• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 495
  • 245
  • 124
  • 63
  • 51
  • 48
  • 41
  • 27
  • 26
  • 14
  • 7
  • 7
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 1270
  • 175
  • 126
  • 120
  • 118
  • 118
  • 114
  • 108
  • 105
  • 103
  • 89
  • 79
  • 77
  • 73
  • 72
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Neural Basis of Novel and Well-Learned Recognition Memory in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Wiser, Anne K., Andreasen, Nancy C., O'Leary, Daniel S., Leonard Watkins, G., Boles Ponto, Laura L., Hichwa, Richard D. 05 April 2001 (has links)
The level of familiarity of a given stimulus plays an important role in memory processing. Indeed, the novelty/familiarity of learned material has been proven to affect the pattern of activations during recognition memory tasks. We used visually presented words to investigate the neural basis of recognition memory for relatively novel and familiar stimuli in schizophrenia. Subjects were 34 healthy volunteers and 19 schizophrenia spectrum patients. Two experimental cognitive conditions were used: 1 week and again 1 day prior to the PET imaging subjects had to thoroughly learn a list of 18 words (well-learned memory). Subjects were also asked to learn another set of 18 words presented 1 min before the PET experiment (novel memory). During the PET session, subjects had to recognize the list of 18 words among 22 new (distractor) words. Subjects also performed a control task (reading words). A nonparametric randomization test and a statistical t-mapping method were used to determine between- and within-group differences. In patients the recognition of novel material produced relatively less flow in several frontal areas, superior temporal gyrus, insular cortex, and parahippocampal areas, and relatively higher activity in parietal areas, visual cortex, and cerebellum, compared to controls. No significant differences in flow were seen when comparing well-learned memory activations between groups. These results suggest that different neural pathways are engaged during novel recognition memory in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals. During recognition of novel material, patients failed to activate frontal/limbic regions, recruiting a set of posterior perceptual brain regions instead.
152

Motion correction of PET/CT images

Chong Chie, Juan Antonio Kim Hoo January 2017 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The advances in health care technology help physicians make more accurate diagnoses about the health conditions of their patients. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is one of the many tools currently used to diagnose health and disease in patients. PET/CT explorations are typically used to detect: cancer, heart diseases, disorders in the central nervous system. Since PET/CT studies can take up to 60 minutes or more, it is impossible for patients to remain motionless throughout the scanning process. This movements create motion-related artifacts which alter the quantitative and qualitative results produced by the scanning process. The patient's motion results in image blurring, reduction in the image signal to noise ratio, and reduced image contrast, which could lead to misdiagnoses. In the literature, software and hardware-based techniques have been studied to implement motion correction over medical files. Techniques based on the use of an external motion tracking system are preferred by researchers because they present a better accuracy. This thesis proposes a motion correction system that uses 3D affine registrations using particle swarm optimization and an off-the-shelf Microsoft Kinect camera to eliminate or reduce errors caused by the patient's motion during a medical imaging study.
153

Grading Meningioma: A Comparative Study of Thallium-SPECT and FDG-PET / 髄膜腫の悪性度の診断:タリウムSPECTとFDG-PETとの比較研究

Okuchi, Sachi 23 September 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19962号 / 医博第4152号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33058 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 伊佐 正, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
154

Comparative evaluation of respiratory-gated and ungated FDG-PET for target volume definition in radiotherapy treatment planning for pancreatic cancer / 膵癌に対する放射線治療計画での標的体積作成における呼吸同期FDG-PETと非呼吸同期FDG-PETとの比較

Kishi, Takahiro 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20222号 / 医博第4181号 / 新制||医||1019(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 鈴木 実, 教授 高田 穣, 教授 武藤 学 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
155

Inventering av nuläge och möjligheter för en hållbar och resurseffektiv återvinning av PET-flaskor i Sverige

