Orientador: Marcelo Carbone Carneiro / Banca: Carlos Arthur Ribeiro do Nascimento / Banca: João José Caluzi / Resumo: A inclusão da história da ciência no ensino é hoje alvo de intensa discussão no meio acadêmico, haja vista os inúmeros estudos realizados que apontam para a real contribuição que esta abordagem pode ter no entendimento do conhecimento científico. A ciência galileana é, para nós, um exemplo que pode ser explorado de maneira frutífera neste âmbito e dá subsídios para diferentes discussões. No presente trabalho analisamos o Diálogo sobre os dois máximos sistemas de mundo ptolomaico e copernicano, de Galileu Galilei, sob a perspectiva científica e filosófica com o objetivo de discutir as suas possíveis contribuições para o entendimento de ciência e de historiografia da ciência, mais especificamente, de movimento e de referencial de movimento por meio da discussão sobre os modelos de sistema de mundo proposto deste a antiguidade até o sec. XVII. Além disso, apresentamos parte da historiografia galileana com as leituras de Alexandre Koyré, Paul Feyerabend e Maurice Clavelin. Focamos nossa discussão no ensino superior, pensando em sua relevância para a formação do futuro professor de física / Abstract: The inclusion of history of science in teaching today is the subject of intense debate in the academy, given the numerous studies that point to the real contribution that this approach may have the understanding of scientific knowledge. The Galilean science is for us an example that can be fruitfully explored this area and given rants to various discussions. In this paper we analyze the Dialogue on the Two World Systems Ptolemaic and Copernican, Galileo Galilei, in the philosophical and scientifc perspective in order to discuss their possible contributions to the understanding of science and historiography of science, more specifically, movement referential through the discussion on standardized system propostos world from antiquy to the sec. XVII. In addition, we present part of historiography with the Galilean readings Alexandre Koyré, Maurice and Paul Feyerabend Clavelin. We focus our discussion on higher education, considering its relavance to the education of future teachers of physics / Mestre

Bibliography : pages 209-222. / This investigation sought answers to three main questions 1. Irrespective of level of performance in undergraduate anatomy, descriptive astronomy or engineering drawing, do students with poor spatial visualization ability significantly under-achieve in university class examinations in these subjects relative to their spatially competent peers? If this is the case: 2. Can a battery of spatial exercises be employed to diagnose severe three-dimensional impairment amongst students failing in anatomy, descriptive astronomy and engineering drawing and, if so, what is the optimum composition of such a battery? 3. For the purposes of counselling and possible remedial teaching, at which stage during a course of university study should failing students be tested for suspected spatial ineptitude? The investigation from 1980 to 1983 involved four populations of anatomy students, three populations of astronomy students, one year of engineering students and one group of clinical remedial mathematics students. The academic performances of 1126 students were monitored during this period, and 621 of these students were singled out for special measurement of spatial achievement in their academic subjects.

<p>The inclusion of technology in the school curriculum has been a concern in many countries following the 1990 Jomtien World Conference on Education for ALL (Jenkins, 1996). However, there are different perspectives and views about technology education. As a result technology has been included in the school curriculum in varied ways.</p> <p><br /> In recognition of the importance of technology in economic development, Lesotho has attempted to include technology in the school curriculum by incorporating science and technology. This study evaluated the Lesotho science curriculum which incorporates technology. The evaluation study is based on the framework first proposed by Stake (1967). Stake&rsquo / s model addresses the relationship between the intended curriculum and the implemented curriculum (Stenhouse, 1988). In this study the intended curriculum is defined as the curriculum plan as depicted in the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations questions papers and the textbook which was used as an exemplary material for teaching the science-technology curriculum. The implemented curriculum is viewed as what actually happened at school level as teachers tried to interpret the curriculum developer&rsquo / s plan. Although Stake&rsquo / s model served as a guide in the collection and analysis of empirical data, other theoretical areas supported it. These included Gardner&rsquo / s (1990) approaches to the incorporation of science and technology / the constant comparative approach (Merriam, 1998) / and some aspects of curriculum theory, particularly curriculum development and curriculum evaluation as espoused in the works of certain scholars (e.g. Ornstein and Hunkins, 2004 / Stenhouse, 1988). The study was designed as a multiple-site case study (Merriam, 1998). The sites where in-depth study of the implemented curriculum was done were four high schools in Lesotho. The intended curriculum was mainly examined by analysing the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations question paper and the textbook. The methods that were used for collecting the data were interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and the achievement tests.</p>

