The aim of this paper is to investigate if a revaluation of the Chinese renminbi is in China’s interest and whether or not a renminbi revaluation can contribute to correct the US current account deficit. For that purpose, advantages and disadvantages of a revaluation for China are discussed. Furthermore, the fundamental causes of the US current account deficit are analysed to evaluate to what extent a renminbi revaluation can correct this imbalance. The discussion is based on previous research in this area. The main result is that a revaluation of the Chinese renminbi is primarily beneficial for China. Additionally it is found that the fundamental causes of the US current account deficit are domestic macroeconomic conditions and not China’s exchange rate policy. Nevertheless, a renminbi revaluation can help to support to correct the imbalance situation. As evidence is found that a revaluation is beneficial for China, it is further analysed how the revaluation should be practically obtained. The basic result is that the renminbi revaluation should be initiated by more exchange rate flexibility rather than by a one-step appreciation.

Research has shown that detecting and judging causal relationships requires associative learning and memory. Retrospective revaluation of causal cues requires associative memory (Aitken, Larkin, & Dickinson, 2001) to bind multiple cues together and use these associations to retrieve unseen cues for revaluation of their associative value. The difficulty that older adults experience with respect to retrospective revaluation could occur because of their deficit in associative binding and retrieval (Mutter, Atchley, & Plumlee, 2012). Like retrospective revaluation, blocking requires cue – outcome associative learning, but unlike retrospective revaluation, blocking does not require binding two cues together nor does it require using the resulting association between these cues for retrieval. Older adults display no deficit in blocking (Hannah, Allan, & Young, 2012; Holder & Mutter, in submission). To assess the effects of aging on associative learning and memory in causal judgment, this study examined age effects in retrospective revaluation and blocking using an allergy scenario in a streamed-trial task (Hannah, Crump, Allan, & Siegel, 2009; Hannah et al., 2012). This study found that older and younger adults both displayed blocking effects, which supports past research. Additionally, it was found that older and younger adults displayed retrospective revaluation in working memory. The ability for older adults to display retrospective revaluation in working memory is a new finding. It suggests that there may be a decrement in associative long-term memory, but associative processes in working memory may be intact.

Retrospective revaluation— learning about implied but unpresented cues— poses one of the greatest challenges to classical learning theories. Whereas theorists have revised their models to accommodate revaluation, the empirical reliability of the phenomenon remains contentious. I present two sets of experiments that examine revaluative learning under different but analogous experimental protocols. Results provided mixed empirical evidence that is difficult to interpret in isolation. To address the issue, I apply two computational models to the experiments. An instance-based model of associative learning (Jamieson et al., 2012) predicts retrospective revaluation and anticipates participant behaviour in one set of experiments. An updated classical learning model (Ghirlanda, 2005) fails to predict retrospective revaluation, but anticipates participant behaviour in the other set of experiments. I argue that retrospective revaluation emerges as a corollary of basic memorial processes and discuss the empirical and theoretical implications.

Retrospective revaluation— learning about implied but unpresented cues— poses one of the greatest challenges to classical learning theories. Whereas theorists have revised their models to accommodate revaluation, the empirical reliability of the phenomenon remains contentious. I present two sets of experiments that examine revaluative learning under different but analogous experimental protocols. Results provided mixed empirical evidence that is difficult to interpret in isolation. To address the issue, I apply two computational models to the experiments. An instance-based model of associative learning (Jamieson et al., 2012) predicts retrospective revaluation and anticipates participant behaviour in one set of experiments. An updated classical learning model (Ghirlanda, 2005) fails to predict retrospective revaluation, but anticipates participant behaviour in the other set of experiments. I argue that retrospective revaluation emerges as a corollary of basic memorial processes and discuss the empirical and theoretical implications.

