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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Learning by Digging : A Differentiable Prediction Model for an Autonomous Wheel Loader

Fälldin, Arvid January 2022 (has links)
Wheel loaders are heavy duty machines that are ubiquitous on construction sites and in mines all over the world. Fully autonomous wheel loaders remains an open problem but the industry is hoping that increasing their level of autonomy will help to reduce costs and energy consumption while also increasing workplace safety. Operating a wheel loader efficiently requires dig plans that extend over multiple dig cycles and not just one at a time. This calls for a model that can predict both the performance of a dig action and the resulting shape of the pile. In this thesis project, we use simulations to develop a data-driven artificial neural network model that can predict the outcome of a dig action. The model is able to predict the wheel loader’s productivity with an average error of 7.3% and the altered shape of the pile with an average relative error of 4.5%. We also show that automatic differentiation techniques can be used to accurately differentiate the model with respect to input. This makes it possible to use gradient-based optimization methods to find the dig action that maximises the performance of the wheel loader.
52

[en] A FORMULATION OF DYNAMIC DAMPING OF SOILS IN THE LIGHT OF POROMECHANICS / [pt] UMA FORMULAÇÃO DO AMORTECIMENTO DINÂMICO DE SOLOS À LUZ DA POROMECÂNICA

KARL IGOR MARTINS GUERRA 15 April 2021 (has links)
[pt] A natureza física do amortecimento nos solos e sua formulação matemática têm sido objeto de intensa pesquisa ao longo do último meio século. Estes vários ensaios para explicar os mecanismos de perda de energia durante os episódios de vibração surgem da importância do amortecimento no problema de propagação de ondas para fins de engenharia. O objetivo deste estudo é propor uma maneira alternativa de analisar o fenômeno do amortecimento em solos, considerando o problema de vibração como um problema matemático poromecânico acoplado onde deslocamentos relativos e velocidades entre as duas fases que compõem o material geológico, fluido e sólido, gera forças de interação nas interfaces e pode desempenhar um papel importante na perda de energia vibracional dos solos. Presume-se que o problema seja resolvido na escala de poros, concentrando-se nas condições cinéticas e dinâmicas na interface entre o esqueleto sólido e o fluido de saturação. Variáveis adimensionais que misturam propriedades fluidas e sólidas permitem o acoplamento do problema, resultando no surgimento de uma massa aparente, coeficientes de amortecimento e rigidez que serão introduzidos posteriormente nas equações de movimento. A equação proposta de amortecimento será então justaposta a testes de laboratório e uma comparação com os modelos mais importantes da literatura será feita usando o software DEEPSOIL para análise de propagação de ondas para verificar sua validade. / [en] The physical nature of damping in soils and its mathematical formulation attempts have been the subject of intensive researches along the last half century. These several trials to explain the mechanisms of energy loss during vibration episodes arise from the importance of damping in the wave propagation problem for engineering purposes. The aim of this study is to propose an alternative way to analyze the damping phenomenon in soils by looking at the vibration problem as a coupled poromechanical mathematical problem where relative displacements and velocities in between the two phases that compose the geological material, fluid and solid, generates interaction forces at the interfaces and can play an important role in the vibrational energy loss of soils. The problem is assumed to be solved at the pore scale, focusing on the kinetic and dynamic conditions at the interface in between the solid skeleton and the saturating fluid. Dimensionless variables that mixes fluid and solid properties allows the coupling of the problem, resulting on the rising of an apparent mass, damping and stiffness coefficients that will be introduced later in the equations of motion. The proposed equation of damping will thus be juxtaposed to laboratory tests data and a comparison with the most important models in the literature will be done further using the software DEEPSOIL for wave propagation analysis to check its validity.
53

The long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon in the anthropogenic soils of Scotland's medieval urban landscape

