O presente trabalho se propõe a discutir os destinos psíquicos da experiência traumática, tanto em seus aspectos defensivos, restritivos das capacidades de realização do si-mesmo, quanto no que diz respeito a seus potenciais de simbolização e transformação. Referimo-nos aqui, porém, a uma modalidade particular de traumatismo: aquela que se define por um distanciamento afetivo dos pais em relação à criança, distanciamento esse responsável pelo confronto do sujeito a uma condição de desamparo e impotência insuportáveis. O fracasso dos esforços que, no passado, o indivíduo realizou na tentativa de socorrer os pais em seu sofrimento e de recuperar seu amor deixou como herança um terrível abismo interno e, para sobreviver a essa condição, o psiquismo irá estruturar defesas sofisticadas contra a perda do sentido de si e o colapso da estrutura psíquica de que se vê permanentemente ameaçado, as quais se definem, de nosso ponto de vista, a partir de três vértices principais. Num primeiro plano de análise, pudemos reconhecer que a situação traumática para a qual não se vislumbra nenhuma possibilidade de saída torna-se para o sujeito signo de uma realidade não dimensionável, sem começo, meio e fim, ou seja, uma condição existencial definitiva e inquestionável. Num segundo, fomos levados a tratar os efeitos do abandono afetivo, também, nos termos de um fenômeno de auto-alienação, já que, em meio a uma situação de sofrimento intolerável, uma das primeiras tendências evidenciadas pelo psiquismo é a de mergulhar em um processo de transe, semelhante a uma anestesia, cujo resultado é um estado de desorientação psíquica capaz de suspender a percepção do mal e, junto com ela, a de uma boa parcela da realidade. Consideramos ainda, num terceiro plano, o fato de que, nessa condição, o indivíduo tende a localizar em si mesmo a origem da violência que se abate sobre ele, purificando os pais e a família de todo o seu potencial enlouquecedor e o atribuindo exclusivamente a si. Tais perspectivas se apresentaram para nós como dimensões concomitantes e indissolúveis das configurações subjetivas em que podem ser reconhecidas. A partir de cada uma delas, vemo-nos diante de diferentes aspectos de organizações defensivas criadas contra a angústia de fragmentação e despersonalização gerada pela profunda insegurança a respeito da confiabilidade do objeto. Na última parte da pesquisa, buscamos apresentar possibilidades para o trabalho com pacientes traumatizados, a partir do que nos parecem ser as condições imprescindíveis à simbolização de angústias profundas produzidas pela situação traumática / The present work proposes to discuss the psychic destinies of the traumatic experience, both in their defensive aspects, restrictive of the capacities for realization of the self, and in their potential of symbolization and transformation. We make reference here, however, to a specific modality of traumatism: one which is defined by the affective distance of the parents from the children, distance responsible for the confrontation of the subject with the condition of helplessness and unbearable powerlessness. The failure of the efforts which, in the past, the individual has realized in the attempt to rescue the parents from their suffering and to recover their love left as heritage a terrible interior abyss and, to survive this condition, the psychism will structure sophisticated defences against the loss of the meaning of the self and the collapse of the psychic structure with that is seen permanently threatened, which are defined, in our point of view, from three main angles. In a first level of analysis, we could recognise that the traumatic situation for which is not glimpsed none possibility of exit turns out to be for the subject a sign of a reality which cannot be measured, without beginning, middle and end, that is, a definitive and unquestionable existential condition. In a second level, we were led to treat the effects of the affective abandonment, also, in the terms of a phenomenon of self-alienation, since, in the midst of a situation of intolerable suffering, one of the first tendencies evidenced by the psychism is to submerge in a process of trance, similar to an anesthesia, whose result is a state of psychic disorientation able to cease the perception of the evil and, with it, of a good part of the reality. We also consider, in a third level, the fact that, in this condition, the individual tends to situate in himself or herself the origin of the violence which is inflicted upon him or her, purifying the parents and the family of their whole maddening potential and laying it exclusively to himself or herself. These perspectives have been presented for us as concomitant and indissoluble dimensions of the subjective configurations in which can be recognised. From each one of them, we see us in front of different aspects of defensive organizations created against the angst of fragmentation and depersonalization engendered by the deep insecurity about the confiability of the object. In the last part of the research, we try to present possibilities for a work with traumatized patients, from that appear us to be the essential conditions for the symbolization of deep angsts produced by the traumatic situation

