O presente estudo teve por objetivo explorar os diferentes estilos de conversa interna (CI) ou reflexividade, definidos como comunicativo, autônomo, metarreflexivo, e fraturado. Os autorrelatos da experiência da conversa interna foram obtidos por entrevistas com sete mulheres e três homens, de formações e ocupações diversificadas, com idade variando entre 24 e 63 anos. Os relatos foram analisados e interpretados de acordo com a orientação fenomenológica. A descrição focalizou a apreensão do fenômeno em uma estrutura simples e básica de um agente primário (capacitações cognitivas gerais e compartilhadas): quando ocorre, como se realiza, sobre quais conteúdos, para que serve e em que ajuda. A redução apontou três especificações de um agente corporativo (organizado e articulado): 1) quanto à experiência em si (comum, natural, habitual); 2) quanto à generalidade e à normalidade (não seria coisa de louco)? e 3) quanto à forma (se metódica e organizada; se espontânea e quase inconsciente). Interpretou-se que os modos de reflexividade, enquanto traslados qualitativos interculturais e atemporais sustentam-se em sua replicabilidade, com possíveis variações em implementações, preferências e manifestações. / This study intended to explore the different styles of internal conversation (IC) or reflexivity, defined as communicative, autonomous, meta-reflexive, and fractured. The self-reported experiences of internal conversation were obtained by interviewing seven women and three men of diverse backgrounds and occupations, aged between 24 and 63 years. The self-reported experiences were analyzed and interpreted in accordance with the phenomenological orientation. The description focused on understanding the phenomenon in a simple and basic structure of a primary agent (general and shared thinking skills): when it happens, how it happens, what are its contents, what purpose it serves and in which way it is helpful. The reduction pointed to three specifications of a corporate agent (organized and articulated): 1) in regards to the experience itself (common, natural, habitual); 2) whether it is general and normal (isn’t it something crazy?), and 3) regarding its form (is it methodical and organized or spontaneous and almost unconscious?). It was inferred from this study that the styles of reflexivity, while having inter-cultural and timeless qualities, are sustained in their universality, with possible variations in implementations, preferences and manifestations.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo explorar os diferentes estilos de conversa interna (CI) ou reflexividade, definidos como comunicativo, autônomo, metarreflexivo, e fraturado. Os autorrelatos da experiência da conversa interna foram obtidos por entrevistas com sete mulheres e três homens, de formações e ocupações diversificadas, com idade variando entre 24 e 63 anos. Os relatos foram analisados e interpretados de acordo com a orientação fenomenológica. A descrição focalizou a apreensão do fenômeno em uma estrutura simples e básica de um agente primário (capacitações cognitivas gerais e compartilhadas): quando ocorre, como se realiza, sobre quais conteúdos, para que serve e em que ajuda. A redução apontou três especificações de um agente corporativo (organizado e articulado): 1) quanto à experiência em si (comum, natural, habitual); 2) quanto à generalidade e à normalidade (não seria coisa de louco)? e 3) quanto à forma (se metódica e organizada; se espontânea e quase inconsciente). Interpretou-se que os modos de reflexividade, enquanto traslados qualitativos interculturais e atemporais sustentam-se em sua replicabilidade, com possíveis variações em implementações, preferências e manifestações. / This study intended to explore the different styles of internal conversation (IC) or reflexivity, defined as communicative, autonomous, meta-reflexive, and fractured. The self-reported experiences of internal conversation were obtained by interviewing seven women and three men of diverse backgrounds and occupations, aged between 24 and 63 years. The self-reported experiences were analyzed and interpreted in accordance with the phenomenological orientation. The description focused on understanding the phenomenon in a simple and basic structure of a primary agent (general and shared thinking skills): when it happens, how it happens, what are its contents, what purpose it serves and in which way it is helpful. The reduction pointed to three specifications of a corporate agent (organized and articulated): 1) in regards to the experience itself (common, natural, habitual); 2) whether it is general and normal (isn’t it something crazy?), and 3) regarding its form (is it methodical and organized or spontaneous and almost unconscious?). It was inferred from this study that the styles of reflexivity, while having inter-cultural and timeless qualities, are sustained in their universality, with possible variations in implementations, preferences and manifestations.