Esiana, Benneth O. I. January 2015 (has links)
In an interdisciplinary study requiring the synergistic association of historical evidence and chemical and biochemical analyses, this thesis investigates the properties and characteristics of historically modified soils known as anthrosols. These soils, developed through the anthropogenic addition of high volumes of organic-rich municipal waste materials to land, including human and animal waste, as part of the waste management practices in medieval urban communities in Scotland at St Andrews, Roxburgh and Elgin, offer an insight to the state and dynamics of these organic material. Soil is one of the most sensitive environmental domains to transformation. These transformations are visible from the alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil. Anthropogenic activities may leave behind signatures in the soil in the form of artefacts, ecofacts, elemental enrichment or depletion, enhancement in soil magnetic properties and organic matter content. In the historical dimension of this study, the observable features and measurable properties of soil profiles are exploited to reveal past organisation and functions of cultural landscapes by carefully studying the stratigraphic units of soil profile, and examining the association of each unit with settlement artefacts and soil properties. Through comparison with historical records of past events on the respective study sites, the relationship between the soils record of past human activities is observed through physical, chemical and biochemical properties. The historical record is used to assess if such evidence can be used reliably to develop the account of site use for the medieval burghs of Scotland. In the environmental aspect, investigation focuses on the physical and chemical conditions of these soils in terms of their carbon content, composition, residence time estimates and their role in global C cycle and terrestrial carbon budgeting. Past investigations of anthopogenically-deepened soils have been interpreted with respect to historical site use, however, the environmental implications of the resultant accumulated organic material or residue have not previously been considered in much detail. A particular novelty of this aspect of the project is that it is an in-depth examination of anthropogenic soils with known histories extending into the medieval period. This time-depth allows a new understanding of the processes and products of decomposition of known organic materials that were added to soil. The biophysicochemical data obtained from these soils such as their extant organic carbon content and variability with depth, the composition of the various carbon species that together constitute soil organic matter, and biological community and activity (microorganisms and enzymes) provides critical information on the relative recalcitrance, state of decomposition, and the mechanism of stabilisation of these materials in the soil.
54

Multi-hazard modelling of dual row retaining walls

Madabhushi, Srikanth Satyanarayana Chakrapani January 2018 (has links)
The recent 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami served as a stark reminder of the destructive capabilities of such combined events. Civil Engineers are increasingly tasked with protecting coastal populations and infrastructure against more severe multi-hazard events. Whilst the protective measures must be robust, their deployment over long stretches of coastline necessitates an economical and environmentally friendly design. The dual row retaining wall concept, which features two parallel sheet pile walls with a sand infill between them and tie rods connecting the wall heads, is potentially an efficient and resilient system in the face of both earthquake and tsunami loading. Optimal use of the soil's strength and stiffness as part of the structural system is an elegant geotechnical solution which could also be applied to harbours or elevated roads. However, both the static equilibrium and dynamic response of these types of constructions are not well understood and raise many academic and practical challenges. A combination of centrifuge and numerical modelling was utilised to investigate the problem. Studying the mechanics of the walls in dry sand from the soil stresses to the system displacements revealed the complex nature of the soil structure interaction. Increased wall flexibility can allow more utilisation of the soil's plastic capacity without necessarily increasing the total displacements. Recognising the dynamically varying vertical effective stresses promotes a purer understanding of the earth pressures mobilised around the walls and may encourage a move away from historically used dynamic earth pressure coefficients. In a similar vein, the proposed modified Winkler method can form the basis of an efficient preliminary design tool for practice with a reduced disconnect between the wall movements and mobilised soil stresses. When founded in liquefiable soil and subjected to harmonic base motion, the dual row walls were resilient to catastrophic collapse and only accrued deformation in a ratcheting fashion. The experiments and numerical simulations highlighted the importance of relative suction between the walls, shear-induced dilation and regained strength outside the walls and partial drainage in the co-seismic period. The use of surrogate modelling to automatically optimise parameter selection for the advanced constitutive model was successfully explored. Ultimately, focussing on the mechanics of the dual row walls has helped further the academic and practical understanding of these complex but life-saving systems.
55

Analysis And Prediction Of Compaction Characteristics Of Soils - An Integrated Approach

