Este trabalho tem por objetivo defender a viabilidade de uma Semiologia da Tradução a partir dos princípios semiológicos reservados à língua pelo renomado linguista Émile Benveniste. Para tanto, o fenômeno tradutório não é considerado senão pela relação entre línguas que o tradutor estabelece no exercício de seu ofício, sobre a qual a Semiologia da Língua e, por conseguinte, a própria Enunciação, frutos da reflexão benvenistiana acerca da linguagem, dão testemunho. A primeira o faz através do princípio de unidades significantes atestado nos modos de significação da língua, a saber, o semiótico e o semântico, cuja significância cede à língua o status de interpretante da sociedade; a segunda, através das propriedades semânticas que fazem evidenciar as diferenças linguísticas na produção de discurso como manifestação da enunciação. Assim, a hipótese de uma Semiologia da Tradução é sustentada, no primeiro capítulo, pela comprovação de que o fenômeno tradutório é atravessado pela língua de maneira a tomar-lhe emprestado o funcionamento significante que rege suas leis e, no segundo capítulo, pela descrição dos domínios semiótico e semântico que possibilita pensar para a tradução um modo específico de significação, descrito, em pormenores, no terceiro e último capítulo. Com o intuito de produzir um discurso sobre a tese benvenistiana de que o semântico é a possibilidade da tradução, enquanto o semiótico é a impossibilidade, o original e a tradução são tomados como duas línguas-discurso que configuram um sistema cujo mecanismo de significância protagoniza uma relação de interpretância, onde a língua-discurso-alvo é o interpretante da língua-discurso-fonte, fazendo emergirem das diferenças que o tradutor estabelece entre uma e outra as unidades de tradução – uma noção teórica de unidade de significação muito particular pela qual se acredita poder descrever as leis que regem todo sistema tradutório. / This study aims to prove the viability of a Semiology of Translation regarding the semiotic principles reserved to the Language by the well-known linguist Émile Benveniste. The phenomenon of translation is considered as the relationship between languages established by the translator during the translation process, which is attested by the Semiology of Language and, therefore, the Enunciation itself – both as a result of Benveniste’s reflection on language. The first one attests it through the unit of signification principle verified in the two modes of meaning combined in language – the semiotic and semantic modes – whose significance makes the language the interpreting system of society. The second one attests it through the semantic properties that clarify the linguistic differences in the production of speech as a manifestation of the enunciation. Thus, the hypothesis of a Semiology of Translation is sustained in the first chapter by proving that the phenomenon of translation is crossed by the Language so as to copy both its significant mechanism and laws; and in the second chapter by describing both semiotic and semantic modes in order to enable the development of a specific mode of meaning for the phenomenon of translation, which is finally portrayed in detail in the third and final chapter. In order to draw a conclusion about Benveniste’s idea of the semantic mode as the possibility of translation and the semiotic mode as its impossibility, the original and the translation are both taken by the concept of language-speech that sets a translation system whose significant mechanism portrays a interpreting relationship where the target language-speech is the interpreter of the source language-speech, making emerge from the differences that the translator establishes between one and another a theoretical notion of the translation unit which it is believed to describe the laws governing all translation systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6669_1.pdf: 1298139 bytes, checksum: 82c0aa9def52f663c245e3f57be952ef (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is responsible for supplying reliable data transport service on the TCP/IP stack and for carrying most than 90% of all Internet traffic. In addition, the stability and efficiency of the actual TCP congestion control mechanisms have been extensively studied and are indeed well known by the networking community. However, new Internet applications and functionalities continuously modify its traffic characteristics, demanding new research in order to adapt TCP to the new reality of the Internet. In particular, a traffic phenomenon known as "mice and elephants" has been motivating important researches around the TCP. The main point is that the standard TCP congestion control mechanisms were designed for elephants leading small flows to experience poor performance. This is caused by the exponential behavior of Slow Start which often causes multiple packet losses due their aggressive increase. This work examines minutely the problems caused by the standard TCP congestion control to mice flows as well as it studies the most important proposals to solve them. Thus, based on such research studies, a modified TCP startup mechanism was proposed. The Burst TCP (B-TCP) is an intuitive TCP modification that employs a responsive congestion window growth scheme based on the current window size, to improve performance for small flows. Moreover, B-TCP is easy to implement and requires TCP adjustment at the sender side only. Simulation experiments show that B-TCP can significantly reduce both transfer times and packet losses for small flows without causing damage to large flows

Esta dissertação aborda o tema do Florianismo, isto é o fenômeno político-militar brasileiro que girou em torno da figura do Marechal Floriano Peixoto. Este fenômeno durou de 1891 a 1897, e abarcou o governo presidencial de Floriano (1891-1894) e a ação política contemporânea e posterior de seus seguidores. Nosso objetivo é analisar o papel do Florianismo na implantação da ordem republicana que vigorou até 1930, ordem dominada pelos republicanos paulistas e seus aliados. / The present dissertation tackles the subject of Florianism, the brazilian political-military phenomenom which grew around the figure of Marshall Floriano Peixoto. This phenomenon took place between 1891 and 1897, and comprised Floriano’s presidential government (1891-1894) as well as the contemporary and subsequent political action of his followers. Our objective is to analyse the role of Florianism in the establishment of the republican order which lasted until 1930, an order ruled by São Paulo’s republicans and their allies.

