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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ruiz_jam_me_prud.pdf: 4047275 bytes, checksum: 7c832e47d0c9f764fe5d01e7d96bc503 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os residentes em bairros próximos ao Prudenshopping e ao Shopping Center Americanas na cidade de Presidente Prudente, observando se têm ou não acesso a esses espaços, pois entendemos que o não acesso e/ou afastamento geram processos de segregação socioespacial e reforçam os de exclusão que foram analisados pelo não possibilidade da realização do consumo de bens e serviços em equipamentos dessa natureza. Busca-se, ainda, delinear os deslocamentos dessas pessoas para as demais áreas de comércio e serviços da cidade, uma vez que esses equipamentos propiciaram novas centralidades intraurbanas e mudaram a reestruturação interna da cidade de Presidente Prudente. Pretendeu-se, assim, avaliar se a multiplicação de áreas de concentração de atividades comerciais e de serviços tem provocado práticas socioespaciais que expressam as diferenças socioespaciais no interior das cidades médias. / The research has for objective to investigate the residents who belong to Shopping Center Americanas’ and Prudenshopping’s neighborhoods in the city of Presidente Prudente, observing whether or not they have access to those places, because it’s understood that either the lack of access and/or the distance from those generate space and social segregation as well as they reinforce the exclusion of whom has been analyzed by the impossibility of realization of consume of goods and services in equipments of that kind. It’s also intended to delineate these people’s displacements to further areas of commerce and services in the city, once those equipments have enabled new intra-urban centrality facilities as they have changes the city’s inner restructuring in Presidente Prudente. Overall, it was therefore meant to evaluate whether the multiplication and concentration of services and commerce have created space and social conditions that may display differences regarding them within medium towns.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Compreendido como um fenômeno da contemporaneidade, a partir da década de 80 o movimento feminista é um exemplo do que se convencionou denominar por novos movimentos sociais. A partir desse momento, verifica-se uma tendência de as demandas dos movimentos expandirem-se para lutas estruturadas em torno de opressões sofridas, principalmente identitárias, no lugar de militâncias da esfera estritamente econômica. Neste contexto é que o presente estudo insere-se. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as motivações de jovens brasileiras, de origens pobres, moradoras em áreas de favelas ou bairros populares, em movimentos feministas no Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas suas motivações iniciais e as que as manteriam militando, observando-se algumas tensões existentes nessas participações políticas. Visando ao mapeamento da ambientação histórica e política dos movimentos sociais que se abriam como possibilidades a estas jovens, buscamos traçar um breve histórico dos movimentos sociais na contemporaneidade e, em especial, nos contextos latino-americano e brasileiro, a partir da bibliografia disponível sobre o tema. Para o caso específico dos movimentos no Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas entrevistas com antigas militantes. Tendo em vista que as entrevistadas advinham de famílias pobres, consideramos importante enveredar nas discussões sobre as exclusões sociais, a partir de uma literatura crítica ao conceito, e procurando verificar os rebatimentos das teorias à situação especial em estudo. A pesquisa de campo contou com entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com cinco jovens, com idades entre 19 e 29 anos. Para efeitos analíticos, compreendemos suas histórias a partir da metodologia da História Oral, a qual visa evidenciar a multiplicidade de vozes outrora desprezadas pelo saber científico, sublinhando o caráter militante do entrevistador. Buscando conhecer as histórias de vida das entrevistadas, foram focalizados aspectos tais como: suas origens familiares, suas condições de jovens; situação de moradia e circulações pela cidade; percursos escolares e trajetórias de trabalho. A partir desses dados abordarmos suas trajetórias militantes. / Acknowledged as a contemporary phenomenon, starting in the 80s, the feminist movement is an example of what has been called new social movements. Starting at that moment, the trend is for the movements demands to expand for struggles around oppressions, specially those related to identity, instead of movements structured in a strictly economical sphere and it is in that context that we find the present research. The research had as its goal to investigate the motivations of young Brazilian women, from deprived backgrounds, living in favelas or impoverished neighborhoods, in feminist movements in Rio de Janeiro. Their initial motivations were analyzed as well as what would keep them militating, taking into account some existing tensions in such political participations. In order to understand the historical and political context of the social movements that have been set as opportunities to those young women, we searched to establish a brief history of the contemporary social movements, specially, in the Latin-American and Brazilian context, taking into consideration the available bibliography. In Rio de Janeiros case, in particular, old militants were interviewed. Since we established that the young women interviewed were from deprived backgrounds, we considered important to also discuss social exclusions, considering the critical theories on the concept and searching to verify how the theory applied to the situations we found in this research. Fieldwork had semi-structured interviews with five young women, aged from 19 to 29 years old. We searched to understand their stories using the Oral History methodology that tries to evidentiate the multiplicity of voices previously not taken into consideration by science, in order to highlight the militant aspect of the interviewer. In order to get to know their life stories, we focused on aspects such as their family origins, their conditions as young people, their habitational situation and trajects around the city; scholarly and word trajectories, to, later on, investigate their militant trajectories.