<p>The aim of this paper is to investigate if a revaluation of the Chinese renminbi is in China’s interest and whether or not a renminbi revaluation can contribute to correct the US current account deficit. For that purpose, advantages and disadvantages of a revaluation for China are discussed. Furthermore, the fundamental causes of the US current account deficit are analysed to evaluate to what extent a renminbi revaluation can correct this imbalance. The discussion is based on previous research in this area. The main result is that a revaluation of the Chinese renminbi is primarily beneficial for China. Additionally it is found that the fundamental causes of the US current account deficit are domestic macroeconomic conditions and not China’s exchange rate policy. Nevertheless, a renminbi revaluation can help to support to correct the imbalance situation. As evidence is found that a revaluation is beneficial for China, it is further analysed how the revaluation should be practically obtained. The basic result is that the renminbi revaluation should be initiated by more exchange rate flexibility rather than by a one-step appreciation.</p>

ALVES, Cícero Everardo de Oliveira. Sobre a crítica da moral e a transvaloração dos valores segundo Friedrich Nietzsche. 2015. 78f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-23T11:58:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ceoalves.pdf: 818126 bytes, checksum: b239a617f485dfa40ea9b937bd9db5d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T12:15:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ceoalves.pdf: 818126 bytes, checksum: b239a617f485dfa40ea9b937bd9db5d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T12:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ceoalves.pdf: 818126 bytes, checksum: b239a617f485dfa40ea9b937bd9db5d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The general purpose of this research is to expose the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche about the notion of value in order to present his critique to the foundations of traditional morality, and consequently understand what are the determinations that constitute the project that this philosopher designated as revaluation of all values. In this trajectory, we question according to the Nietzschean thought the way that the moral values become accepted, as the ones have historically been instituted and what underlies as a foundation in order to clarify that the criticism of moral values is directlyrelated to the notion of value. From this, the research undertakes an analysis of the elements of his critique to the modern culture, seeking an understanding of the factors that possibly entail a loss of existence meaning. We are going to discuss the notions that Nietzsche had used in his efforts to solve the aporias originated both from pessimism problematic as asceticism, both of them rooted in the spirit of the modern man. In this research, you will the way this philosopher reflects on the overcoming of assumptions that express ideals of perhaps decadent nature and which encourage also the animal man belittlement. Indeed, a debate about the revaluation project of all values there would not be to dodge from these issues, rather the understanding of such minutiae are taken as greater scope, since through the articulation of these elements we shall know how the project mentioned above not only makes up Nietzsche's critique to the morality, but ended by being characterized as truly decisive moment of his philosophical production. / O propósito geral da presente pesquisa consiste em expor a reflexão de Friedrich Nietzsche a respeito da noção de valor, tendo em vista apresentar a sua crítica às bases da moralidade tradicional, e consequentemente compreender quais seriam as determinações que constituem o projeto que este filósofo designou como transvaloração de todos os valores. Nesse percurso, questionamos de acordo com o pensamento nietzschiano o modo como os valores morais se tornam aceitos, como estes foram historicamente instituídos e o que os subjaz como fundamento, de forma a explicitar que a crítica aos valores morais está diretamente relacionada à noção de valor. A partir disso, a pesquisa empreende uma análise dos elementos que compõem sua crítica à cultura moderna, buscando evidenciar os fatores que findariam por acarretar uma perda de sentido da existência. Analisando sua compreensão acerca do fenômeno do niilismo, buscaremos analisar quais elementos Nietzsche utiliza na tentativa de apresentar aquela que seria a resolução das aporias oriundas dos problemas do pessimismo e do ascetismo, ambos enraizados no espírito do homem moderno. Desse modo, a superação das premissas que apregoam ideais de cunho possivelmente decadente e que fomentam o apequenamento do animal homem constituem uma série de questões pelas quais a presente pesquisa intenciona discorrer. Com efeito, um debate acerca do projeto de transvaloração de todos os valores não haveria de se esquivar de tais questões, ao contrário, a compreensão de tais minúcias são tomadas como escopo maior, uma vez que através da articulação de tais elementos haveremos de saber como o projeto dito acima não somente compõe a crítica de Nietzsche à moral, mas finda por se caracterizar como instante verdadeiramente decisivo da sua produção filosófica.

