Traduit en français en 2017, l’ouvrage séminal de la sociologue Arlie Russell Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983), approfondit le « travail émotionnel », un concept ensuite repris dans plusieurs champs disciplinaires et contextes d’étude, et qui est au coeur des exigences émotionnelles identifiées par Gollac & Bodier (2010) comme un des facteurs de risques psychosociaux (RPS). Haut lieu d’émotions, où l’« extra-ordinaire » (la maladie, la souffrance, la mort) fait partie du quotidien, l’hôpital est un environnement particulier pour effectuer le travail émotionnel. Ce dernier suppose (1) de gérer ses propres émotions, (2) d’afficher ou d’exprimer certaines émotions pour agir sur celles du patient, (3) en se conformant à certaines « règles émotionnelles », (4) dans un cadre pétri d’une charge émotionnelle variable. Cette thèse vise l’approfondissement du concept de travail émotionnel à l’hôpital : sa caractérisation, sa définition ainsi que les leviers d’action organisationnels susceptibles de faciliter sa réalisation et d’agir sur ses conséquences. Le travail de terrain a été mené dans un CHU auprès de médecins, d’infirmières et d’aides-soignantes dans des services de soins, relevant de différentes spécialités médicales (urgences, gériatrie, rééducation, neurologie), et accueillant des patients vulnérables ou dépendants. Il repose sur une production de données combinant entretiens, observation directe / observation participante et analyse de documents internes. Les résultats émergeant du travail empirique éclairent le travail émotionnel hospitalier dans un cadre français, son importance pour le professionnel de santé et pour le patient. Ils mettent en avant plusieurs éléments : la nature des « règles émotionnelles » dominantes, la modulation de leur appropriation par les professionnels de santé, les différences de charge émotionnelle entre services, la « pénibilité émotionnelle », des indices de fatigue de compassion (un concept qui diffère de l’épuisement émotionnel), le rôle du travail émotionnel dans la prise en charge du patient. Les leviers d’action organisationnels soulignés sont multiples. Il s’agit (1) d’assurer un socle commun de connaissances/compétences par des formations ciblées et/ou transversales, de faciliter les possibilités de self-care et (2) d’encourager les pratiques « vertueuses » que sont les dynamiques de soutien social, l’aménagement de moments de coupure, l’instauration des conditions temporelles et matérielles d’une régulation émotionnelle collective et la réaffirmation de la place du patient dans le service. / Translated into French in 2017, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild’s seminal work, The Managed Heart (1983), elaborated the concept of “emotional labor” which has subsequently given rise to studies in several disciplinary fields and contexts and which is central to the emotional demands identified by Gollac & Bodier (2010) as one psychosocial risk factor. As a place rich in emotions where the “extra-ordinary” (illness, suffering and death) is an everyday experience, the hospital is a particular environment for the performance of emotional labor, which involves (1) the management of one’s own emotions, (2) showing or expressing certain emotions in order to influence those of the patient, (3) by following “emotional rules”, all (4) within a context marked by a weight of emotions. This thesis endeavors to offer an in-depth examination of hospital emotional labor: characterizing and defining the concept, as well as discussing the organizational levers that could improve how it might be performed and control its consequences. The fieldwork was carried out in a teaching hospital and concerned doctors, nurses, orderlies / nursing assistants working in departments belonging to different medical specialisations (accident and emergency, geriatrics, rehabilitation, neurology) treating vulnerable or dependent patients. Data production was based on interviews, direct and participant observation and analysis of internal documents. The results of this empirical work shed light on hospital emotional labor in France and its importance for the health professional and the patient. They highlight several elements: the nature of the prevailing “emotional rules”, how (far) they are appropriated by health professionals, how the emotional burden differs between departments, the “emotionally onerous nature of the work”, signs of compassion fatigue (not the same concept as burnout) and the role of emotional labor in patient care. A substantial number of organizational levers are outlined: (1) ensuring common knowledge and skills through targeted or broad-based training, facilitating the opportunities for self-care, (2) encouraging “virtuous” practices consisting in social support dynamics, work breaks, making time and space for collective emotional regulation and reaffirming the place of the patient within the care context.

No description available.

