This thesis analyzes the economic health of the dining establishments in Downtown San Diego, CA, specifically in the vicinity of Petco Park. Opened in 2004, Petco Park is home to the San Diego Padres, a Major League Baseball franchise. In addition, it serves as a venue for outdoor concerts and shows. The venue is used for most of the year due to an expanded Major League Baseball schedule, especially compared to other professional sports. Much of the transformation of San Diego’s Downtown can be attributed to the late 1990’s East Village Revitalization Plan, which included municipal anchors like the San Diego Central Library, the San Diego Convention Center, and Petco Park. By looking at the restaurant industry as of 2019, this thesis strives to provide a better understanding of how an urban entertainment anchor provides grounds for mutually beneficial conditions to small businesses. Additionally, this thesis integrates the concept of economic health into the larger field of knowledge around urban professional sports stadia. Further, this thesis aims to burgeon a framework for taxonomic research of professional sports stadia.

Athletic scholarships are approved by the athletic department and awarded by the University Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid. The athletic business manager was not actively involved in this procedure. The athletic business manager is the individual directly accessible to the financial figures of an athletic department. The process of approving and awarding an athletic scholarship needed to be designed. A computer program was created to aid the athletic business manager in maintaining athletic scholarship information. The computer program is flexible to allow information to be entered or deleted concerning athletic scholarships. Budget allocations for each sport, agreed upon by the athletic business manager and the Director of Athletics, are programmed into the computer. Each time information is entered, adjustments concerning total scholarship expenditures and variances between budget allocations and scholarship expenditures are made. The computer program is a good tool for the athletic business manager in justifying, maintaining, and controlling scholarship costs. The program is capable of generating numerous financial reports. The financial reports may aid the athletic business manager and the A.D. in developing budgets for future athletic scholarships. / Master of Science

During the past few decades, the sport industry has experienced immense pressure to commercialise its operations and conform to traditional business practices (Chadwick 2009:191). With this evolution from a pure leisure activity to a multimillion dollar industry, it has become evident that the unique characteristics and deeply rooted historical culture of sport pose significant challenges for the sport manager during the process of commercialisation and the application of strategic management. The aim of this study was to analyse the current business environment of Cycling South Africa (CyclingSA) in such a way that the factors in the micro-environment, market environment and macro-environment that impact on the organisation‟s strategic decisions could be identified. The results should allow sport organisations to engage more effectively in strategic management by focusing on factors that influence the sport organisation‟s business environment in particular. A survey of CyclingSA members‟ perceptions of the organisation‟s current effectiveness in the business environment revealed a strong focus on financial and marketing elements. The study also found that factors such as loyalty programmes, talent identification and sport science support, safety in the physical environment, antidoping regulations, transformation and black economic empowerment and environmental friendly practices play a key role in CyclingSA‟s business environment. It is evident from the study that sport organisations, with specific reference to CyclingSA, should engage in strategic management by adapting traditional business principles to suit each organisation‟s unique needs. / Business Management / M. Comm.(Business Management)

Corridas de Aventura são um multiesporte de resistência aeróbia e resistência de força de alta demanda física que combinam diferentes modalidades esportivas em competições que podem durar de horas a dias, caracterizando expedições. As Unidades de Conservação abertas ao uso público, como é o caso de Parques Nacionais e Estaduais, são comumente cenários para esse tipo de atividade esportiva, além de outras. O grande fluxo de visitantes (praticantes e espectadores dos eventos) em áreas naturais e consequente aumento da pressão antrópica desporto-recreativa sobre os ecossistemas provocam preocupação com os impactos negativos que podem ser gerados por estes eventos em ambientes naturais. Apesar do destaque dado aos impactos positivos como a geração de renda local e aproximação do homem com a natureza, é sabido que atividades desporto-recreativas têm potencial para afetar negativamente o solo, a vegetação, a fauna e os recursos hídricos. Particularmente no caso das Corridas de Aventura, a longa extensão dos eventos em tempo e distância somada ao grande número de competidores exige avaliação e discussão para que medidas preventivas e compensatórias destes impactos sejam incluídas no planejamento dos eventos possibilitando assim o que a conservação de áreas naturais propõe: uso consciente e contínuo. Neste trabalho foram analisados regulamentos de eventos de Corrida de Aventura ocorridos no Brasil, e aplicados questionários a organizadores e atletas participantes destes eventos procurando estabelecer se existem o conhecimento e a preocupação com relação aos potenciais impactos sugeridos na bibliografia fundamental da Ecologia da Recreação. Gestores de unidades de conservação federais abertas ao uso público foram também questionados sobre os impactos positivos e negativos da realização de eventos de Corrida de Aventura em áreas naturais protegidas. A partir das informações obtidas o objetivo foi auxiliar o estabelecimento de medidas de planejamento e manejo para melhor acomodar tais manifestações esportivas considerando as realidades da demanda do uso público recreativo e dos objetivos de conservação das unidades de conservação brasileiras. / Adventure Races are an endurance multisport composed of several physical activities. Races may endure hours or days, featuring outdoor expeditions. Protected areas opened to the general public, such as National and State Parks, are often settings for Adventure Races. Thus, the increasing flow of visitors (athletes and spectators) in protected areas and the stress they may impose on ecosystems due to recreational activities raise concerns that despite the positive effects on local micro economy brought by recreational use in protected areas, such use might also bring negative effects. Specifically in the case of Adventure Races the long extension in time and space of the events added to increasing popularity among participants and spectators demands evaluations regarding ecosystem impacts and management so that recreational use in this particular form might continue in a sustainable manner. This research aimed to analyse Adventure Races\' rules as well as to interview races\' organizers and participants in search of trends in Adventure Races\' organization in Brazil. It also sought whether or not, and to which extent these organizers and adventure sports\' consumers took into consideration environmental issues and not only logistical and financial factors when choosing the location, date and rules for a race. Finally, national park managers were also questioned about their professional perceptions towards the positive and negative impacts that Adventure Races had in their work areas. Based on the information gathered from the tree stakeholders the final goal was to aid the establishment of proper management actions focused on developing Adventure Races so that they will better meet the demands in public use and the objectives of conservation in protected areas.

