Initially driven by a strong need for increased computational performance in science and engineering, heterogeneous systems have become ubiquitous and they are getting increasingly complex. The single processor era has been replaced with multi-core processors, which have quickly been surrounded by satellite devices aiming to increase the throughput of the entire system. These auxiliary devices, such as Graphics Processing Units, Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other specialized processors have very different architectures. This puts an enormous strain on programming models and software developers to take full advantage of the computing power at hand. Because of this diversity and the unachievable flexibility and portability necessary to optimize for each target individually, heterogeneous systems remain typically vastly under-utilized. In this thesis, we explore two distinct ways to tackle this problem. Providing automated, non intrusive methods in the form of compiler tools and implementing efficient abstractions to automatically tune parameters for a restricted domain are two complementary approaches investigated to better utilize compute resources in heterogeneous systems. First, we explore a fully automated compiler based approach, where a runtime system analyzes the computation flow of an OpenCL application and optimizes it across multiple compute kernels. This method can be deployed on any existing application transparently and replaces significant software engineering effort spent to tune application for a particular system. We show that this technique achieves speedups of up to 3x over unoptimized code and an average of 1.4x over manually optimized code for highly dynamic applications. Second, a library based approach is designed to provide a high level abstraction for complex problems in a specific domain, stencil computation. Using domain specific techniques, the underlying framework optimizes the code aggressively. We show that even in a restricted domain, automatic tuning mechanisms and robust architectural abstraction are necessary to improve performance. Using the abstraction layer, we demonstrate strong scaling of various applications to multiple GPUs with a speedup of up to 1.9x on two GPUs and 3.6x on four.

Orientadores: Laurecir Gomes, Luiz Carlos Alves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiroa_MariadasNeves_D.pdf: 2089352 bytes, checksum: b6d8c26d5559031071110da172790cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O câncer de pênis é raro em países industrializados, mas frequente em países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil figura dentre os países com maior incidência, marcadamente em suas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Apesar do conhecimento de aspectos clínicos dessa enfermidade, ainda há carência de estudos sobre prognóstico, risco de metástases assim como recorrência do câncer de pênis, sendo a pesquisa de marcadores tumorais uma ferramenta importante para subsidiar a conduta terapêutica. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de caracterizar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do câncer de pênis no estado de Pernambuco e avaliar a expressão de biomarcadores tumorais em amostras de carcinoma de células escamosas neste órgão. Em estudo analítico, retrospectivo ao período de 2000 a 2009, transversal, foram incluídos 305 pacientes submetidos à penectomia no Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco. Características sociodemográficas, de exposição a fatores de risco, diagnóstico, grau histológico, estadio tumoral e tratamento foram as variáveis levantadas. Adicionalmente realizou-se a imunomarcação dos antígenos c-Myc, MMP-2, receptor Toll-like 2, TNF-? e p53, bem como a determinação do índice apoptótico de amostras de tumor de pênis de células escamosas de 50 pacientes submetidos a penectomia no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, com idade entre 30 e 84 anos. As amostras foram classificadas de acordo com grau histológico após coloração por Hematoxilina-Eosina. A análise epidemiológica evidenciou maioria de pacientes idosos, com baixa escolaridade e renda, residentes fora da região metropolitana do Recife. Os primeiros sinais e sintomas identificados foram tumores ou úlceras associados à dor, em pacientes com higiene precária, fimose e tabagismo, como fatores de risco. O carcinoma de células escamosas, Grau I e sem metástase predominou e a penectomia parcial foi o tratamento mais realizado. Quando analisados os biomarcadores nas amostras tumorais, foi identificado aumento significativo na imunorreatividade para p53 nos tumores de Graus II e III. Nos tumores de Graus I e II houve aumento da imunorreatividade da MMP-2 e menor nos de Grau III, com marcante remodelação da matriz extracelular nos tumores de baixo grau o que pode caracterizar a neoangiogênese desse microambiente. A imunorreatividade para o antígeno Toll-like2 revelou decréscimo com aumento do grau histológico tumoral, bem como houve alta e constante imunorreatividade no TNF?. O estudo epidemiológico permitiu concluir que é necessário implantar um programa permanente para promoção da educação em saúde, objetivando mudança de comportamento da população no sentido de prevenir a doença. A imunomarcação nas células tumorais mostrou que a utilização de marcadores tumorais é uma ferramenta eficaz que pode contribuir significativamente para prognóstico e definição da conduta terapêutica / Abstract: Penile carcinoma is rare in developed countries, however it is frequent in developing countries. Brazil is among the countries with the highest incidence, markedly in its North and Northeast regions. Although its clinical aspects are known, there is still a lack of studies on prognosis, metastasis risk, as well as the recurrence of penile cancer, and the immunohistochemistry of tumoral markers is an aspiration. The research was directed to characterize clinical and epidemiological aspects of penile cancer in Pernambuco State, Brazil and to evaluate the expression of tumoral biomarkers in samples of penile squamous cell carcinoma. In a cross section study, retrospective from 2000 to 2009, 305 patients, submitted to penectomy at the