Orientador: Tania Maria Alkmim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T21:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tomanin_CassiaRegina_M.pdf: 505569 bytes, checksum: 07a4b3053b698ae7cdc2e687b2e1ae57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a descrição da fala de Alto Araguaia, pequeno município do interior mato-grossense situado na divisa com o Estado de Goiás. Tal município tem recebido, desde sua fundação até os dias atuais, migrantes das mais diversas regiões do país. A constituição heterogênea da população araguaiense provoca na comunidade o surgimento de uma variedade lingüística que apresenta traços fonéticos e gramaticais de várias regiões do país. Um outro ponto objetivado aqui é a comparação dos fenômenos registrados na fala de Alto Araguaia com os que ocorrem em outras localidades brasileiras, com o intuito de que seja observada a semelhança/diferença entre as diferentes comunidades. A maioria dos fenômenos lingüísticos aqui apresentados, tanto os de natureza fonética quanto os de natureza morfológica ou sintática encontramse em variação. Grande parte daqueles que são produzidos de forma sistemática ocorre, de forma variável ou sistemática, praticamente em todo o território nacional. Foi verificado ainda que o fator externo origem não se mostra influente na fala araguaiense, ou seja, os traços lingüísticos de regiões como o nordeste e o sul estão dissolvidos na fala local. O principal fator externo que pode ser responsabilizado pela variação é a escolaridade, que influencia tanto na produção de fenômenos fonéticos quanto gramaticais / Abstract: This research has as main objective the description of the speech in Alto do Araguaia, a small municipal district in Mato Grosso State, located in the border with the State of Goiás. Such municipal district has been receiving since its fundations to the current days, migrants from several areas odf the country. The heterogeneouns constituition of the population provokes in the comunity the emergence of linguistic variety that that presents phonectics and grammatical feature of several areas of the country. Another poin aimed here is the comparison of registred phenomena in the speech of Alto Araguaia with the ones that happen at other Brazilian places, with the intention in observe similarity/difference among the different communities. Most of the linguitic phenomena here presented, as much as phonetics nature, as morphologie nature or syntactic nature are in variation. Most of those that are produced in a systmatic way happens, in a variable or systematic way practically in the whole national territory. It was verified yet that the external origin factor is not shown influential in the araguaiense speech, in other words, the linguistic feature in areas as the northeast and the south are dissolved in the local speech. The main external factor that can be responsable by the variation id the education, that influences as much as in the production of phonetic and grammatical phenomena / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Many scholars, consultants and practitioners have recently focused their attention on ownership as a psychological phenomenon. It is theorised that formal ownership can produce positive attitudinal and behavioural effects through psychologically experienced ownership, and that the psychological sense of ownership may form an integral part of the individual’s relationship with the organisation. It is suggested that the presence of psychological ownership among organisational members can have a positive effect on organisational effectiveness and promote staff retention. Psychological ownership is defined as a state in which individuals feel as though the target of ownership or a piece of it is “theirs” (i.e. “It is mine!”). The main aim of the study was to explore psychological ownership from a theoretical and content validity perspective in order to develop a multi-dimensional measure of psychological ownership for South African organisations. The measure could be utilised as both a measurement and diagnostic tool to determine psychological ownership. The research methodology followed an extensive literature review of scholarly articles. A multi-dimensional framework for psychological ownership was developed, consisting of promotion-orientated and prevention-orientated psychological ownership dimensions. Promotion-orientated psychological ownership consists of six theory-driven components: self-efficacy, self-identity, sense of belonging, accountability, autonomy and responsibility. Territoriality was identified as a preventative form of psychological ownership. A panel of nine scholarly experts evaluated the validity of items and the entire theory-based instrument. Lawshe’s (1975) quantitative approach to content validity was applied in this study. The instrument was administered to a non-probability convenience sample N = 712). The sample comprised employed professional, highly skilled and skilled individuals in various South African organisations operating in both the private and public sector. The sample was randomly split into two subsets. A sample of n = 356 was used for the development of a model and the remaining half was used for validating the results that were attained from the first half. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the one subset n = 356). Parallel analysis signified four significant factors. The study resulted in a four-factor measure comprising 35 items that was named the South African Psychological Ownership Questionnaire (SAPOS). The four factors of the SAPOS were labelled Identification, Responsibility, Autonomy and Territoriality respectively. Results of the second-order factor analysis confirmed the existence of two distinctive dimensions: promotion-orientated and prevention-orientated psychological ownership. Promotion-orientated psychological ownership comprises three components: Identification, Responsibility and Autonomy. Territoriality was identified as a dimension of preventative psychological ownership. Examination of internal consistency revealed highly satisfactory Cronbach alpha coefficients for all four factors (Identification: _= .939; Responsibility: _= .871; Autonomy: _= .874; Territoriality: _= .776). Confirmatory factor analysis on the second subset of the sample (n = 356) confirmed the four-factor model. The chi-square/df ratio (1.7), CFI (.904), RMSEA (.045), and SRMR (0.59) values met the minimum recommended standards, indicating a reasonable fit. According to the results, all items demonstrated adequate convergent validity. Examination of the variance-extracted estimates confirmed discriminant validity within the model. Evidence of criterion-related validity was provided. Promotive psychological ownership was positively related to affective commitment and job satisfaction and negatively related to turnover intentions. Independent sample t-tests and the analysis of variance technique indicated that differences exist between employees varying in biographical variables with regard to the specific dimensions (Identification, Responsibility, Autonomy and Territoriality) underlying the concept of psychological ownership. The theoretical relevance of this study is its expansion of the five-dimensional theorydriven measure of psychological ownership developed by Avey and colleagues (2009). This study expanded on their theoretical model by adding two additional promotionfocused dimensions, namely Autonomy and Responsibility. The existence of a new measure will further contribute to the body of knowledge by filling the void for such a measuring instrument for South African organisations. The methodological relevance of this study is the contribution of a multidimensional scale evidencing substantial reliability and validity for evaluating people’s psychological ownership toward their organisation. The practical relevance of this study is the contribution of a multi-dimensional measure of psychological ownership that can be utilised by Human Resource professionals and managers for clarifying psychological ownership of employees within the specific context of a multi-cultural society such as that in South Africa. Understanding and utilising the measure has the potential to increase staff retention and productivity. If a sense of psychological ownership can be created among employees by addressing the factors measured by the instrument, an enhanced workplace can be established, ensuring sustainable performance during uncertain economic times. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