Manoj, M 03 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
56

Grundlagen zur Optimierung der Rütteldruckverdichtung

Hell, Marylin 24 June 2024 (has links)
Das Thema der Optimierung der Rütteldruckverdichtung ist seit vielen Jahrzehnten Gegenstand der Forschung. In dieser Arbeit werden die bisher untersuchten Mechanismen und Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst. Es ergeben sich jedoch einige Fragestellungen, aus denen sich die Forschungsfragen der vorliegenden Arbeit ableiten lassen. Die meisten Erkenntnisse sind theoretischer Natur und vieles wurde in der Praxis noch nicht nachgewiesen. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Modellversuchsstand aufgebaut, der die Rütteldruckverdichtung mit einem Modellrüttler realitätsnah abbilden kann. Die darin eingebaute Sensorik wird im Rahmen einer Parameterstudie eingesetzt, bei der Standardversuche zur Rütteldruckverdichtung mit Parametervariationen durchgeführt werden. Durch die Parameterstudie konnten einige Vermutungen, die bisher nur theoretischer Natur waren oder aus der praktischen Anwendung stammen, erstmals nachgewiesen werden. Dazu gehören ein großer Einfluss der Schwingwegamplitude auf die Verdichtung sowie ein starker Einfluss der eingestellten Verdichtungsfrequenz. Diese Parameter sollten optimiert und nicht maximiert werden, da dies die Verdichtung wieder verschlechtern kann. Darüber hinaus hat sich der Vorlaufwinkel als geeigneter Regelparameter erwiesen, da er ein reproduzierbares Verhalten in gleichen Tiefenlagen zeigt. Weiter zeigt er das Ende eines Verdichtungsschritts in der jeweiligen Tiefenlage an, wenn er einen nahezu konstanten Wert erreicht. Zudem konnte durch den Vergleich verschiedener Verdichtungsverfahren die schrittweise Verdichtung gegenüber dem Pilgerschrittverfahren und dem konstanten Ziehen als beste Methode identifiziert werden. Auf Basis der Auswertungen wurde ein neuer Regelparameter eingeführt. Mit Hilfe des Sensorphasenwinkels kann das Bewegungsverhalten des Rüttlers erfasst und ein unrundes Bewegungsverhalten erkannt werden. Des Weiteren konnte ein Einfluss der Spülmethode, des Spüldurchsatzes und der Kornzertrümmerung festgestellt werden. Eine optimierte Verdichtungskontrolle und ein optisches Verfahren zur qualitativen Bewertung der Verdichtung wurden erstmals eingesetzt. Kern der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Optimierung der Rütteldruckverdichtung. Hierzu konnten geeignete Regelparameter identifiziert und in Form eines multikriteriellen Regelalgorithmus umgesetzt werden. Dieser wurde für das Eindringen und Heben vorgeschlagen und erstmals für die Verdichtung angewendet. Der Modellrüttler passte seine Frequenz anhand der aufgezeichneten Sensordaten an die umgebenden Bodeneigenschaften an. Die dabei verwendeten Regelparameter wurden variiert und mit Großversuchen verglichen, um Wege und Potentiale aufzuzeigen, die im Großgerät Anwendung finden sollten. Die vorliegende Arbeit legt den Grundstein, um die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in weiteren Modellversuchen anzuwenden und die neu entstandenen Forschungsfragen zu beantworten. Dadurch kann die Rütteldruckverdichtung optimiert werden, um in Zukunft ressourcenschonender und intelligenter eingesetzt zu werden.
57

Consistent description of radiation damping in transient soil-structure interaction / Konsistente Beschreibung der Abstrahldämpfung bei transienter Boden-Bauwerk Interaktion