As of 2012, 233,000 Canadians were reported to be living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 2.5% of which were <18 years of age. In Ontario, the incidence of pediatric IBD is ~11.8 per 100,000 population, which is one of the highest rates in the world. Youth with IBD experience numerous health problems secondary to their diagnosis, including poor fitness and lower lean mass. The extent to which youth with IBD can respond to an exercise training program designed to improve fitness remains unknown. The aim of this thesis was to assess the safety, feasibility and physiological efficacy of an exercise training program for youth in remission from IBD. Additionally, we attempted to understand the barriers and facilitators to physical activity in this population. A total of 104 patients were approached to participate in this study, 18 demonstrated interest and 11 consented to participate. Ten youth (nine males, age: 15.4±1.2 years) with IBD completed the study. Participants trained three times per week (2d in lab, 1d at home) for 16 weeks. Training sessions lasted 30 to 60 minutes, and consisted of a customized combination of aerobic and resistance exercises. Fat mass and lean mass were measured via Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Isometric and isokinetic torque of elbow flexion and knee extension were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer system. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and peak mechanical power (Wpeak) were determined using the McMaster All-Out Continuous cycling test. Barriers and facilitators to physical activity were measured via qualitative interviews pre-training. Body composition, muscle strength and aerobic fitness variables were measured at baseline, after 8 weeks, and after 16 weeks of training. Participants completed 89.1±5.2% of lab training sessions and 55.0±26.5% of home training sessions. There were significant increases in whole body lean mass (p<0.001), isokinetic knee extension strength (p<0.05) and Wpeak (p<0.001) over the course of the training program with small, moderate and large effect sizes respectively. All participants were in remission post-training, demonstrated small deviations in features of disease activity and reported no adverse events with training. Participants described similar barriers and facilitators to physical activity, to those of the general public, such as lack of access to facilities and peer support, respectively. Additionally barriers and facilitators unique to individuals with this condition were identified including the physical burden of disease (e.g., episodic abdominal pain) and creating modifications to activities to facilitate accessibility. Our results demonstrate that exercise training in youth in remission from IBD is safe, feasible and has the capacity to counteract a broad range of secondary symptoms such as deficits in lean mass, muscle weakness and aerobic deconditioning. Youth with IBD should be encouraged to exercise on a regular basis. Results from this study will inform the design of a larger, randomized controlled trial. / Thesis / Master of Science in Kinesiology

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This qualitative study focused on the academic experience of first-year students in Québec universities during the COVID-19 confinement. Transitioning to university studies requires a psychosocial adaptation process, which can facilitate the academic experience. With the rise of COVID-19 in March 2020, confinement was mandatory, leaving students to study from home without any social adaptation, which may result in academic challenges. Following the psychosocial adaptation process to university studies and a phenomenological methodology, this research will study which strategies were used by the ten participants to meet the university academic demands in the COVID-19 confinement context, which coping skills were used, and what worked.

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Chronic pain is one of the most common health conditions, affecting nearly six million Canadian adults. Despite abundant research on chronic pain in general, there is limited knowledge on how racialized immigrant women experience living with chronic pain and how this relates to their broader social circumstances. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study is to understand living with chronic disabling pain as situated in and contextualized by the lived experiences of immigrant women residing in Ottawa, Ontario, and to explore the perspectives of the women's care partners as well as physicians providing care for chronic pain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 participants. The dissertation is guided by the social determinants of health framework and an intersectional lens. Four interconnected themes from the data analysis have been generated: (1) The trajectory and meaning of pain; (2) Reasons for pain and triggering factors; (3) Pain consequences; and (4) Coping and control. Findings indicate that chronic pain is a subjective, complex, biopsychosocial, and multidimensional phenomenon. Pain is a deeply personal experience linked with meaning. Results also highlight an association between the distribution of the social determinants of health during the life course and pain. Furthermore, the pain has profound, multidimensional impacts on the women and their families, and its treatment is a challenging task for health care professionals. In addition, the findings show that pain is often poorly recognized, underestimated, and inadequately managed. Finally, the results illustrate the perseverance and incredible resilience of the women and their carers. The findings provide several implications for policy, research, and practice.

No description available.