What happened to women who are former athletic directors of intercollegiate athletic programs during each of the four stages of the departing experience was the problem of this study. A qualitative design using personal interviews for data collection and ethnoscientific explanation for analysis of the data were used to study thirty-one women who were athletic directors between 1975 and 1986. Analytical tasks performed for each of the four levels of analysis helped answer research questions directed toward finding patterns among women in the following areas: what happened to them within and throughout the four stages of the departing experience, reasons they left the position of athletic director, and satisfaction in their subsequent job. Analysis of the data established that the departing experience occurred in four stages. How the subjects responded to the way that opportunities for female student-athletes were offered during each st3ge of the departing experience determined whether they were in positive or negative circumstances. Sixteen subjects either were in positive circumstances throughout the departing experience or ended it in positive circumstances. Fifteen subjects were either in negative circumstances throughout the departing experience or ended it in negative circumstances. The ability to reevaluate their beliefs and values, adapt to changes in their programs, make rational decisions, and influence others to support their decisions determined whether they were in positive or negative circumstances in each stage of the departing experience. In general, the findings of this study support literature on women in administrative positions and literature on the effects of job loss and job change.

Title: Marketing research of the participants' satisfaction European Week of Women in the years 2009 - 2011. Goals: Presentation and interpretation of results of marketing research in the years 2009 - 2011, test hypotheses, recommendations for event organizators according to obtained results. Method: Quantitative research in the years 2009 - 2011, written questioning, analysis of costumer satisfaction. Results: Particular discoveries are presented in practical part of the work, verify predetermined hypotheses, they are important source of information for event organizators and reflect the evolution of participants' satisfaction in the years 2009 - 2011. Key words: marketing, marketing mix, marketing research, customer satisfaction, sports management, sports marketing.

Students, grades 3-5, completed instruments assessing perceived physical ability and school engagement. No significant relationships were found or differences noted for categories of BMI. The culture and focus of the school may explain this.

Despite more than $1 trillion spent annually on poverty remediation, impoverishment in the United States persists unabated. With a U.S. poverty rate greater than 10% for more than 4 decades, economics are neither poverty's cause nor cure. As such, non-economic poverty remedies require exploration and expansion. Linking greater leadership and poverty theories, this non-experimental, cross sectional, quantitative, survey-based research effort correlated individualized consideration's (IC) practice with collegiate athlete graduation rates in order to identify and isolate possible leadership based social poverty remediation measures. Leveraging a two-stage random sample, this research effort correlated student athlete Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (form 5X) responses with educational attainment. An ANOVA of 210 participants (rs = .77) indicated a strong correlation between IC practice and athlete matriculation rates. Strong correlational relationships indicate transformative leadership may serve to advance educational attainment and power poverty remediation. Results further suggest developmental leader actions (rs = .68) were significantly more integral to follower progression than supportive leadership behaviors (rs = .37). Research effort findings offer comprehensive individual, communal, institutional, and societal modification opportunity while promising advancement for society's most disadvantaged members. Finally and most importantly, this research supports positive social change through human forward progression, improving life-conditions for society's most disadvantaged members.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact corporate stadium naming rights. In particular, this project will assess consumer perceptions of stadium naming rights as a means for determining its effectiveness as a marketing approach. A survey of CSUSB students was conducted in order to obtain their perceptions of the relative marketing attractiveness of naming rights for a local minor league baseball stadium.

The decline in the number of customers in the private country club (PCC) industry in the United States is causing a reduction of revenues, which inhibits the sustainability of the clubs. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore marketing innovation strategies (MIS) that Arizona PCC managers used to attract and retain customers successfully. Relationship marketing theory was the conceptual framework; key constructs of the theory include customer loyalty, service quality, experience satisfaction, trust, and communication. The study explored successful MIS that PCC managers have used to attract and retain customers to prevent closure. Participants consisted of 1 manager from 4 different PCCs in Arizona who used MIS successfully to attract and retain customers. Data were collected from semistructured, open-ended interviews and from marketing documents and website content. Data were analyzed using a 6-phase approach to thematic analysis. The 3 primary themes that emerged included broadening the marketing message to entice people to frequent the club; creating experiences that rated high in satisfaction by members, guests, and employees; and using a variety of communication media. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by helping PCCs to remain in operation, which could benefit local communities by providing employment opportunities at the clubs and venues for local charities to raise funds.