Zulkifli, Ediansjah 31 July 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Dynamic soil-structure interaction problems are characterized by an unbounded soil-domain and thus by radiation damping. This radiation damping arises due to wave propagation from the excited structure into the subsoil and may lead to a reduction of the structural response. A consistent description of this radiation damping has been carried out by means of different concepts. A widely used approach truncates the unbounded medium by a special kind of absorbing boundaries which are free of artificial reflection. The resulting finite domain can be treated as usually by finite elements. In this report, an alternative method to represent an unbounded medium in a dynamic analysis is presented. In principle, it is a conjunction of the boundary element method (BEM) in the frequency domain to reproduce the far-field and the finite element method (FEM) in the time domain to analyze the near-field. This alternative procedure avoids the introduction of any artificial boundaries. The procedure is based on a rational approximation of the dynamic stiffness of the unbounded domain in the frequency-domain. In this report, the dynamic stiffness of the unbounded domain is obtained from the BEM. The matrix-valued coefficients of the rational approximation function are determined by means of a least-square procedure. The time-domain representation is achieved by splitting the rational force-displacement relation into a series of linear functions in the frequency-domain corresponding with first order differential equations in the time-domain. This splitting process has been demonstrated as numerically effective and in addition, no Fourier transformation is necessary. In this thesis, dynamic soil-structure interaction problems with a relatively large number of degrees of freedom have been examined. These degrees of freedom arise from the discretization of the coupling interface, internal variables from the splitting procedure and from modeling the structure. The new method is especially suitable for systems with transient excitations as arising from rotating machines at startup and shutdown. The theoretical part of the thesis contains elements of system theory and discusses particularly stability problems arising from the rational approximation. The practical part presents a large amount of convergence studies and numerical results for layered soil and finally represents the propagation damping as a kind of damping ratio which is typically used in elementary structural dynamics. / In der Dynamik der Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion wird der Boden in vielen Fällen durch ein unbegrenztes elastisches Medium beschrieben, wodurch das Phänomen der Abstrahldämpfung begründet wird. Diese Dämpfung entsteht durch Energietransfer von der erregten Struktur in den Boden durch Wellenausbreitung und reduziert somit die Strukturschwingungen. Um das infinite Bodengebiet dennoch durch finite Elemente beschreiben zu können, werden üblicherweise als Hilfsmaßnahme künstliche sogenannte absorbierende Ränder eingeführt. In dieser Arbeit wird eine alternative Methode zur Darstellung des unbegrenzten Mediums in der Dynamik vorgelegt. Im Prinzip handelt es sich um eine Kopplung der Rand-Element-Methode (REM) für den unendlichen Boden (das sogenannte Fernfeld) im Frequenzbereich und der Finite-Element-Methode (FEM) für das Nahfeld im Zeitbereich. Dieses alternative Verfahren vermeidet die Einführung künstlicher Ränder. Das Verfahren basiert auf einer rationalen Beschreibung der dynamischen Steifigkeit des Fernfeldes im Frequenzbereich. Diese Steifigkeit wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit durch die Rand-Element-Methode erzeugt. Die Matrix-wertigen Koeffizienten der rationalen Frequenzfunktion werden durch Minimierung des Fehlerquadrates berechnet. Die Transformation dieser Frequenzdarstellung in den Zeitbereich gelingt durch algebraische Überführung der rationalen Funktion in ein in der Frequenz lineares Hypersystem mit einer zugeordneten Zustandsgleichung erste Ordnung im Zeitbereich. Dieser Prozess hat sich als numerisch effektiv erwiesen und erfordert darüberhinaus keine Fourier-Transformation. Das entwickelte Vorgehen wird in dieser Arbeit an Problemen der dynamischen Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion mit einer großen Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden erprobt. Diese Freiheitsgrade folgen aus der Diskretisierung in der Koppelfuge zwischen Boden und Struktur, der Diskretisierung der Struktur selbst und aus der Überführung in das Hypersystem mittels interner Variablen. Das neue Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere für Systeme mit transienter Erregung, wie sie beim An- und Auslaufen von Rotationsmaschinen ensteht. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit wird geprägt durch Elemente der Systemtheorie und setzt sich zudem mit typischen Stabilitätsproblemen auseinander, die aus der rationalen Beschreibung entstehen. Der praktische Teil präsentiert Konvergenzstudien und numerische Ergebnisse für Boden-Bauwerk- Interaktionsprobleme mit geschichtetem Boden bei transienter Erregung mit Resonanzdurchlauf. Zudem gelingt eine Darstellung der Abstrahldämpfung in Form des Dämpfungsgrades D, wie er in der klassischen Strukturdynamik verwendet wird.
58

Consistent description of radiation damping in transient soil-structure interaction

