of Åland has been neglected in previous research. The Finnish 1930’s were marked by conflicts between the Finnish-speaking majority and the Swedish-speaking minority, clashes that never reached Åland. The language question was practical in nature — especially on Åland, where the population hardly spoke Finnish — but even so, it was framed in ideological terms. Thanks to the Martha ideology, gaps between the Finnish-speaking members and their Swedish-speaking counterparts could be bridged, as well as those between Åland and the rest of Swedish-speaking Finland.

The main theme of this thesis is English war poetry. The thesis refers to two particular wars, the Crimean (1853-1856) and World War One (1914-1918), and analyzes their reflection in English poetry. By doing so, it compares the war poems from these periods and inspects the writers' messages behind them. The thesis aims to scrutinize how the depiction of war had changed through time, alongside with the reasons affected it. In terms of structure, the theoretical part describes the different contexts (historical, cultural, and literary) of the chosen poems, while the practical part features scrutiny of these works. KEY WORDS Poetry, soldier, duty, death, attitude, criticism, propaganda

The Vietnam War brought many changes to society in that it soon became one of the most controversial wars in United States history. There was a tremendous loss of life as well as a rift in the nation with the rise of anti-war protest. Those drafted for the war primarily came from low-income and ethnic minority communities. While all who served deserve to be recognized, there is one group that has gone largely unrepresented in the history of the war. Mexican American serviceman served and died in large numbers when compared to their population. In addition, they also received high honors for their valor in the battlefield. Yet, the history of the war has been largely focused on the experience of the Anglo and Black soldier. This is due in part to the existing black-white paradigm of race that has existed in United States society, which places all other ethnic minority groups in the margins of major historical events. Biased Selective Service Boards contributed to the already existing race and class discrimination that existed among the elite class in society. This study utilizes interviews, oral histories, autobiographies and anthologies as its main source of information of Mexican American Vietnam War servicemen. Due to the lack of historical material in this area, most information on participation and casualty rates are estimates conducted by professors such as Ralph Guzman, from the University of Santa Cruz. Guzman took the number of Spanish surnamed casualties in the southwestern states to calculate an approximate number of total casualties. The major aim is to highlight the contribution of the Mexican American serviceman in Vietnam and to emphasize the patriotism that existed in the Mexican American community as much as it did in the Black and Anglo communities. By providing information in the area of American identity, race relations, the draft and volunteerism as well as the sacrifice of Mexican American lives at the time of the Vietnam War, this study hopes to initiate the inclusion of Mexican Americans in the general history of the war. Keywords: Mexican American, Chicano/a, Selective Service , draft boards, whiteness, New Standards Men, Project 100,000, Lyndon Johnson, League of United Latin-American Citizens (LULAC), Medal of Honor, sacrifice, patriotism.