The purpose of the study was to investigate if there was a difference in the experience of employer attractiveness and experience of recruitment process, based on whether the respondent had received employment or not at the selected organization. The purpose was also to investigate whether there was a correlation between experience of employer attractiveness and experience of recruitment process. The questionnaire used contained questions about the experience of the recruitment process and employer attractiveness, the latter was measured using the Employer Attractiveness scale. The study showed that those who became employed rated all dimensions of employer attractiveness higher. Furthermore, the study showed that those who became employed rated the dimensions fairness and treatment higher. As for the experience of the usability of the recruiting tool there were no differences between the groups. The results also showed a positive correlation between experience of the recruitment process and experience of employer attractiveness. / Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad vad gäller upplevelsen av arbetsgivarattraktionen samt upplevelsen av rekryteringsprocessen utifrån om arbetssökande, till en kommun i Mellansverige, fått en anställning eller inte fått anställning. Syftet var även att undersöka om de fanns ett samband mellan upplevelsen av arbetsgivarattraktionen och upplevelsen av rekryteringsprocessen. Enkäten innehöll frågor som behandlade upplevelsen av rekryteringsprocessen samt frågor hämtade från Employer Attractiveness Scale, vilket mätte arbetsgivarattraktionen. Resultatet påvisade att de som blivit anställda skattade samtliga dimensioner i arbetsgivarattraktionen högre än de som inte blivit anställda. Studien visade även att de som blivit anställda skattade dimensionerna gällande den upplevda rekryteringsprocessens dimensioner rättvisa och bemötande högre än de som inte blivit anställda. Vad gäller upplevelsen av användarvänligheten påvisades ingen skillnad mellan grupperna. Resultatet visade ett positivt samband mellan upplevelsen av rekryteringsprocessen och upplevelsen av arbetsgivarattraktionen.

The central theme of this thesis is the development of both a generalised computational model for large-scale brain networks and the neuroinformatics platform that enables a systematic exploration and analysis of those models. In this thesis we describe the mathematical framework of the computational model at the core of the tool The Virtual brain (TVB), designed to recreate collective whole brain dynamics by virtualising brain structure and function, allowing simultaneous outputs of a number of experimental modalities such as electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG, MEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The implementation allows for a systematic exploration and manipulation of every underlying component of a large-scale brain network model (BNM), such as the neural mass model governing the local dynamics or the structural connectivity constraining the space time structure of the network couplings. We also review previous studies related to brain network models and multimodal neuroimaging integration and detail how they are related to the general model presented in this work. Practical examples describing how to build a minimal *in silico* primate brain model are given. Finally, we explain how the resulting software tool, TVB, facilitates the collaboration between experimentalists and modellers by exposing both a comprehensive simulator for brain dynamics and an integrative framework for the management, analysis, and simulation of structural and functional data in an accessible, web-based interface. / The central theme of this thesis is the development of both a generalised computational model for large-scale brain networks and the neuroinformatics platform that enables a systematic exploration and analysis of those models. In this thesis we describe the mathematical framework of the computational model at the core of the tool The Virtual brain (TVB), designed to recreate collective whole brain dynamics by virtualising brain structure and function, allowing simultaneous outputs of a number of experimental modalities such as electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG, MEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The implementation allows for a systematic exploration and manipulation of every underlying component of a large-scale brain network model (BNM), such as the neural mass model governing the local dynamics or the structural connectivity constraining the space time structure of the network couplings. We also review previous studies related to brain network models and multimodal neuroimaging integration and detail how they are related to the general model presented in this work. Practical examples describing how to build a minimal *in silico* primate brain model are given. Finally, we explain how the resulting software tool, TVB, facilitates the collaboration between experimentalists and modellers by exposing both a comprehensive simulator for brain dynamics and an integrative framework for the management, analysis, and simulation of structural and functional data in an accessible, web-based interface.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between the traditional global rating scale and a new behavioral rating scale in a university-based assessment center. It was hypothesized that personality factors, as measured by the 16PF and associated with the global ratings of performance would differ from those associated with the behavioral ratings of performance. It was further hypothesized that the associated personality factors would also differ for males and females. These hypotheses were ^confirmed. Pearson correlations were computed for ratings of males, females, and all subjects combined on both global and behavioral rating scales.

