A topic modeling method, smoothed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is applied on a text corpus data of classical Swedish prose fiction. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, a smoothed LDA model is applied to the corpus, investigating how changes in hyperparameter values affect the topics in terms of distribution of words within topics and topics within novels. In the second part, two smoothed LDA models are applied to a reduced corpus, only consisting of adjectives. The generated topics are examined to see if they are more likely to occur in a text of a particular author and if the model could be used for identification of writing style. With this new approach, the ability of the smoothed LDA model as a writing style identifier is explored. While the texts analyzed in this thesis is unusally long - as they are not seg- mented prose fiction - the effect of the hyperparameters on model performance was found to be similar to those found in previous research. For the adjectives corpus, the models did succeed in generating topics with a higher probability of occurring in novels by the same author. The smoothed LDA was shown to be a good model for identification of writing style. Keywords: Topic modeling, Smoothed Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Gibbs sam- pling, MCMC, Bayesian statistics, Swedish prose fiction.

[pt] O presente trabalho procura estabelecer uma análise diacrônica da obra do escritor português Carlos de Oliveira no que diz respeito a evolução de seus mecanismos de escrita tendo como pano de fundo a elaboração de uma estética neo-realista. Da estréia na literatura com a publicação de Casa na duna, em 1943, até a maturação de seu estilo com Uma Abelha na Chuva, em 1953, pode-se perceber a evolução dessa estratégia de escrita, pela qual o autor busca traçar um panorama do período politicamente conturbado que vivia Portugal no início da segunda metade do século XX, bem como oferece ao leitor mais atento uma inúmera quantidade de matizes estilísticas, remetendo, dessa forma, ao quadro estético do Neo-Realismo português. É a partir de um olhar mais atento à superação da análise da referida estética, que este trabalho chegará à conclusão de que o autor transcende os moldes neo-realistas, por construir uma obra cuja opressão física, psicológica e financeira, foi muito bem representada pela operação de uma mimesis mais atenta de Carlos de Oliveira. / [en] The following work aims to establish a diachronic analysis of the process of writing of the Portuguese author Carlos de Oliveira, and it will be held towards the new-realism mechanisms. His first novel published in 1943, Casa na Duna, up to his mature style in the novel Uma Abelha na Chuva, published in 1953, it can be seen the evolution of his strategy of writing in which the author tries to build a perspective from the tough political process that Portugal was going through during the second half of the twentieth century. This analysis objects to present the reader a great amount of stylistic views that has to do with the Portuguese New-Realism. In order to present a wider overview, this thesis will conclude that the author goes beyond the new-realism`s barriers to build a novel whose physical, financial and psychological oppression, was well- represented by Carlos de Oliveira s mimesis operation.

Robert Greene began collaborating with Thomas Nashe as English prose was turning away from the style and subject matter of Lyly's Euphues (1578) and Sidney's Arcadia (1590). When Greene and Nashe came together in London, the two writers appear to have set the tone for the pamphleteers who would establish the realistic tradition that contributed to the development of the novel. Greene's Menaphon (1589) may be a satire representing his abandonment of courtly fiction. The influence of the Marprelate controversy is reflected in Greene's appeals to the pragmatic character of the emerging literate middle class. Greene's Vision (1592) appears to be Greene's affirmation of his critical philosophy at a point of stress in the authors' relationship.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir, na prosa de ficção brasileira da década de 1990, a presença de estratégias discursivas que revelam processos complexos de abordagem do confronto entre o eu e o outro. Trata-se da presença de instâncias narrativas impregnadas de discursos sobre a alteridade, o que se evidencia em contos e romances cujos enredos pautamse no confronto de subjetividades, etnias e culturas. Para discutir essa questão, procuramos identificar, nas narrativas analisadas, o que denominamos como a presença de vozes etnográficas, a partir de aproximações entre o campo da literatura e da antropologia, considerando que o procedimento de leitura e escrita do outro faz-se presente tanto no trabalho do etnógrafo quanto do ficcionista. Tal procedimento leva-nos, enfim, a considerar a polifonia como um traço fundamental do processo de escrita e leitura da alteridade em nossa ficção contemporânea. / [en] The objective of this study is to discuss the presence, in 1990´s Brazilian prose fiction, of discursive strategies that reveal complex processes of approaching the confrontation between the I and the Other. We deal with the presence of narrative instances impregnated with speeches on alterity, what is evidenced in stories and romances whose plots are based on the confrontation of subjectivities, ethnic groups and cultures. In order to discuss this subject, we tried to identify, in the narratives analyzed, what we denominate the presence of ethnographic voices, starting with approximations among the literary and the anthropologic fields, considering that procedures of the other´s reading and writing are made present as much in the ethnographer s as in the fictionist´s work. Such procedure lets us, finally, consider the polyphony as a fundamental feature of the alterity´s writing and reading process in our contemporary fiction.