Bäckström, Karl-Johan, Eklund, Richard January 2022 (has links)
Denna studie kartlägger vilka insamlingsmetoder för PET-flaskan som finns för avfalls- och återvinningsfasen på den svenska marknaden samt vilka verksamheter som ansvarar för dessa. Vilken omställning som görs av verksamheterna för att uppnå fossilfrihet, gällande insamlingsmetoder, energi- och drivmedelsanvändning. Tidigare forskning, djupintervjuer och enkäter ligger som grund för de resultat som presenteras. Studien tittar även på miljömässiga påverkansfaktorer men även komplexiteten gällande kommunala och rikstäckande verksamheter, hur de jobbar med hantering av PET på den svenska marknaden samt deras användning av fossila resurser och vad som görs för att minska sin miljömässiga påverkan. Insamlingsmetoderna dit PET-flaskan kan nå är restavfall, fastighetsnära insamling, återvinningsstationer och pantstationer. Verksamheternas ansvarsområde sker både rikstäckande och på kommunal nivå. Nulägesanalysen indikerar att verksamheter behöver göra ytterligare åtgärder för att bli helt fossilfria men att det sker en omställning med åtgärder för energi och transporter för att uppnå detta. Det finns insamlingsmetoder som möjliggör återvinning, men där sorteringsmetoderna kan vara avgörande för att PET ska kunna återgå till rätt materialflöde. Det går att se att verksamheterna använder förnyelsebar energi och drivmedel och att de aktivt arbetar mot att bli helt fossilfria. / This study identifies which collection methods for the PET bottle are available for the waste and recycling phase on the Swedish market and which businesses are responsible for these methods. What adjustment is being made by the operations to achieve fossil-free, current collection methods, energy, and fuel use. Previous research, in-depth interviews and questionnaires form the basis for the results presented. The study also looks at environmental impact factors but also the complexity of municipal and nationwide activities, how they work with handling PET in the Swedish market and their use of fossil resources and what is done to reduce their environmental impact. The collection methods that the PET bottle can reach are residual waste, collection close to the property, recycling stations and pawn shops. The area of ​​responsibility of the operations takes place both nationwide and at the municipal level. The current situation analysis indicates that businesses need to take additional measures to become completely fossil-free, but that there is a change with measures for energy and transport to achieve this. There are collection methods that enable recycling, but the sorting methods can be crucial for PET to be able to return to the correct material flow. You can see that the companies use renewable energy and fuel and that they are actively working towards becoming completely fossil fuel.
156

Positron emission tomography for the dose monitoring of intra-fractionally moving targets in ion beam therapy