Pendant la dernière décennie, il y a eu un incrément de la résolution spatiale des observations satellitaires. Cela est notamment dû aux avancées technologiques implémentées sur les satellites. La quantité d'information observée est vaste, et il faut donc identifier des techniques efficaces pour la traiter et pour produire de cartes précises de la dynamique en surface. La mission future SWOT collectera de données d'élévation de surface (SSH) à très haute résolution spatiale : une partie de la dynamique à petites longueurs d'onde, c'est-à-dire, de la sousméso-échelle, sera représentée dans ces observations. Les observations satellitaires servent à réaliser la reconstruction spatiale en surface et aussi à la projeter vers l'intérieur de l'océan et vers des autres variables. La question posée est donc quelles méthodes peuvent fournir ces estimés 3D et multivariés avec une bonne précision à des échelles proches de la sousméso-échelle.Nous nous situons dans ce travail de thèse dans un cadre d'assimilation de données et d'images : l'objectif du travail étant la reconstruction de façon précise de la dynamique dans la couche de surface de l'océan (~500 m) à partir d'observations satellitaires. Pour ce faire, nous implémentons une méthode qui utilise différentes observations en surface à deux étapes d'analyse séparées. Elle consiste d'abord d'une première étape d'assimilation de données qui réalise une correction linéaire de l'écoulement. La deuxième étape se base dans une méthode d'assimilation d'images (Gaultier et al, 2012) dont l'objectif est de bien localiser les structures lagrangiennes obtenues par le calcul des exposants de Lyapunov. Dans le but de fournir des incertitudes associées aux estimés, nous disposons d'une distribution de probabilité d'ébauche qui sera corrigé par notre méthode : (i) la première étape effectue une analyse SEEK pour corriger cette distribution d'ébauche en utilisant une observation d’élévation de SSH; (ii) la deuxième étape minimise une fonction coût en utilisant l'observation d'une image structure et nous obtenons ainsi une distribution de probabilité finale. Les estimés sont projetés dans la dimension verticale en utilisant des EOFs (Empirical Orthogonal Functions) 3D multivariées, de cette sorte nous avons des estimés de variables observées et des variables non-observées (Duran-Moro et al, 2017).La méthode est testée en utilisant des données synthétiques produites par un modèle numérique à haute résolution (~3 km) dans la Mer de Salomon (SOSMOD36). La méthode fournit des résultats positifs : les estimés sont bien reconstruites sur la vertical et aussi concernant les variables non-observées. Dans ce cadre, nous réalisons une évaluation de l'impact de diverses pseudo-observations altimétriques dans la performance de la méthode. Ceci est réalisé par l'implémentation des traces Jason et Envisat sur l'observation de SSH ainsi qu'à partir du simulateur SWOT développé au JPL. Ce dernier est utilisé pour générer des pseudo-observations SWOT ainsi que des erreurs et du bruit prévus pour cette mission. La corrélation significative de ces erreurs a motivé l'application de la technique dans Ruggiero et al, 2016 dans notre analyse. Des simulations à plus haute résolution spatiale (~1 km) récemment produites à partir du modèle numérique NATL60 en Atlantique Nord sont aussi utilisées pour tester la méthode. Cette étude permet d'évaluer la dépendance des résultats avec la variabilité saisonnière de la dynamique aux moyennes latitudes. / During the last decade, high resolution observations have significantly increased mainly due to the strong innovations of satellite technology. The amount of observed information from satellites is large, and it is necessary to identify effective techniques to treat and to generate surface maps of the ocean dynamics. The future SWOT mission will collect sea surface height (SSH) measurements with a high spatial resolution : some dynamics at small wavelengths, which is known as submeso-scale, will be present in these new observations. Satellite observations could be used to carry out a vertical projection into the deeper ocean and to other variables. The question that rises is which methods can be used to carry out a 3D multivariate analysis with a significant precision, especially at meso and submeso-scale.We work here in a data/image assimilation framework : our objective if to reconstruction with good precision the dynamics in the upper oceanic layer (~500 m) using satellite observations. To do so, we implement a two-step method that uses different observations of the sea surface. The first step consist on the SEEK filter which is a data assimilation technique to carry out a first linear correction of the flow. The second step uses an image assimilation method (Gaultier et al , 2012) to correct the location of the main dynamical structure. This main dynamical structure is obtained by the computation of the Lyapunov exponents. A probability approach is applied to provide uncertainties on the estimates at each step. A first probability distribution of a background state is supposed to be known : the two-step method corrects this probability distribution at each step in order to converge towards the real ocean state. The SEEK filter corrects the background probability distribution using a SSH observation. The second step continues this correction towards smaller scales by using an image structure observation. To carry out the vertical projection, an ensemble of 3D multivariate EOFs (Empirical Orthogonal Functions) is used (Duran-Moro et al, 2017).The method is tested using synthetic data generated by a numerical model in the Solomon Sea region (SOSMOD36). The spatial resolution of these simulations is of ~3 km. We evaluate the response of our method in an idealized case study by using pseudo-observations generated from the simulations. The method provides good results and the estimates are corrected also in the vertical and in terms of other variables. A more detailed exploration of the altimetric observation is realized, especially related to future SWOT observations. Errors of SWOT observations have strong spatial correlations and another technique needs to be used in our method : this modification is carried out following work done in Ruggiero et al, 2016. Simulations from another NEMO configuration in the North Atlantic region (NATL60) are also used to evaluate the method. This second test allows us to explore the method in a different latitude of the globe.