This investigation presents two literary case studies that demonstrate the heterogeneity of Wilhelmine popular fiction, both in terms of thematic orientation and aesthetic quality. The chosen authors are women from bourgeois backgrounds who were prolific and well-known during their life-time, but who have since been relegated. They target the ‘new middle class’ of that era as their readership and, respectively, represent two important but contested genres of late nineteenth-century popular fiction: Heimatkunst and the Sozialroman. Heimatkunst has been dismissed as a homogeneous propagator of right-wing ideology. Yet the texts of Charlotte Niese evidence ‘resistant practice’ within and against prevailing discourse parameters. Her autobiographical writing demonstrates a type of nationalism orientated in dignity and independence, rather than competition and militarism, while also showing how political indoctrination and imposition poisoned the vernacular social status quo which otherwise managed to integrate antagonistic values and attitudes. Her fictional narratives highlight how writing dubbed Heimatkunst was subject to hybridisation, at times to amount to an approximation of a modernist aesthetic. The Sozialroman has been dismissed as a trivial ‘variety of social recipes’. Luise Westkirch’s narratives, however, incorporate thorough-going social reform. Her shorter narratives include astute, psychologically-based social critique which facilitates insights into contemporaneous preoccupations and slow perceptual changes. Incorporating tenets derived from the German romantic legacy, her narratives challenge dominant discourse parameters directly. In the process, the internationally ubiquitous interpretation of competition and power as basic instinctual drives is deconstructed as an erroneous and self-destructive assumption. Westkirch’s complex narratives establish sub-textual agendas through ‘thematic compounding’ that directs the reader’s attention overtly at one set of issues while covertly commenting on another. In this way, she constructs gender inequality as an indictment of normative socio-political systems. This study therefore argues that popular fiction located in a time of cultural crisis has the potential to make explicit the parameters of the prevailing dominant discourse, against which specific values are articulated. Since a conscious formulation of these parameters is essential to the loosening of any conceptual hegemony, which depends on implicitness, fiction thus situated can yield new perspectives, not only in terms of historical insight, but in terms of conceptual alternatives that also have contemporary relevance.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-31T12:21:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8020077 bytes, checksum: 8f330e400dafe642eaebcb4b7d8bb7ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T12:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8020077 bytes, checksum: 8f330e400dafe642eaebcb4b7d8bb7ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / The newspaper was the main support for the circulation of writing and dissemination of literary work in nineteenth - century Brasil. In view of this finding, this research was developed with the objective of investigating the circulation and dissemination of prose fiction in the newspapers of São Luís and de Caxias, in the First Cycle of Literature in Maranhão (1832-1868), considering the Maranhão political-social context and the possibility of the formation of a Literary System of Maranhão, in this textual form, in order to know better the History of Reading and Literature, in this state, in the nineteenth century. It is a study in primary source, since newspapers were used; As well as bibliographical, since books, journals, theses, dissertations and articles were also searched, involving qualitative and critical-analytical procedures. The theoretical foundation is based on Cultural History, History of Brazilian Literature, History of Maranhão Literature, History of Reading and History of Newspapers. As for Cultural History, the notions of practice, appropriation and representation, studied by Roger Chartier (2001; 2002; 2004, 2005; 2011), were followed, according to which literary objects are studied as a result of the cultural practices of an era. For the History of Brazilian Literature, we take as reference the texts of Antonio Candido (2012), regarding the Brazilian literary context, in the nineteenth century. In relation to the History of Maranhão Literature, the main basis was the essay by Antônio dos Reis Carvalho (1912), who presents this literature by canonical bias; Followed by the study of Ricardo André Ferreira Martins (2009), about newspapers as sources of this literature, but also valuing the canon. On the History of Reading