I focus on the issue of ghettization of cities in the Czech Republic in my diploma thesis. Summary of the current state and methods of settling is the main point. In the theoretical part, I introduce the definition of ghettization, and furthermore, I describe the development of ghettos and the current state in the world and namely in the CR. In the practical part, I focus on the city Litvínov -- its settlement Janov, in which one of the biggest ghetto in the CR has formed in recent years. Ghettization is analyzed from the viewpoint of demography and social-economic composition. These statistics are supported with a summary of current models of solutions.

Transport projects are complex; the interface with different policy areas can often lead to significant challenges to ensuring that long-term value outcomes are achieved. This thesis seeks to explore the challenges associated with the effective provision of transport services from a social exclusion perspective. It uncovers a number of key factors that can affect the successful delivery and provision of such schemes by examining the consequence of the decisions and actions taken by service providers and commissioners. Using a case study approach conducted on three local authority projects across the United Kingdom, the study is exploratory in nature through an in-depth qualitative data analysis. In order to address the aim of the thesis, six key objectives are defined: to understand how transport projects may act as a vehicle for delivering policy aimed at addressing social exclusion in the United Kingdom; to understand and investigate the impact of deregulation of the bus industry on the provision of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded; to critically examine the process underpinning decisions that guide the provision of transport schemes to address social exclusion; to examine the propensity for service users to be actively involved in the decision making process; to conduct a case study research in order to explore the challenges to the successful provision and delivery of the transport services to the socially excluded as a consequence of the decisions and actions taken by the service providers in the case study areas; and to characterise the factors that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.Semi structured interviews were carried out with the service providers in three locations– West Midlands, Sheffield, and Manchester. These interviews seek to determine the challenges to the effective provision and delivery of transport services as a consequence of the decisions and actions of the service providers. Overall, some challenges that could inhibit the provision and delivery of transport services were identified. These include constraint on the provision and delivery of transport services for the socially excluded due to the Competition Act, lack of accessible information, lack of close working relationship between service providers, lack of trust and mutual respect between service providers, too much focus in reducing the number of benefits claimant, service accessibility – inflexible access criteria, lack of support for bus drivers, lack of cultural diversity in the workforce and marketing of services, resource constraints on scheme performance, tendency on the service providers to focus getting output rather than outcomes, partnership issues - lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of common understanding of social exclusion, tendency on the service providers to focus on economic aspect, and lack of willingness to fully engage with citizens in the delivery and provision of transport services.These challenges identified were then further analysed in order to examine the underlying reasons why those challenges existed. Having identified and examined the challenges that could hinder the provision and delivery of the transport services, particularly for the socially excluded, some recommendations were made based on the identified issues that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.The findings that emerged contribute toward the social exclusion and transport provision domain in four areas:• Highlighted and provided an understanding of the difficulties surrounding the role of bus drivers and how it affects transport provision for the socially excluded;• The importance and the need to have the local knowledge in delivering transport service;• Understanding service provider’s attitude towards engaging with the community in the provision of transport services; and, • Inadequate funding and the impacts on transport provision for the socially excluded.