Stützer, Kristin 04 December 2013 (has links)
Ion beam therapy (IBT) is a promising treatment option in radiotherapy. The characteristic physical and biological properties of light ion beams allow for the delivery of highly tumour conformal dose distributions. Related to the sparing of surrounding healthy tissue and nearby organs at risk, it is feasible to escalate the dose in the tumour volume to reach higher tumour control and survival rates. Remarkable clinical outcome was achieved with IBT for radio-resistant, deep-seated, static and well fixated tumour entities. Presumably, more patients could benefit from the advantages of IBT if it would be available for more frequent tumour sites. Those located in the thorax and upper abdominal region are commonly subjected to intra-fractional, respiration related motion. Different motion compensated dose delivery techniques have been developed for active field shaping with scanned pencil beams and are at least available under experimental conditions at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. High standards for quality assurance are required in IBT to ensure a safe and precise dose application. Both underdosage in the tumour and overdosage in the normal tissue might endanger the treatment success. Since minor unexpected anatomical changes e.g. related to patient mispositioning, tumour shrinkage or tissue swelling could already lead to remarkable deviations between planned and delivered dose distribution, a valuable dose monitoring system is desired for IBT. So far, positron emission tomography (PET) is the only in vivo, in situ and non-invasive qualitative dose monitoring method applied under clinical conditions. It makes use of the tissue autoactivation by nuclear fragmentation reactions occurring along the beam path. Among others, β+-emitting nuclides are generated and decay according to their half-life under the emission of a positron. The subsequent positron-electron annihilation creates two 511 keV photons which are emitted in opposite direction and can be detected as coincidence event by a dedicated PET scanner. The induced three-dimensional (3D) β+-activity distribution in the patient can be reconstructed from the measured coincidences. Conclusions about the delivered dose distribution can be drawn indirectly from a comparison between two β+-activity distributions: the measured one and an expected one generated by a Monte-Carlo simulation. This workflow has been proven to be valuable for the dose monitoring in IBT when it was applied for about 440 patients, mainly suffering from deep-seated head and neck tumours that have been treated with 12C ions at GSI. In the presence of intra-fractional target motion, the conventional 3D PET data processing will result in an inaccurate representation of the β+-activity distribution in the patient. Four-dimensional, time-resolved (4D) reconstruction algorithms adapted to the special geometry of in-beam PET scanners allow to compensate for the motion related blurring artefacts. Within this thesis, a 4D maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) reconstruction algorithm has been implemented for the double-head scanner Bastei installed at GSI. The proper functionality of the algorithm and its superior performance in terms of suppressing motion related blurring artefacts compared to an already applied co-registration approach has been demonstrated by a comparative simulation study and by dedicated measurements with moving radioactive sources and irradiated targets. Dedicated phantoms mainly made up of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a motion table for regular one-dimensional (1D) motion patterns have been designed and manufactured for the experiments. Furthermore, the general applicability of the 4D MLEM algorithm for more complex motion patterns has been demonstrated by the successful reduction of motion artefacts from a measurement with rotating (two-dimensional moving) radioactive sources. For 1D cos^2 and cos^4 motion, it has been clearly illustrated by systematic point source measurements that the motion influence can be better compensated with the same number of motion phases if amplitude-sorted instead of time-sorted phases are utilized. In any case, with an appropriate parameter selection to obtain a mean residual motion per phase of about half of the size of a PET crystal size, acceptable results have been achieved. Additionally, it has been