and the Newspapers, the ideas of Socorro de Fátima Pacífico Barbosa (2007, 2005, 2013), Márcia Abreu (2007), Marisa Lajolo and Regina Zilberman (1996) and Marlyse Meyer (2005) were used. Specifically, regarding the Maranhão newspapers, the main references were the studies of Joaquim Serra (2001) and Quincas Vilaneto (2008). / O jornal era o principal suporte de circulação do escrito e de divulgação do trabalho literário no Brasil do século XIX, em vista dessa constatação, foi desenvolvida esta pesquisa, com o objetivo de investigar a circulação e a divulgação da prosa de ficção, nos jornais de São Luís e de Caxias, no Primeiro Ciclo da Literatura no Maranhão (1832-1868), considerando o contexto político-social maranhense e a possibilidade da formação de um Sistema Literário do Maranhão, nessa forma textual, a fim de que se conheça melhor a História de Leitura e da Literatura, nesse estado, no século XIX. Trata-se de um estudo em fonte primária, visto que foram utilizados jornais; bem como bibliográfico, uma vez que foram também pesquisados livros, revistas, teses, dissertações e artigos, envolvendo os procedimentos qualitativos e crítico-analítico. A fundamentação teórica é pautada na História Cultural, História da Literatura Brasileira, História da Literatura Maranhense, História da Leitura e História dos Jornais. Quanto à História Cultural, foram seguidas as noções de prática, apropriação e representação, estudadas por Roger Chartier (2001; 2002; 2004, 2005; 2011), segundo as quais os objetos literários são estudados como resultado das práticas culturais de uma época. Para a História da Literatura Brasileira, tomamos como referencial os textos de Antonio Candido (2012), a respeito do contexto literário brasileiro, no século XIX. Em relação à História da Literatura Maranhense, a principal base foi o ensaio de Antônio dos Reis Carvalho (1912), que apresenta essa literatura pelo viés canônico; seguido pelo estudo de Ricardo André Ferreira Martins (2009), a respeito dos jornais como fontes dessa literatura, mas também valorizando o cânone. Sobre a História da Leitura e dos Jornais serviram de apoio as ideias de Socorro de Fátima Pacífico Barbosa (2007, 2005, 2013), Márcia Abreu (2007), Marisa Lajolo e Regina Zilberman (1996) e Marlyse Meyer (2005). Especificamente, a respeito dos jornais maranhenses, as principais referências foram os estudos de Joaquim Serra (2001) e de Quincas Vilaneto (2008).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele dos Santos Souza Onodera.pdf: 1162180 bytes, checksum: e5a910b019243d04406e2d0df4ba4559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The objective of this paper is to discuss how the literary form competes in the building of a historical and social memory of the temporality in the novel Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas by Machado de Assis considering the period in which it was produced. Firstly, it was used Lukács'studies (2000) to talk about the fact that the novel did not have a formal pre adaptation and because of that permitted, more than in other genres, the transposition from reality to the literary plan. Secondly, Machado de Assis was situated in relation to social and political aspects that surrounded the daily life in the Brazilian empire, and also in relation to literary practice and literary plan. Finally, this paper focused on the analysis of the memorial report by the dead-author Brás Cubas. Using the famous metaphors created by Pierre Lévy (1996) virtualization and "update". it was verified how the update about his life imerse in the memorial universe (virtual) made the dead-author to reveal the social and historical context of the court in the 19th century simultaneously. / O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir como no romance Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas de Machado de Assis, a forma literária concorre para a construção do memorial histórico-social da temporalidade em que esta obra foi roduzida. Em um primeiro momento, baseado nos pressupostos de Lukács (2000), discorreu-se sobre o fato de que a não pré-normatização formal no romance permitiu-lhe, mais do que em outros gêneros, a transposição da realidade para o plano literário. Em seguida, situou-se Machado de Assis, tanto em relação às questões políticas e sociais que permeavam o cotidiano do Império brasileiro, quanto frente à pratica literária e à estética realista. Por fim, esta dissertação concentrou-se na análise do relato memorial do defunto autor Brás Cubas. A partir da metáfora da "virtualidade" e da atualização ambos termos conceituados por Pierre Lévy (1996) buscou-se verificar como a atualização que o defunto autor faz de sua trajetória de vida imersa no universo memorial (virtual), revela simultaneamente o contexto histórico-social da corte do século XIX.