[pt] A dissertação trata da idéia de gênio desenvolvida por Nietzsche e sua relação com a tradição filosófica - principalmente Kant, o Romantismo alemão e Schopenhauer. Mostramos como Nietzsche modifica o conceito cunhado pela tradição e inova sua significação. A idéia de gênio em Nietzsche pode ser compreendida em dois momentos. O primeiro é o que aparece no livro O Nascimento da Tragédia, onde o gênio possui um caráter sobre-humano capaz de revelar uma verdade fundamental, por meio da arte. No segundo momento arte e vida não mais se diferenciam. Nietzsche aproximará tal noção de gênio à vida, se afastando da concepção forjada pela dita tradição filosófica, onde o conceito de gênio designa um talento inato, e nada pode ser feito para despertar este talento. Procuramos mostrar que Nietzsche parece falar antes da dificuldade da formação de um indivíduo autêntico do que da impossibilidade total desta tarefa, visto que, a partir da constatação da não essencialidade dos valores, certos homens podem criar e também se tornar gênios. Nietzsche parece propor um certo ensinamento de como se tornar um indivíduo autêntico, capaz de criar seus próprios valores e afirmar a vida, apesar de toda sua falta de sentido. Assim, o ensinamento é paralelo ao desenvolvimento de suas reflexões sobre o gênio, que tem na capacidade criativa sua principal característica. / [en] This dissertation is about the idea of genius developed by Nietzsche in its relation to Kant, German Romantism and Schopenhauer. These show how Nietzsche modifies the concept shaped by tradition and innovates the current signification. The idea of genius in Nietzsche may be understood in two moments. The first one appears in The Birth of Tragedy, where the genius had an extra-human character that can reveal a fundamental truth by art. In the second moment Nietzsche shows the similiarities between art and life. Nietzsche approximated the notion of genius with the notion of life. He takes distance of the conception shaped by philosophical tradition, where the concept of genius means an innate talent and nothing can make this talent appear. We tried to show that Nietzsche speaks about the difficulty for the development of an authentic individual, instead of the impossibility of this task. After the evidence that the values don t have any essence in itself, some individuals can create and become genius. Nietzsche seems to propose a certainly education to be an authentic individual, able to create his own values and enhance life, although its non-sense. Therefore, this education is parallel of the development of his reflections about genius, who have in creative capacity his major characteristic.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 765592 bytes, checksum: 5fdd9096da3976a73b2ceb6cbfb1aa45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this thesis, an analysis of the problem of resentment in Nietzsche's thought from his criticism of the Socratic - Platonic philosophy of inspiration and the Judeo-Christian tradition is held. Firstly, we sought to understand the genealogic point of view adopted by the philosopher in his "Genealogy of morals", in which the author makes an assessment as to how " good and bad " values, created by a morality of lords, were transmuted into "good and bad", by the morality of slaves. According to Nietzsche, all values - imposed by tradition - are nothing more than a result of a revaluation of noble values - which come from a free and strong people - to a culture of weak and decadent men, which is woven by a sick and slave morality. A metaphysical moral that eventually would give to the weak a meaning for life and for his suffering. Thus, guided by his estimate, we try to show that, in Nietzsche, the resentment takes a key place in the history of the emergence of a particular form of valuation, namely, slave. Were also considered, the genesis of the moral values and how happened their revaluation through traditional thinking. Was indicated, therefore, the main elements of Nietzsche's critique to metaphysics and religion, as sources that form values. It was also found, how the problems raised by Nietzsche's reflection revealed up to date, especially those concerning the relations resentment. / Nesta dissertação, é realizada uma análise do problema do ressentimento no pensamento de Nietzsche a partir de sua crítica à filosofia de inspiração socrático-platônica e à tradição judaico-cristã. Primeiramente, buscou-se a compreensão do ponto de vista genealógico adotado pelo filósofo em sua Genealogia da moral , no qual o autor faz uma avaliação acerca de como os valores bom e ruim , criados por uma moral dos senhores, foram transmutados em bom e mau , simultaneamente, pela moral dos escravos. De acordo com Nietzsche, todos os valores instituídos pela tradição , nada mais são do que consequência de uma transvaloração de valores nobres os quais são provenientes de um povo livre e forte , para uma cultura de homens fracos e decadentes, a qual é tecida por uma moral escrava e doente. Uma moral metafísica que, por fim daria, ao fraco, um sentido para a vida e para o seu sofrer. Dessa forma, pautados em sua estimativa, tentamos mostrar que, em Nietzsche, o ressentimento toma um lugar essencial na história da emergência de uma determinada forma de valoração, a saber, escrava. Foram abordados, também, a gênese dos valores morais e o modo como se deu a sua transvaloração pelo pensamento tradicional. Indicou-se, pois, os principais elementos da crítica de Nietzsche à metafísica e à religião, enquanto fontes constituidoras de valores. Verificaram-se, ainda, como os problemas suscitados pela reflexão nietzschiana revelam-se atuais, notadamente os relacionados ao ressentimento.