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo explorar os diferentes estilos de conversa interna (CI) ou reflexividade, definidos como comunicativo, autônomo, metarreflexivo, e fraturado. Os autorrelatos da experiência da conversa interna foram obtidos por entrevistas com sete mulheres e três homens, de formações e ocupações diversificadas, com idade variando entre 24 e 63 anos. Os relatos foram analisados e interpretados de acordo com a orientação fenomenológica. A descrição focalizou a apreensão do fenômeno em uma estrutura simples e básica de um agente primário (capacitações cognitivas gerais e compartilhadas): quando ocorre, como se realiza, sobre quais conteúdos, para que serve e em que ajuda. A redução apontou três especificações de um agente corporativo (organizado e articulado): 1) quanto à experiência em si (comum, natural, habitual); 2) quanto à generalidade e à normalidade (não seria coisa de louco)? e 3) quanto à forma (se metódica e organizada; se espontânea e quase inconsciente). Interpretou-se que os modos de reflexividade, enquanto traslados qualitativos interculturais e atemporais sustentam-se em sua replicabilidade, com possíveis variações em implementações, preferências e manifestações. / This study intended to explore the different styles of internal conversation (IC) or reflexivity, defined as communicative, autonomous, meta-reflexive, and fractured. The self-reported experiences of internal conversation were obtained by interviewing seven women and three men of diverse backgrounds and occupations, aged between 24 and 63 years. The self-reported experiences were analyzed and interpreted in accordance with the phenomenological orientation. The description focused on understanding the phenomenon in a simple and basic structure of a primary agent (general and shared thinking skills): when it happens, how it happens, what are its contents, what purpose it serves and in which way it is helpful. The reduction pointed to three specifications of a corporate agent (organized and articulated): 1) in regards to the experience itself (common, natural, habitual); 2) whether it is general and normal (isn’t it something crazy?), and 3) regarding its form (is it methodical and organized or spontaneous and almost unconscious?). It was inferred from this study that the styles of reflexivity, while having inter-cultural and timeless qualities, are sustained in their universality, with possible variations in implementations, preferences and manifestations.

<p>Utilizing autoethnography and thematic analysis, this thesis explores reflexivity and social work praxis. Specifically, it illuminates the phenomenon of reflexivity and its related themes; reflexivity’s multiple meanings, challenges and enabling factors, its link to internal processes, rationale for usage and timeliness of inquiry. The multiple ways that practitioners engage in reflexive inquiry was revealed through dyadic interviews. However, current literature does not reflect this and the breadth and scope of reflexive inquiry is lost within contemporary social work discourse. Therefore, this thesis puts forth multiple definitions of reflexivity, which broaden the scope of reflexive inquiry, contextualize its usage and highlight its indications. The first group of definitions, efficacious, exigent and entrenched reflexivity are defined in terms of four key components; the reflexivity’s focus and center, what the reflexivity seeks and the degree to which reflexivity is utilized as a tool of practice. These definitions shed light on the varying depths of reflexive inquiry. The next group of definitions, extant and revenant reflexivity can serve to highlight to the worker when an experience needs to be reflected upon. The final group of definitions, polycentric and monocentric reflexivity, identify the context in which reflexivity takes place, namely communally or in isolation. The impetus for disseminating these broadened definitions is my belief that their incorporation into contemporary social work discourse and utilization as a required tool of practice will further promote the integration and support of the dual existences of the professional and personal selves; that their procurement into practitioner pedagogy will lead to dedicated space within the practice setting that enables one to be an emotional being, complete with emotional realities while simultaneously coexisting as a social worker, complete with social work related realities. I believe this will result in increased efficiency and productivity to serve and care for our clients, as well as increased worker health and well-being, to serve and care for ourselves.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)

The main objective of this thesis is to describe category of reflexivity in Czech language based on Russian language material, followed by design and formation of language handbook to category of reflexivity for foreign students of Czech language for A1 - B2 levels in accordance with Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR). In the theoretical part individual aspects in category of reflexivity in Czech language are described. Mainly reflexive form of verbs, reflexive deagentive forms and reflexive verbs. The proposal of our own clasification category of reflexivity comes after and it incorporates explored material, which is systemized for design and formation of educational materials. The main target of the practical part is to design and form language handbook to category of reflexivity in Czech language. After the analysis of current educational materials we realized category of reflexivity is not taken in consideration enough, sometimes it is missing at all. In the process of creation of the educational material itself we followed the current methodological base CEFR for Czech language as foreign language. We defined grammar and lexical competences for individual A1, A2, B1, B2 levels in accordance with CEFR. Based on all above rules four...

Cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer une approche renouvelée des verbes russes en –sja (Vsja), improprement qualifiés de « réfléchis ». Les approches existantes peinent à rendre compte des valeurs multiples et contradictoires que peuvent assumer ces verbes et notamment de celles ne pouvant en aucun cas relever de la réfléxivité stricto sensu.Le modèle proposé s’inscrit dans la théorie des opérations énonciatives (TOE) et unifie toutes les valeurs de Vsja. Tout d’abord, la comparaison de –sja, sebjá et de la particule atone sebe a permis de mieux dessiner les spécificités de Vsja. Puis l’analyse des faits diachroniques a permis de rappeler le lien ancien qui, en slave, unit –sja à la valeur de la voix moyenne. Cependant, –sja, en synchronie, ne peut être considéré comme un opérateur de voix notamment parce que certains emplois de Vsja (kusat’sja, par exemple) n’entraînent aucun changement de voix ou de diathèse. Dans notre modèle, –sja est la trace d’une opération énonciative visant à centraliser une relation – et une seule – entre Vsja et un autre actant de l’énoncé, qui n’est pas forcément le sujet grammatical, mais sans exclure obligatoirement la relation au second actant dans le cas des phrases biactancielles. Celle-ci est seulement périphérisée et, selon le sémantisme de Vsja et des actants en présence, peut/doit être maintenue ou exclue. Et si cette centralisation, qui intervient juste après l’opération d’instanciation, engendre, sur le plan sémantique, des effets de sens de type voix moyenne, ce modèle permet surtout d’envisager Vsja en dehors du système des voix verbales, tout comme il permet de résoudre l’ensemble des contradictions apparentes entre les différentes valeurs de Vsja. / The aim of this study is to propose a new approach to –sja verbs in Russian, improperly described as “reflexive”. The existing models fail to account for all the various and sometimes contradictory values assumed by –sja verbs, in particular for those Vsja which cannot be considered as having a “reflexive” meaning.The proposed model lies within the framework of the Théorie des opérations énonciatives (TOE) and unifies all the values of –sja verbs. The comparison between –sja, sebjá and the atonic particle sebe helped to understand the specificity of –sja. Then a short analysis of diachronical facts enabled us to stress the historical link in Slavic between –sja and the middle voice. Nevertheless, the marker cannot be considered synchronically as a “voice operator” notably because certain Vsja (e. g. kusat’sja) do not present a voice or diathesis shift. In our model, –sja is the sign of an enunciative operation whose aim is to centralize the relation between Vsja and one actant only, that is not necessarily the grammatical subject, and resulting in the other relation being simply peripheralized. Such an approach allows to solve all the apparent contradictions within the so-called Russian “reflexive” verbs and allows also to envisage Vsja outside the system of the verbal voices.