La thèse s'inscrit dans la perspective de l'explosion du trafic de données générée par l'augmentation du nombre d'utilisateurs ainsi que la croissance du débit qui doivent être prises en compte dans la définition des futures générations de communications radiocellulaires. Une solution est la technologie «large-scale MIMO » (systèmes MIMO de grande dimension) qui pose plusieurs défis. La conception des nouveaux algorithmes de détection de faible complexité est indispensable vu que les algorithmes classiques ne sont plus adaptés à cette configuration à cause de leurs mauvaises performances de détection ou de leur complexité trop élevée fonction du nombre d'antennes. Une première contribution de la thèse est un algorithme basé sur la technique de l'acquisition comprimée en exploitant les propriétés des signaux à alphabet fini. Appliqué à des systèmes MIMO de grande dimension, déterminés et sous-déterminés, cet algorithme réalise des performances (qualité de détection, complexité) prometteuses et supérieures comparé aux algorithmes de l'état de l'art. Une étude théorique approfondie a été menée pour déterminer les conditions optimales de fonctionnement et la distribution statistique des sorties. Une seconde contribution est l'intégration de l'algorithme original dans un récepteur itératif en différenciant les cas codé (code correcteur d'erreurs présent) et non codé. Un autre défi pour tenir les promesses des systèmes large scale MIMO (efficacité spectrale élevée) est l'estimation de canal. Une troisième contribution de la thèse est la proposition d'algorithmes d'estimation semi-aveugles qui fonctionnent avec une taille minimale des séquences d'apprentissage (égale au nombre d'utilisateurs) et atteignent des performances très proches de la borne théorique. / The thesis is part of the prospect of the explosion of data traffic generated by the increase of the number of users as well as the growth of the bit rate which must be taken into account in the definition of future generations of radio-cellular communications. A solution is the large-scale MIMO technology (MIMO systems oflarge size) which poses several challenges. The design of the new low complexity detection algorithms is indispensable since the conventional algorithms are no longer adapted to this configuration because of their poor detection performance or their too high complexity depending on the number of antennas. A first contribution of the thesis is an algorithm based on the technique of compressed sensing by exploiting the propertiesof the signals with finite alphabet. Applied to large-scale, determined and under-determined MIMO systems, this algorithm achieves promising and superior performance (quality ofdetection, complexity) compared to state-ofthe-art algorithms. A thorough theoretical study was conducted to determine the optimal operating conditions and the statistical distribution of outputs. A second contribution is the integration of the original algorithm into an iterative receiver by differentiating the coded and uncoded cases. Another challenge to keeping the promise of large- scale MIMO systems (high spectral efficiency) is channel estimation. A third contribution of the thesis is the proposal of semi-blind channel estimation algorithms that work with a minimum size of pilot sequences (equal to the number of users) and reach performances very close to the theoretical bound.

Eating disorders are alarmingly prevalent and potentially lethal. The proper assessment of eating disorder symptoms is therefore crucial for the early identification and treatment of those suffering from these serious illnesses. Current measures of eating disorder symptoms are either very narrow in scope (e.g., assess only one aspect of disordered eating, such as bingeing) and/or have one or more serious limitations, such as inconsistent factor structures and/or poor discriminant validity. Because several of the existing measures of eating disorders were created over 20 years ago, many of these limitations are the direct result of out-dated scale development methods and testing.The goal this study was to determine the structure underlying the symptoms of eating disorders and develop a multidimensional measure of eating pathology based on this structure. To accomplish this goal, an initial item pool was developed to assess 20 dimensions of eating pathology. The initial item pool of 160 items was administered to a student sample (N=433) and community sample(N=407) to determine the preliminary structure of the measure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The revised measure was then administered to independent samples of psychiatric patients (N=190) and students (N=227). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 7-factor structure that showed excellent convergent and discriminant validity. The final measure was also internally consistent (median coefficient alphas ranged from .84-.89) and reliable over a two- to four-week period (r's ranged from .70-.84). The current study represents one of, perhaps, the most comprehensive scale development project ever conducted in the field of eating disorders and is expected to improve future basic and treatment research focused on eating disorders.