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The diploma thesis titled "Social exclusion of Roma at the local level and strategy of overcoming" is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The goal of the thesis is to answer two main research questions: "What are the specific characteristics of life of the Roma in socially excluded locality Smíchov?" and "How do the Roma living in Smíchov perceive possibilities of the overcoming social exclusion of the Roma?". The theoretical part is insight into the problems of social exclusion of the Roma in the Czech Republic. It outlines the history of the Roma and the general concepts of coexistence of majority and minority. It also contains a description of the specific features of the social exclusion of the Roma in the Czech Republic and opportunities of social work in the Roma community. The theoretical part is followed by empirical part, which is based on a framework analysis of ten interviews with Roma respondents from Smíchov. The research examined the economic situation, social contacts, education level, life satisfaction and difficulties experience of discrimination and attitudes towards media image of Roma, politics and the police.

Darbe analizuojamos skurdžiai gyvenančios šeimos vaikų socialinės atskirties įveikimo galimybės specialiojoje mokykloje. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kad skurdžiai gyvenančios šeimos vaikai, besimokantys specialiojoje mokykloje, yra veiksmingiau įgalinami įveikti socialinę atskirtį lyginant su tos pačios šeimos vaikais, kurie mokosi įprastoje pagrindinėje mokykloje. Tyrimo tipas – kokybinis, dalyvių atranka – kriterinė, tyrimo lauką sudarė šeima, specialioji mokykla, kaimo bendruomenė. Duomenys buvo renkami pusiau struktūruoto interviu, standartizuoto interviu paauglių problemoms įvertinti, stebėjimo ir dokumentų analizės metodais. Gauti tyrimo duomenys rodo, kad skurdžiai gyvenančios šeimos vaikai gali paveldėti tėvų gyvensenos bruožus – nedalyvavimą ugdymo veikloje ir integracijos stoką, žemą motyvaciją, neišmoksta naudotis daiktais, pinigais, planuoti laiką ir veiksmus, neišmoksta taupumo, jiems charakteringa yra ankstyva seksualinio gyvenimo pradžia, jie išgyvena stiprų marginalumo jausmą, neapsaugotumą, priklausomumą ir nevisavertiškumą. Atėję mokytis į įprastą kaimo pagrindinę mokyklą priklausantys skurdo kultūrai vaikai ir mokytojai tarpusavyje nesusikalba, juos diskriminuoja suaugusieji ir bendraamžiai dėl neturto ir „nesuprantamo“ elgesio, dėl išgyvenamų stiprių marginalumo jausmų, neapsaugotumo, priklausomumo ir nevisavertiškumo emocinės būsenos šie vaikai sunkiai adaptuojasi mokykloje. Dėl būdingo skurdui gyvenimo nuolatinėje streso situacijoje tokių vaikų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This research work analyse the possibilities in school for children with special needs to defeat social exclusion of children living with family in Poverty. Results of research establish that children living with family in Poverty and go to in school for children with special needs are more effective enable to overcome social exclusion as compared to children of this family who go to simple secondary school. Results of research also establish children living with family in Poverty are heritors of the poor life some characteristics.