Popular discourses and current government policy focus on the need for individuals and families to make healthy food choices, without acknowledging the social and cultural milieu in which these are embedded. A neo-liberal focus on responsible individualism is part of a middle class habitus that ensures foodwork and foodplay are located within distinct heteronormative cultural fields. In my thesis I explore narratives from seventy-five mainly middle class respondents who engaged in a series of asynchronous online interviews over nine months beginning in November 2010. The themes that emerged aligned with public policy debates on the family, healthy eating, eating disorders, ‘fat’ bodies and elite foodways. Hence, feeding the family ‘healthy’ meals ‘prepared from scratch’ was considered a means of acquiring social, symbolic and cultural capital. ‘Fat’ talk and ‘lipoliteracy’ or learning to read the body were ways of performing femininity, whilst elite foodways were utilised as forms of hegemonic masculinities. Hence, in a challenge to the individualisation thesis my research demonstrates the complexity of food relationships beyond individual consumer choice. Throughout I adopt an auto/biographical approach that stresses the interconnectedness of biography and autobiography, focuses on researcher reflexivity and is sensitive to respondent subjectivities. Respondents used a common vocabulary of individuality, whilst simultaneously embedding themselves in family and kinship relations. Indeed, family, gender, and class, were the means of anchorage in a sea of remembering that engendered a sense of ontological security. Foodways are, thus, part of a habitus that is gendered, classed, temporal and historical. Women in the study conformed to cultural scripts of heteronormative femininity, whilst men resorted to hegemonic masculinities to distance themselves from feminised foodways and care work. These identities were not part of a negotiated family model, but located in cultural fields that reinforced and naturalised gendered divisions, they were bound by gender and class.

Changes in society are often discussed on an aggregated level and it is argued that society is changing from a modern industrial society to a post-industrial society. Through studying changes on a local level it is possible to study the complexity and variations of the general and aggregated theories of societal changes, and place changes in a context of time and place. The main object of this study is to analyse change in a locality. The study is a case study which studies Halmstad, a municipality on the west coast of Sweden, between the years of 1968 and 2006. The empirical material consists of analysis of demographic statistics and labour market statistics, using official statistical databases. The empirical material also consists of an analysis of official and historical documents as well as interviews with persons active in Halmstad. Three time periods are identified in the analyses which are characterised by different patterns in the population. The periods are also characterised by changes in the labour market and the employment of the population. These changes are analysed through the interplay between actors in the locality and actors and influences from outside the locality. Through the analysis of reflexivity it is shown how change and stability are interrelated through the interplay between the new and existing or innovation and tradition. / Förändringar i samhället diskuteras ofta på en aggregerad nivå där det argumenteras för att samhället förändras från ett modernt industrisamhälle till ett postindustriellt samhälle. Genom att studera samhället på en lokal nivå är det möjligt att studera komplexitet och variationer av de aggregerade teorierna kring samhällsförändring, det vill säga studera förändring i ett kontext av tid och plats. Utgångspunkten i denna studie är att analysera förändring i ett lokalsamhälle. Studien är en fallstudie av Halmstad, en kommun på Sveriges västkust, mellan åren 1968 och 2006. Det empiriska materialet består av analyser av demografisk statistik och arbetsmarknadsstatistik där offentlig statistik har används. Dessutom har analyser av officiella och historiska dokument samt intervjuer med personer aktiva i Halmstad gjorts. Tre tidsperioder identifieras i analysen, vilka karaktäriseras av olika mönster i befolkningen. Perioderna karaktäriseras även av förändringar på arbetsmarknaden och i befolkningens sysselsättning. Dessa förändringar analyseras genom samspelet mellan aktörer i lokalsamhället och aktörer och influenser som kommer utifrån. Genom analyser av reflexivitet visas hur förändring och stabilitet influeras av samspelet mellan det nya och det existerande, eller innovation och tradition.

