La piraterie maritime est communément perçue comme le crime international originel en ce qu’elle a de manière consensuelle ouverte la possibilité aux états de procéder à sa répression sans aucune distinction au nom de la préservation des intérêts communs de la communauté internationale. Cette compétence universelle a largement contribué à l’élargissement du champ d’application du droit international, en particulier pénal, alors même que ce droit apparait aujourd’hui paradoxalement inadapté pour répondre aux exigences de lutte contre la piraterie moderne. Le contexte ainsi que les caractéristiques singulières des actes de piraterie actuels constituent un enjeu tant dans l’application des dispositions du droit international mais également de manière plus général à la coopération internationale indispensable pour lutter contre les crimes transfrontaliers. Ce projet se propose de mener une réflexion sur, d’une part, les raisons de l’inadaptabilité des dispositions du droit international et, d’autre part, la nécessité d’élaborer un nouveau cadre juridique de lege feranda répondant aux nouvelles réalités de la piraterie maritime. / Maritime piracy is commonly considered as the original international crime. In the name of the common interest, states acknowledged the need to repress the crime of piracy regardless of nationalities or places of occurrence.. This piracy-inspired universal jurisdiction has contributed to broaden the scope of international law. Paradoxically, the latter appears inadequate to meet the necessary requirements to fight against modern piracy. The singular characteristics and the context of modern piracy are both a challenge, not only for the application of international law but also more broadly for the international cooperation essential to fight cross-border crimes. This project studies the reasons for the inadaptability of international law provisions and also the need to develop a new legal framework lege ferenda that will meet the new realities of maritime piracy. This new legal framework should take into account the needs to harmonize legislations in order to establish cooperation at the national, bilateral, regional and international level.

How airpower should be utilized for best effect in counterinsurgency operations is widely debated. According to David Jordan the most important contribution of airpower abilities in these situations is through assisting roles. Such as providing enhanced mobility, better observation and a third category including the importance of presence, harassment and the delivery of direct force. This thesis aims to investigate if those abilities proves to be a significant contribution to a modern counterinsurgency in accordance with a theoretical framework based on papers written by Jordan and Derek Read. It does so through a case study research on operation Atalanta. The result of the study indicates that airpower did support the operation in a way that was critical for success in deterring pirate attacks. The most prominent attributes are those of the third category: presence, harassment and the delivery of direct force. The second category was vital as well, the use of airpower provided the operation with intelligence and information through its capability for observation. There is not, however, enough material to completely support the theoretical framework that airpower was crucial in enhancing the operations mobility in operation Atalanta. / <p><strong>Uppsatsen skriven VT 2017 under Termin 4 Officersprogrammet 15-18 med inriktning </strong><strong>mot flyg. Examen genomförs VT 2018.</strong></p>

The European Union (EU) deployed its first police mission in 2003. Since then, the EU has deployed thirty-four missions around the world. Considering the great financial burden to the EU budget and the budget of contributing Member States (MS), as well as the fact that the realm of defence is one of the most overdue areas of the European integration project, this thesis asks the general but multifaceted question of where EU missions come from. To address this question the thesis explores the historic origins of EU missions, conceptualises them in view of the conceptual and theoretical developments in the literature and policy practice, and develops a model for the analysis of the decision-making process behind the deployment of EU missions. The model is tested on three case studies, namely the three EU missions deployed in the Horn of Africa European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Atalanta, European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Somalia and European Union Capacity Building Mission (EUCAP) Nestor. The findings of the analysis reveal a gradual evolution of EU crisis management after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the establishment of the European External Action Service. The analysis indicates that EUNAVFOR Atalanta was primarily deployed due to French impetus at the level of the Political and Security Committee (PSC), but also due to a convincing call of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to the international community to act against the significant increase of piracy activity in the Gulf of Aden in 2008. The EUTM Somalia mission was primarily deployed due to a convincing strategy from the strategic planners at the EEAS, as well as the commitment of the United States (US) to a partnership with the EU to train recruits of the Somali Security Forces (SSF). Finally, the analysis of the third case study reveals even greater impact from the strategic planners at the EEAS and the acceptance at all levels of the EU s Comprehensive Approach to crisis management, and in particular due to the influential Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa document. The overall interpretation of the findings conclude that the foreign policy of the EU is a moving target, constantly changing, as is exemplified by both the historic overview and the analysis of the three case studies, and that the analysts of EU foreign policy must remain open to these changes when choosing modes of studying EU foreign policy.

The main objective of this work is to critically evaluate a sufficient portion of the circuit problem of software piracy and to propose solutions of sub-problems, to use the interpretation of all relevant laws and all other available resources and create a comprehensive picture of the case. The practical part should be primarily a manual for ordinary computer users, which should help them. At the same time I present a preview of the methods of the executive law enforcement authority - Police of the Czech Republic, which deals with the investigation of software piracy. Range of the methods used in my work is not wide, which is partly due to reluctance of companies to cooperate because it is a relatively sensitive information, but it fully covers the needs of work and make it possible to have a final vision of the subject.