This study focuses on the issue of social exclusion in British tennis. It commences with a critique of current LTA policy, presenting exclusion as static, ahistorical and underpinned by false dichotomies of age and social class. Aspects of Norbert Elias’s theoretical approach are employed throughout as an analytical framework. Initially, the roots of exclusion in British tennis are sought through historical analysis. Aspects of the Civilising Process help direct attention towards wider social processes to explain the prevalence of exclusion, particularly in tennis clubs. Cost was a crucial factor in determining early access, but as tennis became more accessible to lower classes, codes of behavioural etiquette helped demarcate members along status lines. Into the mid-20th century, the globalisation, professionalisation and commercialisation of tennis pushed the LTA to adopt a more performance-oriented outlook, but this has come to oppose the more relaxed culture of tennis clubs. Thus, a power struggle emerged between these two institutions, and, underpinned by thirty interviews with leading figures in British tennis as well as extensive documentary analysis, the third section documents these developments from the 1980s. Crucially, tennis clubs remain largely amateur and voluntary-run organisations, yet are important locations for the implementation of the LTA’s demanding talent development objectives. These recent developments are understood with the help of Elias’s Game Models theory. The fourth section presents findings from a ten-month ethnographic study of social exclusion in a tennis club; a micro-analysis of club member relations underpinned by Elias’s Established-Outsider Relations theory. Overall findings suggest that social exclusion in British tennis is far more complex, multi-faceted and historically-rooted than what current LTA discourse presents. Differences in age and class are less central, and instead preconceived notions of social status based on longevity of membership, adherence to behavioural norms and playing standard are powerful determinants of inclusion.

Contribuir para decifração de problemáticas concernentes à noção de exclusão social no campo da saúde mental, a partir do estudo de moradias para egressos de hospitais psiquiátricos. Os dados são provenientes de diário de campo e depoimentos gravados durante pesquisa em três cidades paulistas. A noção de exclusão social é problematizada em razão de sua nomeação freqüente em discursos e propostas políticas. Segregação espacial e exclusão urbanística são temas abordados, considerando-se como eixo central de discussão os \'sentidos do morar\'. No cotidiano de práticas em Saúde Mental, exclusão associa-se a banimento do convívio social e se amplia para questões sociais discutidas nos âmbitos definidores de políticas. Porém esta ampliação não traz diferença significativa às formulações políticas para além dos sentidos usuais da questão da diferença. Os sentidos do morar, expressos em grupos populacionais diversos e, singularmente, pelos sujeitos, encaminharam a discussão para problematização de políticas e práticas. Estas, quando desconsideram a diversidade de experiências, tendem à reprodução da lógica manicomial que propõem superar, mesmo a partir de propostas nomeadas como \'inclusivas\'. O trânsito entre egressos do manicômio e moradores da cidade, entre áreas do conhecimento e diversidade das práticas, apresenta-se como uma das possibilidades de ruptura com o circulo vicioso que rearticula práticas e discursos tradicionais da psiquiatria. A indagação sobre \'modos de viver\' possibilita recuperar parte da história dos costumes que se perderam com o processo de urbanização; leva-nos a situar questões emergentes no campo da saúde mental junto ao contexto dos problemas das cidades no mundo contemporâneo / The aim of the present work is to contribute to the understanding of problems related to the notion of social exclusion in the mental health field, based on the study of the living places for people egressed from psychiatric hospitals. Data were collected from recorded conversations and registered in field diary during the research in three cities in the state of São Paulo. The notion of social exclusion is approached as it is frequently mentioned in political discourses and proposals. Spatial segregation and urban exclusion are focused, considering the \'meanings of living\' as the central aspect. In everyday practices in Mental Health exclusion is associated to being banned from the social life and it is amplified to social problems in the spheres which define policies but they bring no important difference for policies formulation beyond the usual meanings of the question. The meanings of living, expressed in different populational groups and singularly by each person, guided the discussion to the question of policies and practices. Such practices, when the diversity of experiences is not taken into account, tend to reproduce the manicomial reasoning that they are supposed to overcome, even if they are based on the so called inclusive proposals. The transit among people egressed from the psychiatric hospitals and people living in the city, among knowledge areas and diversity of practices is presented as a possibility of interrupting the vicious circle whichrearticulates the traditional practices and discourse in psychiatry. The understanding of \'ways of living\' allows us to recover part of the story of habits which were lost in the urbanization process and instigates us to consider emergent questions in the field of mental health in the context of problems of the cities in the contemporary world