validated that the 4D MLEM algorithm allows to reliably access the relevant parameters (particle range and lateral field position and gradients) for a dose verification in intra-fractionally moving targets even from the intrinsically low counting statistics of IBT-PET data. To evaluate the measured β+-activity distribution, it should be compared to a simulated one that is expected from the moving target irradiation. Thus, a 4D version of the simulation software is required. It has to emulate the generation of β+-emitters under consideration of the intra-fractional motion, their decay at motion state dependent coordinates and to create listmode data streams from the simulated coincidences. Such a revised and extended version that has been compiled for the special geometry of the Bastei PET scanner is presented within this thesis. The therapy control system provides information about the exact progress of the motion compensated dose delivery. This information and the intra-fractional target motion needs to be taken into account for simulating realistic β+-activity distributions. A dedicated preclinical phantom simulation study has been performed to demonstrate the correct functionality of the 4D simulation program and the necessity of the additional, motion-related input parameters. Different to the data evaluation for static targets, additional effort is required to avoid a potential misleading interpretation of the 4D measured and simulated β+-activity distribu- tions in the presence of deficient motion mitigation or data processing. It is presented that in the presence of treatment errors the results from the simulation might be in accordance to the measurement although the planned and delivered dose distribution are different. In contrast to that, deviations may occur between both distributions which are not related to anatomical changes but to deficient 4D data processing. Recommendations are given in this thesis to optimize the 4D IBT-PET workflow and to prevent the observer from a mis-interpretation of the dose monitoring data. In summary, the thesis contributes on a large scale to a potential future application of the IBT-PET monitoring for intra-fractionally moving target volumes by providing the required reconstruction and simulation algorithms. Systematic examinations with more realistic, multi-directional and irregular motion patterns are required for further improvements. For a final rating of the expectable benefit from a 4D IBT-PET dose monitoring, future investigations should include real treatment plans, breathing curves and 4D patient CT images.:1 Motivation 1.1 Potential and obstacles of ion beam therapy 1.2 Objectives of the thesis 2 Ion beam therapy and moving targets 2.1 Physical and biological properties of ion beams 2.1.1 Dose deposition 2.1.2 Biological effectivity 2.2 Technical aspects of ion beam delivery 2.2.1 Active and passive beam delivery technique 2.2.2 Beam monitoring for pencil beam scanning 2.2.3 Considerations in treatment planning related to patient CT image 2.3 Organ motion in ion beam therapy 2.3.1 Types of organ motion 2.3.2 Detection of intra-fractional motion 2.3.3 Motion compensated ion beam therapy 2.4 Dose monitoring by means of positron emission tomography 2.4.1 Principle of PET imaging in ion beam therapy 2.4.2 In-beam PET at GSI 3 Reconstruction of in-beam PET data taken from moving targets 3.1 Reconstruction algorithm 3.1.1 3D MLEM reconstruction applied at GSI 3.1.2 4D in-beam PET reconstruction methods 3.1.3 Comparison of gated co-registration and 4D MLEM 3.2 Experiments with moving radioactive sources 3.2.1 Rotation of radioactive sources 3.2.2 One-dimensional point source motion 3.3 In-beam PET measurements with moving targets 3.3.1 Verification of lateral field position and gradients 3.3.2 Verification of particle range 3.4 Summary and discussion 4 Simulation of phase-sorted in-beam PET data for moving targets 4.1 Upgrading the IBT-PET simulation from 3D to 4D 4.1.1 General and motion-related simulation demands 4.1.2 Input parameters for the 4D simulation program 4.1.3 Workflow of the 4D simulation program 4.2 Verification of the 4D simulation code by means of a preclinical phantom study 4.2.1 Experiment design 4.2.2 4D in-beam PET data simulation 4.2.3 Comparison with 3D simulation 4.3 Summary and discussion 5 Interpretation of 4D IBT-PET data with respect to deficient motion mitigation or data processing 5.1 Detectability of