Implantado em 1994, o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), hoje Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), vem buscando garantir o acesso equânime à saúde a partir de um modelo que tem como princípios básicos: a integralidade, hierarquização, territorialização, equipe multiprofissional e o caráter substitutivo do modelo de assistência à saúde. A tradução destes princípios na prática, nem sempre efetiva, tem sido discutida, principalmente no que diz respeito ao seu caráter substitutivo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo, enquadrado no campo da saúde coletiva, foi realizado junto aos usuários de famílias adscritas a uma equipe rural do PSF de Sacramento/MG. O objetivo foi identificar elementos para sistematizar determinantes do processo de apropriação pela comunidade, sobre o trabalho conjunto de profissionais de saúde, no contexto do atendimento junto ao PSF. Os dados foram obtidos em grupos focais compostos por representantes das famílias de três comunidades rurais microáreas da área de abrangência do PSF Rural. A análise das entrevistas grupais foi processada via identificação de conteúdos ex post facto, agrupados em categorias temáticas, relacionadas ao processo de apropriação do trabalho oferecido pelo PSF. Tais resultados foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico da saúde na comunidade. Quatro categorias temáticas agruparam alguns determinantes ligados ao objetivo do trabalho: A) Disponibilidade, em que foram reunidos os conteúdos sobre a quebra de barreiras para o atendimento e acesso aos serviços prestados, tendo o Rapport como facilitador do vínculo com o usuário. B) Acesso a Recursos, crenças e representações voltadas à avaliação dos elementos necessários à atenção primária à saúde e com a garantia de serviços secundários e terciários. C) Condições Materiais, relacionadas à vulnerabilidade social e processos de anomia frente à manutenção das conquistas, dada à falta de organização e depreciação dos espaços coletivos para promoção da saúde. D) Movimento Social, relacionado à politização/apropriação do trabalho coletivo e à legitimidade do convívio entre a equipe e a comunidade. Considerando as crenças e representações identificadas, observamos que a compreensão da práxis é balizada pela vinculação do trabalho com os componentes históricos, políticos, ideológicos e culturais que a determinam. O enfrentamento do processo saúde-doença pela comunidade aliada à Equipe de Saúde da Família envolve outros elementos além do conhecimento técnico, o que determina uma simetria no vínculo profissional-paciente, viabilizando a construção conjunta das condições do trabalho em saúde. Assim, a sistematização da aprendizagem informal decorrente da atuação conjunta representa uma alternativa à superação do modelo hegemônico em saúde e de reorientação do ensino em saúde no sentido de favorecer a atuação profissional voltada para os aspectos psicossociais do cuidado em saúde. / Established in 1994, the Family Health Program (PSF), today called Familys Health Strategy (ESF), is trying to guarantee an equal access to health through a model that has as basic principles: the integrability, hierarchization, territorialization, multiprofessional group and the substitutive character of health assistance. The translation of these principles in practice, not always effective, has been discussed, especially in what concerns to its substitutive character. In this sense, the present study, comprehended at the field of collective health, was accomplished close to the users of families inscribed on a rural group of the PSF from the city of Sacramento, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The aim was to identify elements to systematize causal factors of the appropriation process by the community, over the joined work of the health area professionals, attending at the Family Health Program (PSF). The data were got in focused groups composed by family representatives from three rural communities microareas from the Rural Family Health Program scope. The analysis of the grouped interviews was processed by ex post facto contents identification, gathered in thematic categories, related to the work appropriation process offered by the Family Health Program. These results were analyzed according to the theoretical reference of health at community. Four thematic categories gathered some determinants joined these work aims: A) Availability, in which were gathered contents about the breaking barriers of attendance and access to health services, having the Rapport as a facilitator of the bond with the user. B) Resource Access, beliefs and representations toward to evaluation of necessary elements to primary health care and with guarantee of secondary and tertiary services. C) Material Conditions, related to social vulnerability and anomie before the maintenance of the conquests, due the absent organization and depreciation of the public spaces of health promotion. D) Social Movement, related to politicization/collective work appropriation and the legitimacy of the relationship between the professional group and the community. Considering the beliefs and representations identified, its observed that the practice comprehension is oriented by the work entailment with historical, political, ideological and cultural components which determine them. The community facing of the health-disease process combined to the Family Health Group involves other elements besides the technical knowledge, what determines an entailed symmetry between the professional and the patient, making feasible the conjunct construction of the work in health conditions. Thus, the informal learning systematization resulting from the conjunct labor represents an alternative to the overcome of the health hegemonic model and reorientation of the health teaching in the sense of facilitate the professional actuation faces to psychosocial aspects of the health care.

With the number of Asian immigrants continually increasing in New Zealand society, Asian immigrant businesses have been appearing more rapidly in New Zealand, particularly in Auckland. The primary purpose of this study is to enquire into why a certain Asian immigrant group become business people after migrating to Auckland, New Zealand. In addition, it investigates the level of their business activity and the level of happiness with their new life in New Zealand. This study examines the growing phenomenon of Asian immigrants, and the entrepreneurship rate of ethnic groups through existing statistics. The study focuses on Korean immigrants. Twenty self-employed Koreans who are running a business in Auckland participated in the study. They were invited to talk about why they became self-employed business people and related matters about their business activity. The study found that Korean immigrants chose self-employment as a means of getting a job. They gave up seeking mainstream employment opportunities due to the language barrier and their inability to cope with a new society and new system. Other fundamental factors in their decision to become entrepreneurs were that firstly, they were willing to invest a considerable amount of their own money and secondly, they preferred to participate in the workforce rather than to depend on the New Zealand welfare system. Based on the information acquired through the research, the study reported that the recently increased numbers of Asian businesses are partly attributable to New Zealand business immigration policy which introduced a new business category – Long Term Business Visa (LTBV). The findings from this research pointed to commitment that immigrant businesses contribute to the New Zealand economy and New Zealand society as taxpayers and potential employers.