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) influence student learning, behavior, and lifelong health and success. About one in four children have experienced at least one traumatic event (e.g., household dysfunction, neglect, and/or abuse) before the age of four, and that rate more than triples for children living in poverty. Trauma sensitive schools have been disseminated as a way to address this need, but there is little research on the topic. This study sought to improve understanding about adoption of trauma sensitive practices in a representative sample of the 77 elementary-level community schools in New York City and to identify facilitators and barriers to adoption of these practices. Thirty schools were randomly-selected, and interviews were conducted with 23 (76.7%) community school directors. Comprehensive Educational Plans were reviewed to supplement the interviews. The measurements and data analysis were informed by the Behavioral Health and Public Schools Framework (The Framework). Diffusion of Innovation Theory was used to classify facilitators and barriers. Data analysis comprised both deductive and inductive approaches. The findings indicated that community schools have adopted some practices aligned with the Framework, though services and resources are not delivered in strategic and coordinated ways. School cultures, priorities, and goals are not always well aligned with trauma sensitive practices. There is a wide range of experience among staff and agencies responsible for driving the adoption of trauma sensitive practices, and this is a barrier to adoption of coordinated school-wide approaches. Consequently, while community schools are a promising model, many social-emotional, mental health, and other needs of children and families persist. Schools are clearly an important social institution within society to foster upward social mobility and increase the chances for youth and children to develop in healthful fulfilling ways and contribute to the democratic society in which they live. But given the unequal and unfair distribution of access to educational resources, employment, housing, health care, income among other social resources, long-term efforts by communities as well as government policies, and investments are needed to ameliorate the traumatic experiences that continue to affect children and families and to prevent the intergenerational trauma that has occurred for centuries.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-05-14T12:53:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Liana O. D. Driga.pdf: 1276413 bytes, checksum: 144ff301adcb88931e1a10b694cdd8e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T12:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liana O. D. Driga.pdf: 1276413 bytes, checksum: 144ff301adcb88931e1a10b694cdd8e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This dissertation aims at understanding the processes by which the descendants of survivors from social catastrophes work through their parent’s and grandparent’s traumatic experience. We search to enlighten how they dealt with the ruptures within transgenerational transmission, the effect of what was left untold and the resources they found to confront the silence of their elders and how they elaborated their traumatic inheritance. Due to the intimacy between the political and the psychic, we approach the importance of the collective dimension, the necessity of inscription of the experience in the social bond and the unfolding of narratives by the second and third generations. The object of our research was the possibilities of transmission, the ways by which the descendants recollect the experience of their elders into their own forms of narrative, which enables them to reinvent themselves through succesive generations. We then investigate the ways the untold or the unsaid operate and its varied impacts on the process of transgenerational transmission. We pursued clinical researches of different modalities of the unsaid/untold, first among the survivors of the Holocaust, then the struggles of a descendant of survivors from the Armenian genocide, as well as the problems of young men of Argelian descent in France facing the official silencing of French colonial power and its traumatic effects among the succeeding generations of Argelian immigrants. We also exploited a novel written by the daughter of a victim of the Ruandese genocide about her mother’s struggles to survive in exile prior to her murder and the massacre of her family. We also studied a daughter’s narrative of her mother’s diary as a survivor of Auschwitz. In this research we pursued three main guidelines: the rebonding of social relations, psychoanalytic transference and the addressment of ties with the other, and the importance of collective historical experiences and the underlying process of historicizing traumatic events, and finally the difficult process of distinguishing the meaning of erlebnis and experience in their long and necessarily incomplete elaboration of mourning / Investigamos nessa dissertação como os descendentes de sobreviventes de catástrofes sociais elaboram a experiência traumática dos pais e avós. Como se dão os impasses na transmissão, os efeitos do não-dito e quais os caminhos para lidar com o silenciamento e o processo de elaboração de uma herança traumática. Dada a intimidade entre o plano político e psíquico, abordaremos a importância da dimensão coletiva, a inscrição no laço social e a construção da narrativa pela segunda e terceira geração de descendentes. Abordamos as possibilidades de transmissão, as formas de inscrição das origens numa narrativa, que possibilita se reinventar através das gerações. Tratamos dos efeitos do não-dito e seus impasses no ato de transmitir uma herança. Focamos nos efeitos da repetição