Nature of the inquiry: My research inquiry investigated how qualities of personal interaction shape and affect the promotion of research utilisation for quality improvement in the US healthcare sector. The research investigated my own professional practice of consulting, teaching, and research regarding the improvement of healthcare practices and outcomes. Efforts to improve the quality of healthcare services are often difficult to realise and sustain. The quality improvement movement in the USA and elsewhere has not conducted much self-examination of its own processes for sources of these perennially problematic results. Relevance: The quality of healthcare services can be readily understood as having consequences of life or death, wellness or suffering. Healthcare expenditures in the USA are estimated at 16% of GDP and over 9% in the UK. Improving healthcare quality improvement efforts is a matter of profound human and social significance. Approach: The DMan research methodology is a reflexively aware process conducted as a cohort and as small learning groups of researchers during the three-year programme. The research inquiry used the complex responsive process of relating theory of learning as emergent changes of meaning or, equivalently, knowledge. As a social science of qualities, it uses the qualities of human interaction as the unit of analysis. The research utilised an interdisciplinary approach drawing upon: healthcare quality improvement literature; organizational discourse studies; research on strategy as practice; performance management; communications theories; the theory of mindful learning; interpersonal neurobiology; figurational sociology; and American pragmatist philosophy. The methodology employs a mindful reflexivity research strategy related to concepts from mindful learning and social neuroscience literature. Central methods included iterative peer and supervisor debriefing and iterative reflexive narrative practice. Findings: A contribution is made to the healthcare literature by describing how ordinary qualities of social coordination dynamics affect the promoters of healthcare research, not just potential users of research. A contribution is made to professional practice by providing a new perspective from which to analyse the sources of performance challenges prevalent in healthcare quality improvement efforts. The research findings indicate how applications of substantial organisational and social resources to promote research utilisation in the US health sector can be co-opted and dissipated away from ostensive substantive objectives. This occurs by research promoters‟ organizational discourse efforts to favourably shape power relating and other qualities of interaction of improvement initiatives. These efforts restrict the emergence of learning about the promoted changes.

My research focuses on the experience of policy development and implementation. It draws on my involvement in a government policy taskforce, the development of an organisation’s strategy to the taskforce’s recommendations and the commissioning of frontline services. The research material is my personal experience contained in a number of narrative accounts of important happenings. These are then used as a basis to engage with literature and conversation with practitioners, academics and fellow researchers. It is from this iterative process that the argument develops. The approach is therefore qualitative and reflexive in nature. I have argued against the traditional separation between the content of research and methodology. This is on the basis that human experience does not distinguish between the two as we make sense of new emerging situations. The research has been heavily influenced by analogies drawn from complexity sciences as a way of increasing our understanding of ongoing human interaction, namely complex responsive processes of relating (Stacey et al, 2000). By paying careful attention to the experience of policy development and implementation over an extended period of time I am illuminating that the development of policy can often be seen in literature and in the techniques people use as an activity that is isolated from the work of frontline staff. For example, a policy group is formed, policy or a strategy is drafted and the work is then seen to be done. This can be demonstrated by paying attention to the modus operandi of how policy and strategy groups work and how performance criteria are established. When it comes to frontline practice, policy is often silent to the multitude of unfolding interconnected possibilities that present themselves to practitioners as they seek to go about their activities. The way that policy is often presented implies that there is linearity from policy to implementation. Drawing on Elias’s notion of Involvement and Detachment (1987) I am highlighting a paradoxical relationship between policy and implementation. In introducing the notion of paradox, there is a “vitality” that is required to prevent a collapse to one of the two ends of a continuum; for example a conscious or unconscious rejection of policy in favour of embracing frontline practice, or an over reliance on policy to blindly drive through organisational change. In spending three years looking at the policy and implementation I argue that it is more helpful to consider policy and implementation as a “flow”, rather than a series of discrete activities that are seen to be completed before moving to the next policy area. In looking at policy as something that occurs over a span of time (as opposed to an isolated bounded activity) there is an opportunity to prevent the collapse of the paradox outlined above. By accepting the concept of paradox and considering policy from a temporal perspective, rather than one that is a spatially bound system, the issue of policymaking practice can be considered. There are books and management experts that recommend that managers should “walk the walk”, and get closer to frontline activity. My research has sought to add clarity here, arguing for an experiential and temporal form of reflexivity of practice (as opposed to reflective practice). In this context working and being present with frontline practitioners, paying very careful attention to the experience of the unfolding contingent nature of activity influences the practice of policy making. This is a different experience from simply being present, and being seen to be present. It would be ironic for my research to be converted into a policy document with key elements extracted and condensed into bullet points to be applied like a rule. Instead my research is best kept alive in evoking stories and reminiscences between people as they make sense of their experience of policymaking and implementation together.