failed motion mitigation 5.1.1 Failure in gated beam delivery 5.1.2 Failure in lateral target tracking 5.2 Deficient correlation between motion and PET data 5.3 Recommendations for the 4D IBT-PET workflow 6 Summary and outlook 7 Appendix A Transformation matrices A.1 Composition of transformation matrices A.2 Storage of transformation matrices A.3 Transformation matrices for rotation B Noise reduction in analogue signals by FFT-based filtering C Motion tables and corresponding motion patterns C.1 Rotational motion C.2 Motion table with stepping motor for precise 1D motion patterns C.3 Motion table enabling relative target movement D Synchronisation of PET, motion and beam monitoring data E Sorting PET data by time or amplitude and calculating corresponding mean offsets Bibliography / Die Ionenstrahltherapie (englisch: ion beam therapy, IBT) ist eine vielversprechende Behandlungsoption im Bereich der Strahlentherapie. Die charakteristischen physikalischen und biologischen Eigenschaften der Ionenstrahlen werden genutzt, um tumorkonformale Dosisverteilungen zu erzeugen. Die verbesserte Schonung des an den Tumor angrenzenden Normalgewebes und eventuell naheliegender Risikoorgane ermöglicht eine Dosissteigerung im Zielgebiet und somit potentiell höhere Tumorkontroll- und Überlebensraten. Für tiefliegende, gegenüber konventioneller Strahlung resistente, statische und gut fixierte Tumore wurden bereits beachtliche klinische Resultate erzielt. Wahrscheinlich könnten noch mehr Patienten von den Vorteilen der IBT profitieren, wenn diese auch für häufiger auftretende und intrafraktionell bewegliche Tumore uneingeschränkt nutzbar wäre. Verschiedene bewegungskompensierte Bestrahlungsmethoden wurden entwickelt und stehen zumindest unter experimentellen Bedingungen für weitere Untersuchungen am GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt zur Verfügung. Um eine sichere und präzise Dosisapplikation in der IBT zu ermöglichen, werden hohe Anforderungen an die Qualitätssicherung gesetzt. Sowohl auftretende Überdosierungen im Normalgewebe als auch Unterdosierungen im Tumor können den Therapieerfolg gefährden. Da bereits kleine, unerwartete anatomische Veränderungen, zum Beispiel durch Fehlpositionierung des Patienten, Schrumpfung des Tumors oder Schwellungen, zu erheblichen Abweichungen zwischen geplanter und applizierter Dosisverteilung führen können, gibt es Bestrebungen, die applizierte Dosis zumindest qualitativ zu verifizieren. Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) ist derzeit die einzige, bereits klinisch erprobte Methode für ein in vivo, in situ und nicht-invasives qualitatives Dosismonitoring. Diese Methode ist im Stande, die Autoaktivierung des bestrahlten Gewebes zu erfassen, welche aufgrund von Kernfragmentierungsprozessen entlang des Strahlweges erzeugt wird. Unter anderem werden in diesen Reaktionen instabile Nuklide erzeugt, die entsprechend ihrer Halbwertszeit unter Emission eines Positrons zerfallen. Bei der anschließenden Positron-Elektron-Annihilation werden zwei 511keV Photonen in entgegengesetzter Richtung emittiert und können mittels eines geeigneten PET-Scanners als Koinzidenzereignis detektiert werden. Die im Patienten induzierte dreidimensionale (3D) β+-Aktivitätsverteilung kann aus den gemessenen Koinzidenzen rekonstruiert werden. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen mit einer erwarteten, mittels Monte-Carlo Simulation erzeugten β+-Aktivitätsverteilung erlaubt es, Schlussfolgerungen über die tatsächlich im Patienten deponierte 3D Dosisverteilung zu ziehen. Diese Art der Datenauswertung wurde erfolgreich für die qualitative Dosisverifikation von über 440 Patienten eingesetzt, deren Tumore (vorwiegend im Kopf- und Halsbereich) an der GSI mit 12C-Ionen bestrahlt wurden. Bei der konventionellen 3D IBT-PET-Datenverarbeitung wird eine mögliche intrafraktionelle Bewegung des Zielgebietes nicht berücksichtigt und fehlerhaft rekonstruierte β+-Aktivitätsverteilungen sind die Folge. Daher werden vierdimensionale, zeitaufgelöste (4D) Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen benötigt, die für die spezielle Geometrie eines in-beam PET-Scanner adaptiert wurden und eine Kompensation der bewegungsinduzierten Artefakte ermöglichen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde für den an der GSI installierten Doppelkopf-PET-Scanner Bastei ein 4D Maximum-Likelihood-Expectation-Maximization (MLEM) Algorithmus implementiert. Die