Zulkifli, Ediansjah 16 July 2008 (has links)
Dynamic soil-structure interaction problems are characterized by an unbounded soil-domain and thus by radiation damping. This radiation damping arises due to wave propagation from the excited structure into the subsoil and may lead to a reduction of the structural response. A consistent description of this radiation damping has been carried out by means of different concepts. A widely used approach truncates the unbounded medium by a special kind of absorbing boundaries which are free of artificial reflection. The resulting finite domain can be treated as usually by finite elements. In this report, an alternative method to represent an unbounded medium in a dynamic analysis is presented. In principle, it is a conjunction of the boundary element method (BEM) in the frequency domain to reproduce the far-field and the finite element method (FEM) in the time domain to analyze the near-field. This alternative procedure avoids the introduction of any artificial boundaries. The procedure is based on a rational approximation of the dynamic stiffness of the unbounded domain in the frequency-domain. In this report, the dynamic stiffness of the unbounded domain is obtained from the BEM. The matrix-valued coefficients of the rational approximation function are determined by means of a least-square procedure. The time-domain representation is achieved by splitting the rational force-displacement relation into a series of linear functions in the frequency-domain corresponding with first order differential equations in the time-domain. This splitting process has been demonstrated as numerically effective and in addition, no Fourier transformation is necessary. In this thesis, dynamic soil-structure interaction problems with a relatively large number of degrees of freedom have been examined. These degrees of freedom arise from the discretization of the coupling interface, internal variables from the splitting procedure and from modeling the structure. The new method is especially suitable for systems with transient excitations as arising from rotating machines at startup and shutdown. The theoretical part of the thesis contains elements of system theory and discusses particularly stability problems arising from the rational approximation. The practical part presents a large amount of convergence studies and numerical results for layered soil and finally represents the propagation damping as a kind of damping ratio which is typically used in elementary structural dynamics. / In der Dynamik der Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion wird der Boden in vielen Fällen durch ein unbegrenztes elastisches Medium beschrieben, wodurch das Phänomen der Abstrahldämpfung begründet wird. Diese Dämpfung entsteht durch Energietransfer von der erregten Struktur in den Boden durch Wellenausbreitung und reduziert somit die Strukturschwingungen. Um das infinite Bodengebiet dennoch durch finite Elemente beschreiben zu können, werden üblicherweise als Hilfsmaßnahme künstliche sogenannte absorbierende Ränder eingeführt. In dieser Arbeit wird eine alternative Methode zur Darstellung des unbegrenzten Mediums in der Dynamik vorgelegt. Im Prinzip handelt es sich um eine Kopplung der Rand-Element-Methode (REM) für den unendlichen Boden (das sogenannte Fernfeld) im Frequenzbereich und der Finite-Element-Methode (FEM) für das Nahfeld im Zeitbereich. Dieses alternative Verfahren vermeidet die Einführung künstlicher Ränder. Das Verfahren basiert auf einer rationalen Beschreibung der dynamischen Steifigkeit des Fernfeldes im Frequenzbereich. Diese Steifigkeit wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit durch die Rand-Element-Methode erzeugt. Die Matrix-wertigen Koeffizienten der rationalen Frequenzfunktion werden durch Minimierung des Fehlerquadrates berechnet. Die Transformation dieser Frequenzdarstellung in den Zeitbereich gelingt durch algebraische Überführung der rationalen Funktion in ein in der Frequenz lineares Hypersystem mit einer zugeordneten Zustandsgleichung erste Ordnung im Zeitbereich. Dieser Prozess hat sich als numerisch effektiv erwiesen und erfordert darüberhinaus keine Fourier-Transformation. Das entwickelte Vorgehen wird in dieser Arbeit an Problemen der dynamischen Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion mit einer großen Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden erprobt. Diese Freiheitsgrade folgen aus der Diskretisierung in der Koppelfuge zwischen Boden und Struktur, der Diskretisierung der Struktur selbst und aus der Überführung in das Hypersystem mittels interner Variablen. Das neue Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere für Systeme mit transienter Erregung, wie sie beim An- und Auslaufen von Rotationsmaschinen ensteht. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit wird geprägt durch Elemente der Systemtheorie und setzt sich zudem mit typischen Stabilitätsproblemen auseinander, die aus der rationalen Beschreibung entstehen. Der praktische Teil präsentiert Konvergenzstudien und numerische Ergebnisse für Boden-Bauwerk- Interaktionsprobleme mit geschichtetem Boden bei transienter Erregung mit Resonanzdurchlauf. Zudem gelingt eine Darstellung der Abstrahldämpfung in Form des Dämpfungsgrades D, wie er in der klassischen Strukturdynamik verwendet wird.
59

[pt] ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA DO COMPORTAMENTO DINÂMICO DE FUNDAÇÕES DE MÁQUINAS / [en] NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS

GABRIEL OLIVEIRA FREITAS SANTOS 25 January 2021 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho analisa excitações verticais dinâmicas de máquinas para fundações com embutimento. Combinações de fundações superficiais e profundas, para simulação de bloco de fundações, são analisadas com uso de diferentes metodologias. Analisam-se soluções de Novak e Beredugo em combinação com Novak e El-Sharnouby, com uso de porcentagens de recalque adicional retiradas do trabalho de Poulos e Davis. Também são analisadas soluções simplificadas de fundações superficiais com embutimento de Wolf em combinação com fundações profundas de Novak e El-sharnouby, com uso de porcentagens de recalque adicional dinâmicas,obtidas com elementos finitos neste trabalho. São comparados os valores de deslocamentos de regime permanente com os obtidos por elementos finitos tridimensionais com uso do programa Plaxis 3D, comprovando a eficácia dos valores de taxa de recalque adimensional dinâmico e uso de modelo simplificado de fundações superficiais de Wolf. / [en] This paper analyzes dynamic vertical loadings due to machine foundations on embedded foundations. Combinations of shallow and deep foundations, to pile raft foundations, are analyzed using diferent approaches. First, solutions of Novak and Beredugo combined with Novak and El- Sharnouby, using additional settlement ratios from Poulos and Davis. Then it is compared to simplified embedded shallow foundations solutions by Wolf combined with Novak and El-Sharnouby, using dynamic additional settlement ratio obtained by finite elements on this paper. Settlements obtained on the steady state regime are compared to the values obtained by tridimensional finite elements using the program Plaxis 3D, proving the efficiency of dynamic additional settlement ratio and the simplified model of shallow foundations by Wolf.
60