This work concerns with possibilities of licensing. There are mentioned advantages and disadvantages of particular models. Further on, the prediction of future situation in the IT market, new techniques, trends and reasons of these changes are introduced. Work addresses to both types of software -- proprietary software and Open Source software. Next part of work deals with software piracy and problems, which are connected with it. In second part of the work are theoretical knowledge converted into practice. There is examined license politics of Microsoft and possibilities which are offered to different customers. The final part concerns with two firms which operate on Czech market. There is a view to licenses, which are owned by firms, followed by recommendation of optimization.

This diploma thesis identifies the most important changes in legislation and submitted proposals in the area of copyright between years 2012 and 2013 and in the beginning of 2014 in the Czech Republic, the EU and the USA. These changes are evaluated from a legislative point of view and also from the point of view of a music consumer. For thorough understanding, the thesis contains also an overview of the current Czech legislation of copyright. Furthermore, it evaluates the current situation in a broader context of law, history, technology, culture and consumer behaviour and defines it as opposed to previous periods. It describes the history of music piracy and its current situation and features some of the most important cases of copyright enforcement of the period 2012 to 2014. The thesis contains also a research performed in the Czech Republic and Sweden, which describes past and present habits of music listeners. Following the identification of previous development and current trends, the thesis discovers future development and suggests future solutions to the problem of copyright in music.

Internet piracy has recently been addressed by several policies introduced in US, such as SOPA and ACTA. These policies suggest the general opinion to be that piracy reduce profits. The focus of this thesis is therefore put on the introduction of theoretical concept capable of describing possible piracy impacts and then showing empirical observations to prove it. We developed our own modified time-dependent model of demand function with network effect, which suggests that piracy can have indeed different results on producers' profits depending on the conditions. Further, we showed on real data that the resulting piracy effect in film industry is indefinite and piracy in other industries results in various outcomes.

The thesis deals with the Conflict in Somalia and the influence of international participants, especially European Union. Theoretical part focuses on main indicators that bring Somalia on the top of "Failed States Index", piracy and terrorism. Practical part focuses on analyzing European Union's missions in Somalia and evaluating indicators such as GDP or "Failed States Index". The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of European states on solving the instability of Somalia based on the current situation there.

A life of piracy offered marginal men a profession with a degree of autonomy, despite the brand of “outlaw” and the fear of prosecution. At various times throughout history, governments and crowned heads suspended much of their piracy prosecution, licensing men to work as “privateers” for the state, supplementing naval forces. This practice has a long history, but in sixteenth-century England, Elizabeth I (1558-1603) significantly altered this tradition. Recognizing her own weakness in effectively prosecuting these men and the profit they could contribute to the government, Elizabeth began incorporating pirates into the English naval corps in peacetime—not just in war. This practice increased English naval resources, income, and presence in the emerging Atlantic World, but also increased conflict with the powerful Spanish empire. By 1605, making peace with Spain, James VI/I (1603-1625) retracted Elizabeth’s privateering promotion, prompting an emigration of English seamen to the American outposts they had developed in the previous century. Now exiles, no longer beholden to the Crown, seamen reverted back to piracy. The Carolinas and Jamaica served as bases for these rover communities. In 1650, the revolutionary leader Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) once again recognized the merits of such policies. Determined to demonstrate his authority and solidify his rule, Cromwell offered citizenship and state support to Caribbean exiles in exchange for their aiding of his navy in the taking of Spanish Jamaica. Official chartering of Port Royal, Jamaica served as reward for these men’s efforts and as the culmination of a century-long cycle of piracy legislation, creating one of England’s most lucrative colonies in the middle of a traditionally Spanish Caribbean empire. Through legal and diplomatic records, correspondence, and naval and demographic records from England and Spain, this dissertation explores early modern piracy/privateering policy and its impact on the development of the Atlantic World. European disputes and imperial competition converged in these piracy debates with significant consequences for the definitions of criminality and citizenship and for the development of Atlantic empire.

Violation of Authors' Rights Using Cyberspace Abstract This diploma thesis describes violation of authors' rights in cyberspace, especially the most common ways of committing this crime. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter contains a general introduction to the topic, it defines the basic concepts (such as computer and related terms of hardware and software, internet, cyberspace and cybercrime), which serve as a basis for other parts of the work. The second chapter deals with copyright as such. It explains the concept of copyright work and describes the individual rights of the author. Given the nature of this criminal activity, it is not possible to limit the interpretation to the criminal law regulation. The second chapter thus indicates what rights of the author are affected, which works are subject to copyright infringement, which works are excluded from copyright protection and, finally, what are the limitations and exceptions to copyright. The third part is followed by a brief overview of the legislation that can be applied to the area of copyright (or generally to cybercrime). This includes national (Czech), European and international legislation, as it is an issue that in many cases crosses national borders. The fourth part of the thesis is a crucial part, because it deals with...