The 'Discipline Review of Teacher Education in Mathematics and Science' (Department of Employment, Education and Training, 1989, p 81) concludes that science in primary schools is in a state of crisis. This finding is not new as there have been concerns about primary school science for many years. It is likely that one of the reasons why the problem remains could relate to the attitudes and beliefs that teachers hold about the subject and its importance in the primary school curriculum. Another reason put forward relates to the limited background experiences in science of many primary school teachers. In particular, their knowledge of content matter and strategies for teaching the subject is limited. As a consequence, many primary teachers do not feel confident to teach science so they avoid it or teach only units with which they are familiar. This leads to inconsistent science teaching and an ineffective science curriculum in many primary schools. The research question, What factors influence the teaching of science in a primary school?' is investigated through a case study of a primary school. Teachers' attitudes to, and beliefs about, the subject are explored in relation to their background experiences, teacher education and knowledge of science. How these factors influence their classroom teaching is explored through the context of the physical environment and culture of the school, the culture of teaching and the instructional leadership of the principal. The case study is based on information obtained from teacher surveys and interviews, journal entries and school documents. A typology which helps clarify factors influencing the teaching of science is developed. It provides insight into the problems of teaching the subject and how they may be addressed. A case study of the principal adds to the typology by providing the principal's perspective of science in the school. It is likely that the school featured in the case study is representative of many primary schools. The findings and recommendations may therefore have wider implications and may contribute to more effective teaching of science in many primary schools.

No description available.

This study intended to explore preservice elementary teachers&rsquo / science knowledge level, attitude toward science teaching and their efficacy beliefs regarding science teaching. In addition, the contribution of science knowledge level and attitudes toward science teaching on Turkish preservice elementary teachers&rsquo / efficacy beliefs was investigated. The present study was conducted at the end of the spring semester of 2003- 2004 academic year with a total number of 750 (n=531 females / n=216 males / and n=3 gender not provided) fourth-year preservice elementary teachers who enrolled at elementary teacher education programs of nine different universities in Turkey. Data were collected utilizing three questionnaires: the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) developed by Riggs and Enochs (1990), Science Achievement Test, and Science Teaching Attitude Scale developed by Thompson and Shrigley (1986). Data of the present study were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of the self-efficacy survey indicated that preservice elementary teachers had moderate sense of self-efficacy beliefs regarding science teaching on both Personal Science Teaching Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy dimensions of the STEBI-B. Also, preservice elementary teachers indicated low level of science knowledge and generally positive attitude toward science teaching. Furthermore, science knowledge level and attitude towards science teaching made a statistically significant contribution to the variation in preservice elementary teachers&rsquo / personal science teaching efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancy.

<p>The inclusion of technology in the school curriculum has been a concern in many countries following the 1990 Jomtien World Conference on Education for ALL (Jenkins, 1996). However, there are different perspectives and views about technology education. As a result technology has been included in the school curriculum in varied ways.</p> <p><br /> In recognition of the importance of technology in economic development, Lesotho has attempted to include technology in the school curriculum by incorporating science and technology. This study evaluated the Lesotho science curriculum which incorporates technology. The evaluation study is based on the framework first proposed by Stake (1967). Stake&rsquo / s model addresses the relationship between the intended curriculum and the implemented curriculum (Stenhouse, 1988). In this study the intended curriculum is defined as the curriculum plan as depicted in the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations questions papers and the textbook which was used as an exemplary material for teaching the science-technology curriculum. The implemented curriculum is viewed as what actually happened at school level as teachers tried to interpret the curriculum developer&rsquo / s plan. Although Stake&rsquo / s model served as a guide in the collection and analysis of empirical data, other theoretical areas supported it. These included Gardner&rsquo / s (1990) approaches to the incorporation of science and technology / the constant comparative approach (Merriam, 1998) / and some aspects of curriculum theory, particularly curriculum development and curriculum evaluation as espoused in the works of certain scholars (e.g. Ornstein and Hunkins, 2004 / Stenhouse, 1988). The study was designed as a multiple-site case study (Merriam, 1998). The sites where in-depth study of the implemented curriculum was done were four high schools in Lesotho. The intended curriculum was mainly examined by analysing the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations question paper and the textbook. The methods that were used for collecting the data were interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and the achievement tests.</p>

