Orientador: Bela Bianco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gimeno_PatriciaCuri_M.pdf: 862548 bytes, checksum: 0f200c7fbb95ab8666e5e598821e588d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de apresentar alguns aspectos fundamentais para a compreensão do processo de construção da relação entre o rap, os rappers e a periferia. Tal relação é entendida como o resultado de um processo bastante abrangente de diálogo e, por vezes, de conflito, entre alguns rappers paulistanos e outros sujeitos e instituições no tocante à própria conceituação da periferia, à ocupação de territórios da cidade de São Paulo, às visões mais comuns sobre a violência e à criminalidade e, por fim, ao papel desempenhado por estes artistas na cena pública. Tomando como base as trajetórias e as letras de músicas dos integrantes dos grupos Racionais MC's, RZO e dos rappers Rappin Hood, Xis e Sabotage, procurou-se mostrar que, ao defenderem a legitimidade do olhar construído a partir do interior da periferia, assim como de seus papéis públicos de representantes autorizados dos moradores, os artistas tornaram-se mediadores entre esse mesmo território e o restante da sociedade. E, mais importante, transformaram o rap em um veículo de expressão e de formulação de demandas sociais e políticas de uma parcela bastante significa de jovens pobres e negros que, assim como eles, nasceram e cresceram nas periferias da cidade de São Paulo a partir dos anos 1970 / Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation was to present some fundamental aspects for comprehending the upbuilding process of the relations between Rap, rappers and peripheral neighborhoods. Such relations are understood as the result of a quite broad dialogical process, and sometimes a conflictual one, between rappers from São Paulo and other institutions and individuals concerning the very conceptualization of the peripheral neighborhood, the occupation of some of the city's territories, the most common points of view about violence and crime and, lastly, concerning the role played by these artists in the public scenario. Taking as a start their life histories and lyrics by members of the groups Racionais MCs, RZO, and the rappers Rappin Hood, Xis and Sabotage, efforts were made towards the purpose of demonstrating that by defending the legitimacy of this look developed within the peripheral neighbourhood as well as the legitimacy of their roles as public representatives as authorised by the community, artists became mediators between these very territories and the rest of the society. More importantly, these artists have turned rapping into a medium of expression and formulation of social and political demands for a significant share of poor and black young ones who, just like them, were born and raised in the peripheral areas of the city of São Paulo from the 70's onwards / Mestrado / Antropologia Urbana / Mestre em Antropologia Social

Green urban spaces are a vigorous part in cities development, all over the world (Swanwick, Dunnet, & Wooley, 2003). These spaces are persistently constructed and negotiated over a creative process, which includes a network of actors, such as clients, designers, constructors, and users. This thesis addresses this process - with a case study of landscape architects in Stockholm, and their practice of creativity. The landscape architects present one group of actors involved in the process, where they design urban spaces for the future through their creative work. It begins with a mental image, an idea, and ends with a built site, a designed space. In reference to practice theory (Ortner, 1984 and 2006) and the biosocial becomings approach (Ingold, 2013), I analyze how creativity as a practice is socially produced by history, culture and power, through the biosocial growth of the creative agent, the landscape architect. Referring to Hallam and Ingold ́s definition (2007, p. 3), I understand creative practice as an improvisational process. I argue that creativity is accumulated, i.e. a becoming practice amongst becoming creative agents. While investigating the practice of creativity through a traditional participant observation, I primarily focus on sounds, where I listen to the practice, and use it as a method of collecting empirical data. With that method, I enrich the registration of sensor impressions (Borneman & Hammoudi, 2009, p. 19) during my fieldwork, providing a sonic dimension to the knowledge of creative practice amongst landscape architects.

This thesis examines the composition of affective atmospheres, emerging in court sessions of criminal matter in Vienna. The notion of atmosphere is used to explore collective affective qualities, emerging through the interplay between affective bodies and their environment. The focus provides as analytical frame for bringing forward the workings of affect in legal procedures. From a starting point in theories of affect and atmosphere, I cast light at how the affectively charged space is both monitored and beyond control. First, I trace affect through the lens of spatial arrangements of courtrooms. I show how the architectural and interior arrangements and aesthetics of courtrooms are expedient in creating resonance between the bodies and control over the situations, while being visual and material representations of law. Second, I trace affect in the relation between the bodies that produce atmosphere and regard for the bodily capacity to affect and be affected. I consider principles of criminal procedure structuring and disciplining affective bodies in courtrooms and the juridical labour entailing work on emotions. Third, I trace affect in the dynamics and changes of affective atmosphere by showing how atmospheric changes come about and are contested through intensification and ruptures in atmosphere. I discuss the compositions of affective atmosphere in relation to discipline and control converging with bodies entering the legal setting. The ethnographic material is collected through participant observation in one hundred court sessions, as well as through interviews with people involved.