In this thesis we have shown that a seemingly complicated mathematical structure can exhibit 'tame behaviour'. The structure we have dealt with is a field (a space in which there are addition and multiplication which satisfy natural properties) together with a dense subset (a subset which has spread in all parts of the this set, as Q does in R) and a discrete subset (a subset comprised of single points which keep certain distances from one another). This tameness is essentially with regards to not being trapped with the 'Godel phenomeonon' as the Peano arithmetic does.

For decades, men in South Africa and many African countries have enjoyed the role of being the main providers and protectors of the family. The concept, “head of the family” implied a lot in terms of playing a leading role in the family. A man literarily became the main provider of the family while the woman was the family maker, i.e. looked after the family. Since the new dispensation in South Africa, the economic situation of women has improved tremendously. The campaign for the equality through the Gender Equality process and the Feminine Theology has seen many women coming out of the oppression of economy and climbing the ladders of prosperity and better live. On the hand, the policy of gender equality seems to have negative effects on the lives of men who had the privilege of having better salaries and enjoying the economic authority and being the major breadwinners in the family. Before this, many women’s salaries were just an augmentation of the husband’s salary and most of the financial transactions in the family were done in the name of the husband. Women could not buy on credit without the authorization of the husbands. With the new dispensation, all those barriers have been removed and women have been empowered to participate in the financial transactions without getting authorizations of their spouses. Once men lose their jobs or discover that their wives are earning far more than they do, they get depressed and their lives deteriorate hopelessly. They become alcoholics and sometimes take their own lives or decide to wipe out the whole family. This situation does not only confine itself to married couples, but to single men as well, especially the young ones. Many young women have the opportunity of going through tertiary education and are therefore earning better salaries and can afford to buy houses and cars independently from male counterparts. They do not need the security and comfort of men and can live on their own. It is because of the escalation of the phenomenon of traumatised men that the researcher was challenged to want to study it further, to see how prevalent it is and work with men to make them aware of it and to find ways of accepting it as a reality. The researcher further worked on a strategy to develop a counselling model or strategies for the Church to help the affected men and to prepare those who have not yet been involved to be ready. / Dissertation (MA(Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

This diploma thesis deals with centrifugal pump running as a turbine. Basic working principles of a pump are included, both in pump and turbine regime. Experimental data obtained from laboratory test bed are compared with CFD simulation on slightly simplified geometry. Obtained results are then processed using spectrogram. Influence of time step and mesh size on results is also researched.

Read abstract in the document / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Church History and Church Policy / PhD / Unrestricted

Floorball is a Swedish sport that was introduced in the late 1960s and grew immensely during the 1970s and the 1980s. In the beginning it was mostly played at leisure centres by adolescents but was soon to become one of the biggest sports in Sweden. This study aims to distinguish how the sport was established, how it expanded and how it was treated by the surroundings in the Swedish county of Västerbotten. The study also examines what role the non-profit leadership had when floorball was established in Västerbotten. The source material for this study is three interviews with former floorball pioneers and statistics of the license development during the period of 1986–1996.The result shows that floorball initially had a hard time establishing itself because of the negative responses from other already established sports. The municipality and the media were, however, more positive which helped the sport to develop and expand. The manufacturing of new equipment evolved quickly which helped to formalize the sport. Individual actors played a vital role in the establishment phase and were the backbone of the sport, both as players, leaders, organizers, and educators. The establishment of the district association Västerbottens Innebandyförbund was also a vital affair as the sport became more organized and formal in the county.