Primary science education is a key area in the curriculum, yet primary science education is still less than adequate, both in the number of teachers implementing a primary science syllabus and the quality of primary science teaching. Mentoring may support both teachers in their roles as mentors and preservice teachers as mentees to develop their primary science teaching practices. This research investigated mentoring for developing preservice teachers of primary science, which was divided into two stages. Stage 1 was concerned with the development of an instrument aimed at measuring preservice teachers' perceptions of their mentoring in primary science teaching. Stage 2 involved developing a mentoring intervention based on the literature and the instrument developed from Stage 1 of this research, and further investigated the influence of the intervention on mentoring practices. Stage 1 involved a survey instrument developed from the literature and a small qualitative study. This instrument was refined after pilot testing and then administered to 331 final year preservice teachers. Stage 2 involved pilot testing a mentoring intervention, which was then implemented with 12 final year preservice teachers and their mentors over a four-week professional experience (practicum). Using a two-group posttest only design, these 12 final year preservice teachers (intervention group) and 60 final year preservice teachers (control group) from the same university were compared after their four-week professional experience program. The survey instrument developed from Stage 1 was used to measure both the control group's and intervention group's perceptions of their mentoring in primary science teaching. Stage 1 results indicated that five factors characterised effective mentoring practices in primary science teaching and were supported by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The final CFA model was theoretically and statistically significant, that is, X2(513) = 1335, p < .001, CMIDF = 2.60, IFI = .922, CFI = .921, RMR = .066, RMSEA = .070. These factors were Personal Attributes, System Requirements, Pedagogical Knowledge, Modelling, and Feedback, and had Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients of .93, .76, .94, .95, and .92, respectively. Stage 2 findings indicated that mentees involved in the intervention received statistically significant more mentoring experiences in primary science teaching on each of the 5 factors and on 31 of the 34 survey items. It was concluded that the mentoring intervention provided mentors and mentees with opportunities for developing their primary science teaching practices. Additionally, this approach simultaneously targets mentors and mentees' teaching practices and was considered economically viable.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_rmmc_me_prud.pdf: 812535 bytes, checksum: 2d16c60725d2ed3527c88e8ecc24cc36 (MD5) / O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem em Ciências, através de análises da produção escrita de alunos do sétimo ano do ensino fundamental. Duas turmas de sétimo ano do Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII/ UFJF participaram da pesquisa, desenvolvendo atividades em aulas, a princípio consideradas mais contextualizadas. O tema ensinado foi a Teoria da Evolução, escolhido em consonância com os conteúdos previstos para o ano e em comemoração aos 150 anos de publicação do livro A Origem das Espécies, de Charles Darwin. As atividades de ensino tiveram os objetivos de despertar os alunos para um aprendizado que transcendesse os temas curriculares do ano e de desenvolver competências para o entendimento de temas mais complexos, previstos para os anos seguintes. Além das aulas expositivas, foram realizadas atividades com diferentes recursos, como filmes, histórias em quadrinhos, folhetos publicitários, notícias e pesquisas na internet, seguidas de debates e discussões entre os alunos. Foram analisados os textos produzidos por dezoito alunos. Da produção escrita, foram selecionados fragmentos relevantes para a análise. Nas análises, procuramos compreender se os alunos expressavam corretamente as ideias do ponto de vista científico, mas, além disso, distinguir os gestos de interpretação que constituem os sentidos, bem como o entendimento e a evolução das palavras que materializam os conceitos. As análises tiveram como referencial a Teoria da Enunciação de Mikhail Bakhtin, pautada principalmente nos conceitos de gêneros do discurso, réplica, palavra alheia, palavra própria. A pesquisa contou com apoio da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e do Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII e se inscreve na linha 2 do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Unesp de Presidente Prudente: Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação / The main objective of this research has been to comprehend the teaching and learning processes in Sciences by the analysis of the written production from the students belonging from the seventh grade in Elementary School. Two groups of students from the 7th grade at “Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII” from UFJF have participated of the research, developing activities in classes, at first considered more contextualized. The learning theme was the Theory of Evolution, chosen in consonance to the contents previewed for the grade and in commemoration to the 150 years old of the publication of the book The Origin of the Species, by Charles Darwin. The activities for learning had as objectives to awaken the students for a learning that overcomes the curricular themes from this grade and to develop the competences to understand more complex themes, which will be studied in the coming years. In addition to lectures, it was realized some activities with different resources, such as films, cartoons, advertising leaflets, news and Internet research, followed by debates and discussions among students. It was analyzed the texts produced by eighteen students. From the written production, relevant fragments were selected for the analysis. In the analysis, we have looked forward to comprehend if the students express correctly the ideas using a scientific point of view, but besides this, to distinguish the gestures of interpretation that constitute the senses, as well as the understanding of the evolution of the words that materialize the concepts. The analysis had as theoretical reference the Theory of Enunciation by Mikhail Bakhtin, based mainly on the concept of gender of the discourse, replies, words... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_pgp_dr_bauru.pdf: 1443273 bytes, checksum: e9c4606959d320c45930b364c5b1c3ad (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / São freqüentes os textos que consideram que a botãnica apresenta grande dificuldade no seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem, gerando pouco interesse e baixo rendimento. Mas, por quê? Quais situações contribuem para reforçar esta afirmação? A partir de uma revisão teórica e histórica sobre o desenvolvimento do estudo dos vegetais, é possível dizer que uma delas seria a falta de atualização do professor em relação ao conhecimento botânico, cada vez mais específico. Outra situação, conseqüentemente, seria a forma como a botânica vem sendo ensinada: muito teórica, desestimulante, fundamentada na reprodução, repetição e fragmentação e distante da realidade dos alunos e dos problemas ambientais atuais. Percebe-se, enfim, a questão metodológica como central no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de botânica, dificultando, o entendimento e criando aversões quando não adequada. Segundo estudos recentes, é importante que os alunos tenham contato com os vegetais na natureza, aproximando-se do ambiente natural. / Many papers hold the view that botany poses great challenge in its teaching and learning process, arising little interest and resulting in poor productivity. What factors account for this? Based on a historical and theoretical review on the development of the study of plants, it is possible to say that one of these factors is the lack of teachers with an updated Knowledge in this increasingly specific field. Another factor is the method applied in the teaching/learning process: too theoretical, unexciting, based on reproduction, repetition and fragmentation, distant from tody's reality and environmental problems. This inadequate method makes difficult for students to understand Botany, in some cases leading to aversion. Therefore, the methodological matter becomes the center of debate concerning the theaching/learning process of the study of plants. According to recent research, it is essential that students come into contact with plants within their natural environment.