En mammas starka känslor kan påverka hennes uppfattningar kring sitt moderskap. Denna studie kommer att titta på varför vissa mammor väljer att stanna hemma med sina barn. Dessa mammor menar att barnomsorgen som erbjuds av samhället inte passar in i deras förväntningar om vad ett barn behöver. Genom att ha barnen hemma längre än samhällets norm, skapar detta val en negativ respons från vissa individer i samhället. Individer som menar att dessa mammor påverkar jämställdhetsutvecklingen negativt.   Studien har utförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utöver intervjuer har empiri från flödet i Facebook gruppen: hemmaföräldrars nätverk samlats in. Även information från bloggar, samt litteratur i ämnet, har använts. De två teorierna som har applicerats i denna uppsats vilar på två ben. Den ena teorin vilar på idén om ett intensivt moderskap. Ett begrepp som beskriver mammornas modersidentitet som den primära vårdgivaren. Den andra teorin tar upp hur mammornas subjektiva uppfattning om moderskapet påverkar henne agens.Studien visar att det finns mammor som aktivt väljer att stanna hemma med sina barn. Ett val som dessa mammor säger sig vara nöjda med. Mammorna upplever att de saknar förståelse från samhället, en önskan om acceptans, samt fler valmöjligheter kring moderskapet.

In contrast to how anthropologists usually study groups that we readily sympathize with, this thesis sets out to create an understanding of one of the most anti-mainstream groups in Sweden: Men Going Their Own Way. Through combining an engaged fieldwork with extended interviews, I aim to explore the emic experience of finding, being, and practicing MGTOW. With the aid of certain theoretical frameworks and concepts concerning feelings of tension and frustration, processes of discipline and exclusion, and acts of everyday resistance, my informants' experiences and accounts are understood and contextualized. In addition to contributing to a very thin field of academic knowledge production around MGTOW, I hope to nuance the polemic debate through which "the other" is perceived.

Assyrians are members of a stateless nation with roots in the Middle East, although due to conflict, persecution and instability a majority of Assyrians now live in diaspora in many different countries. The Assyrian community in Sweden now numbers approximately 100.000 individuals, of which approximately 18.000 to 25.000 live in the greater Stockholm area. This thesis utilizes the example of the Swedish-Assyrian community to analyze two research topics: the political engagement of a diaspora within a host country; and diasporic efforts to maintain a distinctive culture and contribute to its own nation building while residing in diaspora, a particularly pressing question for a stateless nation, such as the Assyrian nation. This thesis utilizes ethnographic data acquired via personal interviews with Swedish-Assyrian individuals and participant observation to discuss these research subjects. With regards to diaspora political engagement, the thesis finds that Swedish-Assyrians utilize their rights as Swedish citizens and their voices as Assyrians to engage with both Swedish politics and Assyrian causes. They are motivated by both Swedish political issues and by the Assyrian national cause. The ethnographic data is further used to analyze the discourse on identity and nation-building among the Swedish Assyrian community, including the impact of the host country’s culture and policies on the diaspora group and attempts to create a unified nation through education and placing emphasis on an ethnic, rather than solely religious, identity. These efforts bring Assyrians in Sweden closer together by helping to bridge differences in language and culture, but as Assyrians internationally now find themselves also affected by the cultures of their new nations, new differences and divisions simultaneously appear.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur ungdomars liv ser ut i Kiberaslummen, Nairobi, utifrån intervjuer med fem nyckelinformanter. Studien utgår från fyra huvudämnen; att vara ungdom, utbildning, att söka arbete och genus och könsroller. Dessa fyra huvudämnen är högst relevant för att förklara hur unga människors liv ser ut i Kibera. På grund av ungdomars socioekonomiska status har de begränsad tillgång till bland annat utbildning och arbete. Mina informanters syn på unga människor i Kibera har jag valt att knyta samman med en teori av Alcinda Honwana som kallas waithood, där unga människor hamnar i ett ”glapp” mellan childhood och adulthood. / This thesis aims to explore how young people’s life is in the Kibera slum, Nairobi, seen from five key informant’s point of view. The study has four bigger subjects; being a youth, education, seeking for employment and gender/gender roles. These subjects are highly relevant to explain how young people’s life looks like in Kibera. Youths socioeconomically status limits their assets to education and employment, for example. I have tied my informants view on youths living in Kibera to a theory by Alcinda Honwana called waithood, which is a term for the “gap” some youths experience between childhood and adulthood.