e suas produções sintomáticas, assim como no fenômeno do declínio da experiência e como isso se articula com as possibilidades e limites da transmissão. Em seguida, abordamos como opera o não-dito, e seus diversos impasses no processo de transmissão transgeracional. Debruçamo-nos sobre diferentes modalidades do não-dito, em diferentes contextos históricos a fim de depreender resquícios do fenômeno social e psíquico tal como se manifestaram nas gerações sucessivas. Primeiramente, o não-dito na clínica envolvendo descendentes de sobreviventes do Holocausto. Na segunda parte, Altounian nos mergulha na elaboração de uma herança traumática do ponto vista de uma descendente do genocídio armênio. Na terceira parte, investigaremos o não-dito da história colonial francesa na Argélia e como se desvelaram os seus efeitos hoje sobre a população francesa de descendentes argelinos. Na quarta parte, a partir de um romance nos aproximaremos de um relato biográfico escrito por uma filha sobre a mãe que morreu no genocídio ruandês, e, finalmente o relato de uma filha que escreve sobre o diário da mãe acerca da sua experiência em Auschwitz. Finalmente, nos propomos a redefinir o que seria a herança traumática. Destrinchar as experiências das gerações que se seguem aos sobreviventes e o trabalho psíquico elaborado por elas. Para tanto nos orientamos por três eixos: os laços com o outro: transferência e endereçamento; a história e historização dos eventos: a importância do coletivo; e, entre vivência e experiência: a elaboração não-toda do luto

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-05-14T12:53:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lúcia Helena da Silva Alves.pdf: 1645318 bytes, checksum: be28418f5daba6e97b5246470ed4eb15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T12:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lúcia Helena da Silva Alves.pdf: 1645318 bytes, checksum: be28418f5daba6e97b5246470ed4eb15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Currently, we experience several extremely violent scenarios that reach the most vulnerable portion of the population, who lives in the outskirts of the big cities. Thisresearch has as its objective to deepen the theoretical investigation on trauma in a situation of extreme violence, which implies reviewing the technical devices from the field of knowledge of psychoanalysis. It is from the field of knowledge that the analyst uses the clinical devices, such as listening, floating attention, free association, transference, interpretation, among others, in order to comprehend the psychological dynamics of the subjects who have experienced trauma, those who feel vulnerable and helpless. Within this context, we ask ourselves: what is trauma? Which psychic processes are part of it? How does the recurrence of traumatic affection manifest itself in clinic? What are the psychoanalytical devices that we can use? The perception is that we are sailing in troubled waters within the clinic, where the analysis of these patients shows us that theory and practice need to be reviewed. It is in the context of the clinic that a space is opened for the individual to talk about his or her trauma–it is understood that the subject, by suffering from violence, sees him or herself invaded in all psychic spaces for the excess of intolerable pulsional energy directed to ‘Me’, whose exaggeration derives from lived experiences by the individual with the external world. The therapeutic space is the place of the reunion between the subjects, the one that takes care, and the one who is taken care of. This clinical model is not the one from the excluded, the less favoured classes, the oppressed, the ones from anywhere –but a space of reception of different subjects. In order to illustrate this research, we resorted to the method of case fragment, which is considered one of the most ancient methods used in human and social science, not only in clinical practice but also in research. The first fragment refers to Antígona, mother, human rights militant who had her son killed by a State’s agent; the second, Iolaos, boy, sexually abused by his neighbour Prócusto. It is at the light of Ferenczi’s theory and other contemporary authors that we will analyse this psychic functioning manner founded in the divide mechanism. The clinical services seek to give a new meaning to the perception of trauma and its subjective repercussions unleashed in the subject’s life, generating pulsional motions that are repeated, relived and that manifest themselves in the form of psychic suffering, with representations that need to be symbolized / Na atualidade,estamos vivenciando vários cenários de violências extremas que atingem a população mais vulnerável, que vive nas periferias das grandes cidades. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo aprofundar a investigação teórica sobre o trauma em situação de violência extrema, o que implica em rever os dispositivos técnicos a partir do campo dosaber da psicanálise. É a partir do campo dosaber que o analista faz uso dos dispositivos clínicos, taiscomo:a escuta, a atenção flutuante, a associação livre, a transferência,a interpretação, entre outros,para compreender a dinâmica psíquica dos sujeitos que vivenciam o trauma, os quais sesentem vulneráveis e desamparados. Dentro desse contexto, nos perguntamos: oque é o trauma? Quais processos psíquicos ocompõem? Como a repetição dos afetostraumáticosse manifesta na clínica? Quais os dispositivos psicanalíticos que poderemos utilizar? A percepção é de estarmos navegando em mares revoltos da clínica, onde as análises desses pacientes nos mostram que a teoria e a prática precisam ser repensadas. É no contexto da clínica que se abre o espaço para o indivíduo falar do trauma sofrido –entende-seque o sujeito,ao sofrer uma violência, vê-se invadido em todos os espaços psíquicos pelo excesso de energia pulsional intolerável voltado para o eu, cujo exagero é retirado das experiências vividas pelo indivíduo com o mundo externo. O espaço terapêutico é o lugar do reencontro entre os sujeitos, aquele que cuida, e quem é cuidado. Esse modelo clínico não é o dos excluídos, das classes menos favorecidas, dosoprimidos, de qualquer lugar -mas um espaço de acolhimento de diferentes sujeitos. Para ilustrar esta pesquisa recorremos ao método de fragmento de caso, o qual é considerado um dos métodos mais antigos utilizados nas ciências humanas e sociais, tanto na prática clínica quanto na pesquisa. O primeiro fragmento se refere aAntígona, mãe, militante de direitos humanos que teve oseufilho morto por um agente do Estado; osegundo, Iolaos, garoto, abusado sexualmente pelo vizinho Prócusto. É a luz da teoria ferencziana e de outros autores contemporâneos que analisaremos esse modo de funcionamento psíquico fundado no mecanismo da clivagem.Os atendimentos clínicos visam ressignificara vivência do trauma e suas repercussões subjetivas desencadeadas na vida do sujeito, gerando moções pulsionais que são repetidas e revividas e se manifestam na forma de sofrimento psíquico, cujasrepresentações precisam ser simbolizadas

This study compared the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, Second Edition (FACES II) scores of traumatized youth diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the scores of trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and a non-traumatized comparison group. Child diagnostic interviews determined that all participants were free of additional major comorbid disorders. The FACES II scores of children and adolescents with PTSD were not significantly different from the FACES II scores of trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and the non-traumatized comparison group. FACES II scores were also not significantly different between the trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and the non-traumatized comparison group. Accordingly, PTSD and trauma-exposure without PTSD were not associated with variations in the perception of family functioning as measured by the FACES II. Implications for research and practice are considered.

This dissertation explores the work of specific female autobiographers or memoirists who have written about their endured emotional or physical wounds inflicted by trauma. Throughout history, women’s writings and experiences have been commonly devalued or excluded from those autobiographical texts within the traditional canon. Further, traumatized women have traditionally been regarded as pathologically divided victims who suffer holes in their psyches. Their stories about traumatized childhood and adolescence are thus treated as insignificant or dangerous and are easily silenced. As a result, life stories of traumatized women have been commonly considered as unfit texts for students to read in class (especially because of concerns about possibilities of (re)traumatizing readers), and thus are commonly omitted from the English curriculum. Considering that the literary world still is dominated by white male writers, this study examines not only traumatized women writers but also women writers who represent “difference” as well as have suffered trauma. This dissertation’s analyzed authors and texts include: Marguerite Duras’s The Lover, Rigoberta Menchú's I, Rigoberta Menchú: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, Susanna Kaysen’s Girl, Interrupted, Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis, and Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home. These women writers variously demonstrate, through their embodied trauma writings, how easily a seemingly integrated/unitary self can be shattered, how unexpectedly the status quo can be destabilized by certain events in their life-writings, and how subversively the history of the female body can be rewritten. The life-writings by these women, who are non-heterosexual, non-white, and from the lower class, and/or who have lived with disabilities/illnesses, are far from that typical autobiographical writing that emphasizes tests of manhood, or beautifies the linear development of the masculine subject. In other words, they never emphasize their triumph over trauma, do not celebrate selfsufficiency or self-reliance, and are not interested in claiming any authority of their own personal experiences. Rather, they highlight the understanding of their own incompleteness, fragmentation, and self-contradiction, which serves to uncover the fictiveness or myths of self-control or self-mastery typically found in narratives by male and often white-only writers. In their life writings, the traumatized adolescent selves are continuously reshaped and discursively constructed, not as helpless victims of terrifying events, as is frequently assumed, but as those with rebellious, transgressive, and uncanny power, who can disturb patriarchal social norms or regulations in their life writing and come to terms with trauma in their own ways: Duras’s eroticizing trauma in The Lover, Menchú politicizing trauma in I, Rigoberta Menchú: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, Kaysen’s