Correlational comparisons were made between the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence using children enrolled in a Head-Start program. The study was concerned with three hypotheses: 1.The correlations found between the I.Q. scores obtained on the WPPSI full scale, verbal, and performance scales and those obtained on the Stanford-Binet using Head-Start children as subjects would be significant at the .01 level. 2. The correlation between the WPPSI and the Stanford-Binet utilizing Head-Start children would not be significantly different from the correlation reported by Wechsler in the WPPSI manual. 3. Scores on the WPPSI verbal scale and the Stanford-Binet would correlate higher than would the WPPSI performance scale scores with the Stanford-Binet. All correlations run relating to the three hypotheses chosen for this study were found to be significant at the .01 level. The results, therefore, lead to the acceptance of all three hypotheses.

Perfectionism has long been recognized as a factor that is central to understanding psychological disorders, as it is significantly higher in the majority of psychological disorders compared to the general population. The construct of perfectionism was examined in this research by exploring differences between positive and negative perfectionism. The literature to date has focused almost exclusively on perfectionism as a maladaptive construct, with little research examining if perfectionism can be a positive factor. The implication of the study was to determine if some factors identified may be potentially important in future treatments targeted towards perfectionism, as there is some evidence to suggest that perfectionism may predict poorer response to standard cognitive behavioural treatment. This research compared three different groups; (i) a clinical group with diagnoses of anxiety and depression (n = 40); (ii) a group of athletes (n = 111) and (iii) a student control group (n = 101). The research consisted of 5 studies. In Study 1, evidence was found for the validity, consistency of factor structure and internal consistency of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Subscale (PANPS; Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995). In Study 2, clinical participants with a range of diagnoses were found to have significantly higher overall perfectionism and negative perfectionism compared to athletes and controls. Rigidity predicted higher positive perfectionism. Dichotomous thinking accounted for a large proportion of variance in negative perfectionism, and was argued to be an important factor distinguishing between positive and negative perfectionism. In Study 3, positive perfectionism was found to relate to faster performance time in athletes competing in triathlons, and negative perfectionism was not found to impede sporting performance. / The Big Five personality domains were investigated in Study 4, and Agreeableness was found to be a significant predictor of negative perfectionism in the clinical group. In comparing clinical and athlete groups, athletes had significantly lower Neuroticism, and higher Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Study 5 was a clinical descriptive study that examined motivation to change and cognitions about failure in a select sample of clinical participants with extreme high scores on negative perfectionism and athletes with extreme low scores. The clinical participants reported many negative consequences, yet despite this recognition, the majority reported they did not wish to change perfectionism. Also, as the level of negative perfectionism increased, the degree of diagnostic comorbidity increased. It was concluded that it may be more useful to distinguish between positive achievement striving and negative perfectionism rather than positive and negative perfectionism. Clinical implications were outlined which included targeting dichotomous thinking and resistance to change in the development of treatments for perfectionism.

A Large Scale Robot Colony (LSRC) is a complex artifact comprising of a significant population of both mobile and static robots. LSRC research is in its literary infancy and it is therefore necessary to rely upon external fields for the appropriate framework, Multi Agent Systems (MAS) and Large Scale Systems (LSS). At the intersection of MAS, LSS and LSRC exist near identical issues, problems and solutions. If attention is paid to coherence then solution portability is possible. The issue of Self-Reliability is poorly addressed by the MAS research field. Disparity between the real world and simulation is another area of concern. Despite these deficiencies, MAS and LSS are perceived as the most appropriate frameworks. MAS research focuses on three prime areas, cognitive science, management and interaction. LSRC is focused on Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. While LSS research was not primarily intended for populations of mobile robots, it does address key issues of LSRC, such as effective sustainability and management. Implementation of LSRC that is based upon the optimal solution for any one or two of the three aspects will be inferior to a coherent solution based upon all three. LSRC’s are complex organizations with significant populations of both static and mobile robots. The increase in population size and the requirement to address the issue of Self-Reliance give rise to new issues. It is no longer sufficient to speak only in terms of robot intelligence, architecture, interaction or team behaviour, even though these are still valid topics. Issues such as population sustainability and management have greater significance within LSRC. As the size of a robot populations increases, minor uneconomical decisions and actions inhibit the performance of the population. Interaction must be made economical within the context of the LSRC. Sustainability of the population becomes significant as it enables stable performance and extended operational lifespan. Management