While cultural anthropology has a well-established tradition of studying armed conflict and postconflict societies, its consideration of morality in this context has hitherto been granted a tangential, rather than central role. Addressing this gap, the present thesis draws on qualitative data collected during four weeks of fieldwork carried out in the rural inland of Colombia’s Urabá region between June and July of 2018 to explore the ways in which morality is locally constructed in communities afflicted by a history of armed violence and rebel governance. Relying on the informal nature of networks and social relations identified by extant anthropological research, it develops an inductive analytical framework intended to examine the moral dimension of life in conflict-affected communities. More specifically, it explores how communities come to construct and share a moral framework passible of sustaining cooperative and interdependent relationships in light of the strain that protracted armed violence exertson social relationships and institutions. The obtained results highlight the existence of a binding sense of ‘moral intimacy’, which stems from the collective awareness of the contextual pressures that shape people’s moral judgments and often narrow the scope of personal agency. Individual morality and the constant challenges posed to it by life in conflict-afflicted areas are found to converge into a particularly adapted ‘extra-ordinary situational ethics of conflict’, characterized by ambiguity and mistrust, but also by tolerance and understanding for other people’s—and one’s own—moral shortcomings. Finally, the role of moral leaders is explored and differentiated with respect to its relation to the above-mentioned extra-ordinary situational ethics of conflict. The figure of ‘moral moderator’ is proposed in order to describe the articulating role of central figures that serve as reference points for the informal ethics that arise in surroundings characterized by pervasive and protracted violence. Overall, this thesis sheds light on the peculiar nature of morality in conflict-afflicted societies, and provides an empirical and theoretical contribution to its future systematic study.

With the birth of “virtual worlds,” created a new space for social norms to evolve and change within a subset community. This thesis focuses on toxicity within the virtual world of EA DICE’s Battlefield V title. The goal of this research is to understand toxicity on a micro scale inside the world of Battlefield V from a gaming anthropological perspective. Along with understanding what toxicity looked like within the virtual world ofBattlefield V, the thesis obtained data for how the community and EA DICE employees perceived toxicity. This research has components of interviews with these members of the communities/staff as well as a netnography of the virtual world of Battlefield V gameplay. Findings and analysis were categorized under the themes of toxic language, power/freedom, virtual world creation, and gender toxicity. Battlefield V toxicity is ever evolving and shaped by player techne (player actions). Player chat consumes the majority of toxicity and therefore diving into toxic language was vital. Understanding the player perspective of power and freedom while gaming was just the first step as the thesis also dove into the developer’s perspective and analyzed the interviews with the backbone of Malaby’s (2009) contingency concepts to see how the developers have a large role to play when it comes to toxicity in games, even if they may not realize it. Just as in the “real world” the virtual world of Battlefield V also had a major theme of gender discrimination winessed and discussed via both community members and staff members of EA DICE. Overall, the goal of this research was not to find out if toxicity was “good” or “bad” but to simply shed more light on the complex topic within virtual worlds and open up research for other anthropologists to do further research on the topic.

This essay analyses the use of media as an instigator of tourism as it creates perceptions of Svalbard in the minds of prospective and former tourists. It explores what these created imaginations about Svalbard as a destination and experience mean for individuals who have been submitted by a curated image in media, made for the profit of the tourism industry. The essay uses accounts from three different informants who all belong to different categories; one has been there several times, another has been there once, and the third not at all. The analysis of their experiences and expected experiences is made through the theoretical framework posed by Noel B. Salazar theory of imaginaries and Arjun Appadurai’s mediascape, ethnoscape, and imaginative worlds and communities. This study means to show that the individual experience is necessarily impacted by their preemptive expectations, which is strongly, almost entirely, influenced by the image and idea of “otherness” which media has projected.