Funktionsfähigkeit des Algorithmus sowie dessen verbesserte Reduktion von Bewegungsartefakten im Vergleich zu einem bereits vorhandenen Koregistrierungsansatz wurde anhand verschiedener Messungen mit bewegten radioaktiven Quellen und bestrahlten Phantomen sowie einer vergleichenden Simulationsstudie dargelegt. Für die Experimente wurden entsprechende Phantomgeometrien (zumeist aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)) sowie ein Bewegungstisch für reguläre eindimensionale (1D) Bewegungsmuster entworfen und gefertigt. Zudem wurde durch die erfolgreiche, quasi-statische und nahezu artefaktfreie Rekonstruktion einer rotierenden und sich damit zweidimensional bewegenden Aktivitätsverteilung die prinzipielle Anwendbarkeit des 4D MLEM Algorithmus für komplexere Bewegungsmuster gezeigt. Systematische Punktquellenmessungen mit 1D cos^2- und cos^4-förmigen Bewegungsmustern haben deutlich gemacht, dass der Bewegungseinfluss mit der gleichen Anzahl an Bewegungsphasen besser kompensiert werden kann, wenn die Bewegungsphasen entsprechend der Bewegungsamplitude anstelle der -phase unterteilt sind. In jedem Fall können aber zufriedenstellende Rekonstruktionsergebnisse erzielt werden, wenn durch geeignete Parameterwahl eine mittlere Restbewegung pro Bewegungsphase von maximal etwa der halben Größe eines Detektorkristalls eingestellt wird. Durch weitere Experimente konnte gezeigt werden, dass nach der Rekonstruktion mit dem 4D MLEM Algorithmus die relevanten Parameter für die qualitative Dosisverifikation (Teilchenreichweite, laterale Feldposition und -gradienten) zuverlässig erfasst werden können. Dies ist auch dann der Fall, wenn nur eine verminderte Anzahl an Koinzidenzereignissen, so wie sie unter klinischen Bedingungen zu erwarten ist, für die Auswertung verwendet wird. Um die gemessene β+-Aktivitätsverteilung besser zu beurteilen, sollte sie mit einer simulierten, für die bewegungskompensierte Bestrahlung erwarteten Verteilung verglichen werden und es bedarf deshalb einer 4D Version der Simulationssoftware. Diese muss die Erzeugung sowie den Zerfall der Positronenemitter unter Berücksichtigung der intrafraktionellen Bewegung simulieren und aus den gültigen Koinzidenzereignissen Listmode-Datensätze erstellen. Eine derart überarbeitet Version des Simulationsprogramms wurde für den Bastei PET-Scanner erstellt und wird in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. Informationen über den exakten Verlauf der bewegungskompensierten Bestrahlung werden durch das Therapiekontrollsystem geliefert. Diese Informationen sowie die intrafraktionelle Bewegung werden in die Simulation realistischer β+-Aktivitätsverteilungen bzw. der zugehörigen Listmode-Datensätze einbezogen. Anhand einer präklinischen Phantom-Simulationsstudie wurde die korrekte Funktionsweise des Simulationsprogramms sowie die Notwendigkeit der zusätzlichen Parameter gezeigt. Im Gegensatz zur Datenauswertung für statische Zielvolumina bedarf es bei intrafraktioneller Bewegung gegebenenfalls zusätzlichen Aufwand, um eine Fehlinterpretation aus dem Vergleich der gemessenen und simulierten β+-Aktivitätsverteilung zu vermeiden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird beispielhaft gezeigt, dass sich bei fehlerhafter Bewegungskompensation die gemessene und simulierte β+-Aktivitätsverteilung einander ähneln können, obwohl die applizierte Dosisverteilung deutlich von der geplanten abweicht. Im Gegensatz dazu können auch Abweichungen zwischen Messung und Simulation auftreten, die nicht auf anatomische Veränderungen, sondern auf eine ungenaue 4D Datenverarbeitung zurückzuführen sind. Es werden Vorschläge unterbreitet, um den Prozess der 4D IBT-PET Datenauswertung zu optimieren und somit Fehlinterpretationen zu vermeiden. Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift enthält durch die Bereitstellung der benötigten 4D Rekonstruktions- und Simulationsprogramme grundlegende Arbeiten für eine mögliche zukünftige Anwendung der 4D IBT-PET als qualitatives Dosismonitoring bei intrafraktionell bewegten Zielvolumina. Für weitere Verbesserungen des Verfahrens sind zusätzliche systematische Betrachtungen mit realistischeren, mehrdimensionalen und unregelmäßigen Bewegungsmustern notwendig. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten außerdem echte Bestrahlungspläne, Atemkurven sowie 4D Patienten-CT-Daten einschließen, um den erwartbaren Nutzen eines 4D IBT-PET Dosismonitorings besser abschätzen zu können.:1 Motivation 1.1 Potential and obstacles of ion beam therapy 1.2 Objectives of the thesis 2 Ion beam therapy and moving targets 2.1 Physical and biological properties of ion beams 2.1.1 Dose deposition 2.1.2 Biological effectivity 2.2 Technical aspects of ion beam delivery 2.2.1 Active and passive beam delivery technique 2.2.2 Beam monitoring for pencil beam scanning 2.2.3 Considerations in treatment planning related to patient CT image 2.3 Organ motion in ion beam therapy 2.3.1 Types of organ motion 2.3.2 Detection of intra-fractional motion 2.3.3 Motion compensated ion beam therapy 2.4 Dose monitoring by means of positron emission tomography 2.4.1 Principle of PET imaging in ion beam therapy 2.4.2 In-beam PET at GSI 3 Reconstruction of in-beam PET data taken from moving targets 3.1 Reconstruction algorithm 3.1.1 3D MLEM reconstruction applied at GSI 3.1.2 4D in-beam PET reconstruction methods 3.1.3 Comparison of gated co-registration and 4D MLEM 3.2 Experiments with moving radioactive sources 3.2.1 Rotation of radioactive sources 3.2.2 One-dimensional point source motion 3.3 In-beam PET measurements with moving targets 3.3.1 Verification of lateral field position and gradients 3.3.2 Verification of particle range 3.4 Summary and discussion 4 Simulation of phase-sorted in-beam PET data for moving targets 4.1 Upgrading the IBT-PET simulation from 3D to 4D 4.1.1 General and motion-related simulation demands 4.1.2 Input parameters for the 4D simulation program 4.1.3 Workflow of the 4D simulation program 4.2 Verification of the 4D simulation code by means of a preclinical phantom study 4.2.1 Experiment design 4.2.2 4D in-beam PET data simulation 4.2.3 Comparison with 3D simulation 4.3 Summary and discussion 5 Interpretation of 4D IBT-PET data with respect to deficient motion mitigation or data processing 5.1 Detectability of failed motion mitigation 5.1.1 Failure in gated beam delivery 5.1.2 Failure in lateral target tracking 5.2 Deficient correlation between motion and PET data 5.3 Recommendations for the 4D IBT-PET workflow 6 Summary and outlook 7 Appendix A Transformation matrices A.1 Composition of transformation matrices A.2 Storage of transformation matrices A.3 Transformation matrices for rotation B Noise reduction in analogue signals by FFT-based filtering C Motion tables and corresponding motion patterns C.1 Rotational motion C.2 Motion table with stepping motor for precise 1D motion patterns C.3 Motion table enabling relative target movement D Synchronisation of PET, motion and beam monitoring data E Sorting PET data by time or amplitude and calculating corresponding mean offsets Bibliography
157

Exploring how pet attachment and existential connectedness influence loneliness

Harper, Ashley K. 01 January 2008 (has links)
This study investigates how existential connectedness and pet attachment influence loneliness in pet owners. Existential connectedness is a relatively new concept that further explains the relationship between loneliness and pet attachment. Participants completed the Existential Isolation Questionnaire, the Lexington Attachment to Pet Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale in order to explore whether higher attachment to a pet is related to decreased loneliness among pet owners with low existential connectedness. Participants with low existential connectedness and high pet attachment to a personal pet of their own had significantly lower loneliness scores than those participants with low existential connectedness and low pet attachment. The participants with high existential connectedness had lower levels of loneliness overall and showed no difference in loneliness scores between low and high pet attachment. This study advances the understanding of the complicated relationship between pet ownership and loneliness in pet owners.
158

ROBUST EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR ESTIMATING MYOCARDIAL BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR CONCENTRATION USING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

Salinas, Cristian Andres 03 April 2006 (has links)
No description available.
159

Improving Oxygen Barrier Property of Biaxial Oriented PET/Phosphate Glass Composite Films

Lin, Yifeng 02 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
160

The Role of End Groups in Thermal Stability of PET

Bai, Heping 24 September 2012 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0341 seconds