becomes significant as a mechanism to direct the population so as to achieve near optimal performance. The Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization of LSRC are vastly more complex than in team robotics. Performance of the overall population becomes more significant than individual or team achievement. This thesis is a presentation of the Cooperative Autonomous Robot Colony (CARC) architecture. The CARC architecture is novel in that it offers a coherent baseline solution to the issue of mobile robot Self-Reliance. This research uses decomposition as a mechanism to reduce problem complexity. Self-Reliance is decomposed into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management, and Self-Organization. A solution to the issue of Self-Reliance will comprise of conflicting sub-solutions. A product of this research is a set of guidelines that manages the conflict of sub-solutions and maintains a coherent solution. In addressing the issue of Self-Reliance, it became apparent that Economies of Scale, played an important role. The effects of Economies of Scale directed the research towards LSRC’s. LSRC’s demonstrated improved efficiency and greater capability to achieve the requirements of Self-Reliance. LSRC’s implemented with the CARC architecture would extend human capability, enabling large scale operations to be performed in an economical manner, within real world and real time environments, including those of a remote and hostile nature. The theory and architecture are supported using published literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections. Contributions of this work are focused upon the three pillars of Self-Reliance addressed by CARC: Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. The chapter on Self-Sustainability explains and justifies the relevance of this issue, what it is, why it is important and how it can be achieved. Self-Sustainability enables robots to continue to operate beyond disabling events by addressing failure and routine maintenance. Mathematical projections are used to compare populations of non-sustained and sustained robots. Computer modeling experiments are used to demonstrate the feasibility of Self-Sustainability, including extended operational life, the maintenance of optimal work flow and graceful physical degradation (GPD). A detailed explanation is presented of Sustainability Functions, Colony Sites, Static Robot Roles, Static Robot Failure Options, and Polymorphism. The chapter on Self-Management explores LSS research as a mechanism to exert influence over a LSRC. An experimental reactive management strategy is demonstrated. This strategy while limited does indicate promising potential directions for future research including the Man in the Loop (MITL) strategy highly desired by NASA JPL for off world command and control of a significant robot colony (Huntsberger, et. al., 2000). Experiments on Communication evaluate both Broadcast Conveyance (BC) and Message Passing Conveyance (MPC). These experiments demonstrate the potential of Message Passing as a low cost system for LSRC communication. Analysis of Metrics indicates that a Performance Based Feedback Method (PBFM) and a Task Achievement Method (TAM) are both necessary and sufficient to monitor a LSRC. The chapter on Self-Organization describes a number of experiments, algorithms and protocols on Reasoning Robotics, a minor variant of Reactive Robotics. Reasoning Robotics utilizes an Event Driven Architecture (EDA) rather than a Stimulus Driven Architecture (SDA) common to Reactive Robotics. Enhanced robot performance is demonstrated by a combination of EDA and environmental modification enabling stigmergy. These experiments cover Intersection Navigation with contingency for Multilane Intersections, a Radio Packet Controller (RPC) algorithm, Active and Passive Beacons including a communication protocol, mobile robot navigation using Migration Decision Functions (MDF’s), including MDF positional errors. The central issue addressed by this thesis is the production of Self-Reliance guidelines for LSRC’s. Self-Reliance is perceived as a critical issue in advancing the useful and productive applications for LSRC’s. LSRC’s are complex with many issues in related fields of MAS and LSS. Decomposition of Self-Reliance into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization were used to aid in problem understanding. It was found that Self-Sustainability extends the operational life of individual robots and the LSRC. Self-Management enables the exertion of human influence over the LSRC, such that the ratio of humans to robots is reduced but not eliminated. Self-Organization achieves and enhances performance through a routine and reliable LSRC environment. The product of this research was the novel CARC architecture, which consists of a set of Self-Reliance guidelines and algorithms. The Self-Reliance guidelines manage conflict between optimal solutions and provide a framework for LSRC design. This research was supported by literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections.

The study sought to examine tactics used in family conflict and the relationship between these tactics and measures of self esteem and cognitive development. One of the questions which flow from this analysis is whether there is a safe level of conflict which is related to higher levels of cognitive development and/or self esteem or does any level of conflict have a negative effect on these aspects. Subjects consisted of 251 year nine and ten students from a Canberra Catholic high school. Using Straus's (1979) Conflict Tactics Scale for various family dyads, measures of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale (1965), no significant differences were found between cognitive development and conflict tactics, self esteem or gender. Adolescents from violent families had lower self-esteem than those from non-violent families, however verbal aggression was very common and the sole use of reasoning was atypical.