depathologizing trauma in Girl, Interrupted, Satrapi’s and Bechdel’s visualizing unrepresentable trauma in The Complete Persepolis and Fun Home. This study employs poststructural theories that “challenge the unity and coherence of the intact and fully conscious ‘self’ of Western autobiographical practices and the limits of its representations” (J. Miller, 49) to examine traumatized girlhood. In particular, based on feminist poststructural critiques of modernist, Enlightenment assumptions about autobiographical perspectives and voices, the following questions are examined in this dissertation: What words or images do this study’s examined authors utilize as a way to (re- )construct a self out of trauma? What understandings or insights do these authors achieve — or not achieve — while working to come terms with their traumas? In what ways might — or might not — these authors’ memoirs or life writings serve or disrupt a palliative/therapeutic role in what often is termed the healing process? What places, if any, might such autobiographical works focused on women’s experiences of trauma have in the English curriculum within the secondary classroom? And lastly, what and who constitutes the English literature canon, and what debates continue to characterize efforts to expand this canon to include voices of the marginalized?

We are living are living in the age of the trigger warning— educational cultures that threaten English teachers’ ability to present psychologically upsetting literature to students who may lack the necessary resilience to tolerate highly charged literary encounters with complex issues, such as rape, violence, racism, or political strife. And yet literature is filled with conflict— artistic representations of the precise traumas that certain members of our student populations may not be able to tolerate. In order to safeguard trauma survivors from potential reactivation of traumatic stress, a handful of educational institutions promote the use of trigger warnings. But are trigger warnings effective, and, if they are, what do they teach English teachers about what happens to individuals who have endured trauma and are therefore susceptible to being triggered? The purpose of this research, which consisted of interviews and an intensive focus group with seven veteran English teachers teaching at seven distinct schools throughout the world, was to offer insights and pedagogical awareness to English teachers, so that they can better anticipate, conceptualize, and decided for themselves how to respond to students who get triggered by emotionally complex literature. In addition to the qualitative research methods used with the seven English teacher participants, this study utilizes the work and thinking of trauma expert Bessel van der Kolk in an attempt to illustrate the neurological impacts of trauma through a comprehensive overview of PET scans of trauma survivors studied in van der Kolk’s lab in Brookline, Massachusetts. Each PET scan presents key features of what can happen to the brains of survivors, and may provide significant clues into what happens among our students when they get psychologically triggered in the classroom. The dissertation concludes with a one-on-one interview with Harvard psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk, and offers his insights, wisdom, and conceptualizations for this highly complex and nuanced problem.

This study compared the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, Second Edition (FACES II) scores of traumatized youth diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the scores of trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and a non-traumatized comparison group. Child diagnostic interviews determined that all participants were free of additional major comorbid disorders. The FACES II scores of children and adolescents with PTSD were not significantly different from the FACES II scores of trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and the non-traumatized comparison group. FACES II scores were also not significantly different between the trauma-exposed youth without PTSD and the non-traumatized comparison group. Accordingly, PTSD and trauma-exposure without PTSD were not associated with variations in the perception of family functioning as measured by the FACES II. Implications for research and practice are considered.

While fantasy as a genre is often dismissed as frivolous and inappropriate, it is highly relevant in representing and working through trauma. The fantasy genre presents spectators with images of the unsettled and unresolved, taking them on a journey through a world in which the familiar is rendered unfamiliar. It positions itself as an in-between, while the consequential disturbance of recognized world orders lends this genre to relating stories of trauma themselves characterized by hauntings, disputed memories, and irresolution. Through an examination of films from around the world and their depictions of individual and collective traumas through the fantastic, this thesis outlines how fantasy succeeds in representing and challenging histories of violence, silence, and irresolution. Further, it also examines how the genre itself is transformed in relating stories that are not yet resolved. While analysing the modes in which the fantasy genre mediates and intercedes trauma narratives, this research contributes to a wider recognition of an understudied and underestimated genre, as well as to discourses on how trauma is narrated and negotiated.