Couches absorbantes hybrides multi-pas de temps en dynamique des sols / Multi-time step absorbing layers for soil dynamics problems

Zafati, Eliass 09 June 2015 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse qui a pour objet la génération et l'étude des couches absorbantes dans les problèmes impliquant la dynamique des sols, est divisé en trois parties essentielles. La première consiste à proposer une méthode de dimensionnement des couches absorbantes par l'amortissement de Rayleigh afin de simuler des problèmes de propagation d'ondes dans les milieux infinis. Cette méthode repose sur une analyse mathématique du problème de propagation d'ondes dans un milieu caractérisé par la matrice de Rayleigh, qui nous permet, d'une part, d'établir des conditions de minimisation des réflexions parasites aux interfaces, et d'autre part, de proposer une simple relation de dimensionnement du domaine absorbant basée sur la notion de décrément logarithmique. On se propose dans la deuxième partie d'appliquer une stratégie de couplage des schémas temporels pour des problèmes de propagation d'ondes dans les milieux infinis 1D et 2D. L'approche proposée est d'intégrer le domaine d'étude par un schéma explicite et le domaine absorbant par un schéma implicite, et d'évaluer le potentiel de cette méthode en faisant varier les rapports de pas de temps entre les sous domaines. Une attention particulière est accordée au cas 1D pour lequel l'effet de la finesse du maillage définie par le nombre d'éléments finis par longueur d'onde est également analysé. Par ailleurs, l'évolution du temps de calcul en fonction du rapport entre les pas de temps est étudiée afin d'estimer les gains réalisés par rapport à un calcul de référence où le problème global est intégré uniquement avec un schéma explicite. La dernière partie est dédiée à l'étude des couches amortissantes de type PML ("Perfectly Matched Layer") dans le cadre des couplages hybrides multi-pas de temps. Cette partie est introduite par une étude de stabilité des schémas temporels dans le cas d'une PML en 1D. La couche absorbante PML est intégrée selon un schéma implicite en adoptant des pas de temps plus importants que le domaine d'intérêt intégré selon un schéma explicite. Bien que cette méthodologie de couplage s'avère très efficace pour la reproduction des milieux infinis, les études paramétriques montrent une sensibilité à la taille du pas de temps plus forte que celle exhibée par les couches amortissantes de Rayleigh. / This thesis which deals with the study of absorbing layers for soil dynamics problems, is divided into three essential parts. The first part aims to propose a design method of absorbing layers by the Rayleigh damping to simulate wave propagation problems in infinite media. This method is based on a mathematical analysis of the wave propagation problem in a media characterized by a Rayleigh damping matrix, which allows us, firstly, to establish conditions for minimizing spurious waves at the interfaces, and another hand, to provide a simple design relationship for the absorbing domain based on the notion of the logarithmic decrement. The second part aims to apply the multi-time step strategy for wave propagation problems in 1D and 2D infinite media. The proposed approach is to integrate the physical domain by an explicit scheme and the absorbing domain by an implicit scheme and to evaluate the potential of this method by varying the time step ratio between subdomains. Special attention is given to the 1D case for which the effect of the mesh fineness, defined by the number of finite elements per wavelength, is also analyzed. Furthermore, the evolution of computing time depending on the time ratio is studied in order to estimate the gains made with respect to a reference computation achieved by a full explicit integration. The last part is dedicated to the study of the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) as part of hybrid couplings multi-time step. This section is introduced by a stability study of temporal scheme for 1D cases. The absorbing layer PML is integrated by an implicit scheme with a time step larger than that of the domain of interest. Although this coupling methodology is very effective for the reproduction of infinite media, parametric studies show a sensitivity to the time ratio greater than that exhibited by the Rayleigh damping layers.

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