Submitted by Onia Arantes Albuquerque (onia.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-11-01T15:07:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco José Porfírio Neto - 2018.pdf: 1221286 bytes, checksum: e5893cb7aa7de9bc21c5ead17f69fb2d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-01T15:45:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco José Porfírio Neto - 2018.pdf: 1221286 bytes, checksum: e5893cb7aa7de9bc21c5ead17f69fb2d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-01T15:45:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco José Porfírio Neto - 2018.pdf: 1221286 bytes, checksum: e5893cb7aa7de9bc21c5ead17f69fb2d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this text is to analyze the notions of revaluation of moral values and superman in the work of maturity of Friedrich Nietzsche, with a hypothesis that there is a relation between these two concepts, We deal with themes that form part of the scene that composes Nietzsche's work, especially the notions of value, nihilism and the inversion of moral values. We have done a survey of the occurrences of the keywords of this work to expose, from each book, how Nietzsche understands the superman and how he understands the notion of revaluation of values at different moments of his writing. With this, we pointed out in the section of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, titled On Old and New Tables of Value, the connection between the concepts of superman and the revaluation of values. / O objetivo deste trabalho é tecer uma análise sobre as noções de transvaloração dos valores morais e além-do-homem na obra de maturidade de Friedrich Nietzsche, partido da hipótese de que há uma relação entre estes dois conceitos. Abordamos temas que fazem parte, de maneira geral, do cenário que compõe a obra de Nietzsche, em especial as noções de valor, de niilismo e de inversão dos valores morais. Fizemos um levantamento das ocorrências das palavras-chave deste trabalho para expor, a partir de cada obra, o modo como Nietzsche entende o além-do-homem e o modo como ele entende a noção de transvaloração dos valores em diferentes momentos de sua escrita. Com isso, apontamos na seção de Assim Falou Zaratustra intitulada De velhas e novas tábuas de valor, a conexão entre os conceitos de além-do-homem e transvaloração dos valores.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O propÃsito geral da presente pesquisa consiste em expor a reflexÃo de Friedrich Nietzsche a respeito da noÃÃo de valor, tendo em vista apresentar a sua crÃtica Ãs bases da moralidade tradicional, e consequentemente compreender quais seriam as determinaÃÃes que constituem o projeto que este filÃsofo designou como transvaloraÃÃo de todos os valores. Nesse percurso, questionamos de acordo com o pensamento nietzschiano o modo como os valores morais se tornam aceitos, como estes foram historicamente instituÃdos e o que os subjaz como fundamento, de forma a explicitar que a crÃtica aos valores morais està diretamente relacionada à noÃÃo de valor. A partir disso, a pesquisa empreende uma anÃlise dos elementos que compÃem sua crÃtica à cultura moderna, buscando evidenciar os fatores que findariam por acarretar uma perda de sentido da existÃncia. Analisando sua compreensÃo acerca do fenÃmeno do niilismo, buscaremos analisar quais elementos Nietzsche utiliza na tentativa de apresentar aquela que seria a resoluÃÃo das aporias oriundas dos problemas do pessimismo e do ascetismo, ambos enraizados no espÃrito do homem moderno. Desse modo, a superaÃÃo das premissas que apregoam ideais de cunho possivelmente decadente e que fomentam o apequenamento do animal homem constituem uma sÃrie de questÃes pelas quais a presente pesquisa intenciona discorrer. Com efeito, um debate acerca do projeto de transvaloraÃÃo de todos os valores nÃo haveria de se esquivar de tais questÃes, ao contrÃrio, a compreensÃo de tais minÃcias sÃo tomadas como escopo maior, uma vez que atravÃs da articulaÃÃo de tais elementos haveremos de saber como o projeto dito acima nÃo somente compÃe a crÃtica de Nietzsche à moral, mas finda por se caracterizar como instante verdadeiramente decisivo da sua produÃÃo filosÃfica.