O presente trabalho se propõe a discutir os destinos psíquicos da experiência traumática, tanto em seus aspectos defensivos, restritivos das capacidades de realização do si-mesmo, quanto no que diz respeito a seus potenciais de simbolização e transformação. Referimo-nos aqui, porém, a uma modalidade particular de traumatismo: aquela que se define por um distanciamento afetivo dos pais em relação à criança, distanciamento esse responsável pelo confronto do sujeito a uma condição de desamparo e impotência insuportáveis. O fracasso dos esforços que, no passado, o indivíduo realizou na tentativa de socorrer os pais em seu sofrimento e de recuperar seu amor deixou como herança um terrível abismo interno e, para sobreviver a essa condição, o psiquismo irá estruturar defesas sofisticadas contra a perda do sentido de si e o colapso da estrutura psíquica de que se vê permanentemente ameaçado, as quais se definem, de nosso ponto de vista, a partir de três vértices principais. Num primeiro plano de análise, pudemos reconhecer que a situação traumática para a qual não se vislumbra nenhuma possibilidade de saída torna-se para o sujeito signo de uma realidade não dimensionável, sem começo, meio e fim, ou seja, uma condição existencial definitiva e inquestionável. Num segundo, fomos levados a tratar os efeitos do abandono afetivo, também, nos termos de um fenômeno de auto-alienação, já que, em meio a uma situação de sofrimento intolerável, uma das primeiras tendências evidenciadas pelo psiquismo é a de mergulhar em um processo de transe, semelhante a uma anestesia, cujo resultado é um estado de desorientação psíquica capaz de suspender a percepção do mal e, junto com ela, a de uma boa parcela da realidade. Consideramos ainda, num terceiro plano, o fato de que, nessa condição, o indivíduo tende a localizar em si mesmo a origem da violência que se abate sobre ele, purificando os pais e a família de todo o seu potencial enlouquecedor e o atribuindo exclusivamente a si. Tais perspectivas se apresentaram para nós como dimensões concomitantes e indissolúveis das configurações subjetivas em que podem ser reconhecidas. A partir de cada uma delas, vemo-nos diante de diferentes aspectos de organizações defensivas criadas contra a angústia de fragmentação e despersonalização gerada pela profunda insegurança a respeito da confiabilidade do objeto. Na última parte da pesquisa, buscamos apresentar possibilidades para o trabalho com pacientes traumatizados, a partir do que nos parecem ser as condições imprescindíveis à simbolização de angústias profundas produzidas pela situação traumática / The present work proposes to discuss the psychic destinies of the traumatic experience, both in their defensive aspects, restrictive of the capacities for realization of the self, and in their potential of symbolization and transformation. We make reference here, however, to a specific modality of traumatism: one which is defined by the affective distance of the parents from the children, distance responsible for the confrontation of the subject with the condition of helplessness and unbearable powerlessness. The failure of the efforts which, in the past, the individual has realized in the attempt to rescue the parents from their suffering and to recover their love left as heritage a terrible interior abyss and, to survive this condition, the psychism will structure sophisticated defences against the loss of the meaning of the self and the collapse of the psychic structure with that is seen permanently threatened, which are defined, in our point of view, from three main angles. In a first level of analysis, we could recognise that the traumatic situation for which is not glimpsed none possibility of exit turns out to be for the subject a sign of a reality which cannot be measured, without beginning, middle and end, that is, a definitive and unquestionable existential condition. In a second level, we were led to treat the effects of the affective abandonment, also, in the terms of a phenomenon of self-alienation, since, in the midst of a situation of intolerable suffering, one of the first tendencies evidenced by the psychism is to submerge in a process of trance, similar to an anesthesia, whose result is a state of psychic disorientation able to cease the perception of the evil and, with it, of a good part of the reality. We also consider, in a third level, the fact that, in this condition, the individual tends to situate in himself or herself the origin of the violence which is inflicted upon him or her, purifying the parents and the family of their whole maddening potential and laying it exclusively to himself or herself. These perspectives have been presented for us as concomitant and indissoluble dimensions of the subjective configurations in which can be recognised. From each one of them, we see us in front of different aspects of defensive organizations created against the angst of fragmentation and depersonalization engendered by the deep insecurity about the confiability of the object. In the last part of the research, we try to present possibilities for a work with traumatized patients, from that appear us to be the essential conditions for the symbolization of deep angsts produced by the traumatic situation