Cancer Hospital of Pernambuco, were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to risk factors, diagnosis, histological grade, tumoral status and treatment were the variables employed. Additionally, this study proceeded to the immunostaining of the antigens c-Myc, MMP-2, Toll-like receptor 2, TNF-? and p53, as well as to the determination of the apoptotic index of samples of penile squamous cell carcinoma of 50 men, undergoing penectomy at Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, aged from 30 to 84 years old. The samples were classified as to histological grade after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The epidemiological analysis highlighted that most subjects were elder; with low education and income level, and lived outside the metropolitan region of Recife. The first signs and symptoms were tumors or ulcers associated with pain in patients having precarious hygiene, phimosis and smoking, as risk factors. The squamous cell carcinoma grade I, without metastasis, predominated. Partial penectomy was the most common treatment. By analyzing biomarkers in tumoral samples, a significant increase in the immunoreactivity of p53 was identified in grade II and III tumors. In Grade I and II tumors, there was increased immunoreactivity for MMP-2, but it was lowest in Grade III tumors, with remarkable remodeling of the extracellular matrix of low grade tumors. This could be used to identify neoangiogenesis of this microenvironment. The immunoreactivity for the Toll-like 2 antigen diminished with increasing tumoral histological grade, while there was a high and constant immunoreactivity for TNF?. The epidemiological study leads to the conclusion that there is a need to implement a permanent program to promote health education, aimed at changing this population's behavior so as to prevent the disease. The immunostaining of tumoral cells demonstrated that the use of tumoral markers as an efficient tool that can significantly contribute to prognosis and definition of therapeutic management / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutora em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientador: Luis Otavio Zanatta Sarian / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Espinola_JulianaPinho_M.pdf: 1240354 bytes, checksum: 34a7239599b84aef026d5c350942383d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Introdução: O estadiamento do câncer de mama envolve a avaliação adequada da extensão local e distante da doença, e deve ser feito de maneira precisa, a fim de levar a um correto diagnóstico, e indicação de terapia adequada. Os tumores são classificados de acordo com o American Joint Comitee on Cancer (AJCC), tanto clínica, quanto patologicamente, não sendo levadas em consideração as características moleculares. Ainda não se sabe como a avaliação das características dos pacientes e seus tumores pode limitar a avaliação correta do estadiamento clínico do câncer de mama. Neste estudo, foram examinados fatores que podem, em teoria, ser associadas a uma discrepância entre o estadiamento clínico e patológico dos tumores de mama em mulheres virgens de tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre o estadiamento clínico e patológico do câncer de mama em função das características clinicas e moleculares das pacientes. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, sendo coletados dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e anátomo-patológico de 226 pacientes operadas no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti Hospital ¿ CAISM- UNICAMP, de janeiro de 2008 a setembro de 2010. Foram incluídas mulheres submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico primário de câncer de mama, com carcinoma ductal invasivo ou carcinoma lobular invasivo. Foram excluídas da análise pacientes submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante, metastáticas ou já tratados para câncer de mama anteriormente. Resultados: As pacientes que foram subestadiadas eram mais jovens (idade ao diagnóstico = 52,2 anos; p < 0,01) e sintomáticas ao diagnóstico (p = 0,04) em relação às pacientes corretamente estadiadas ou superestadiadas. O subtipo clinico-patológico, status menopausal, paridade, história prévia de câncer de mama, a terapia hormonal e histologia (se ductal ou não-ductal) não foram associados com a diferença no estadiamento clinico e patológico. Detectamos que as mulheres com menos de 57 anos de idade foram clinicamente subestadiadas principalmente devido à subestimação do T (p < 0,001) assim como as mulheres na pré-menopausa (p < 0,01). Por outro lado, as pacientes cujo diagnóstico foi realizado por queixa clínica, e não rastreamento, foram clinicamente subestadiadas devido à subestimação do N (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O estudo nos mostra que o subtipo clinico-patológico não está associado a diferenças de estadiamento, enquanto mulheres mais jovens, e que tiveram seu diagnóstico por queixa clínica e não por rastreamento, tendem a ter seus tumores mais frequentemente subestadiados / Abstract: Background: The staging of breast cancer involves the proper assessment of local and distant extent of disease, and should be done accurately in order to lead to a correct diagnosis and indication of appropriate therapy. Tumors are classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), both clinically and pathologically, not taking into account molecular characteristics. It is unclear how the evaluation of patient characteristics and their tumors may limit the correct evaluation of the clinical stage of breast cancer. In this study, we examined factors that can, in theory, be associated with a discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging of breast tumors in women undergoing surgery. Objective: To evaluate the concordance between clinical and pathological staging of breast cancer on the basis of clinical and molecular features. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study developed at Women's Hospital Prof. Dr. Jose Aristodemo Pinotti ¿ UNICAMP, from January 2008 to September 2010. We included 226 women undergoing primary surgical treatment for breast cancer, whose histological samples could provide material for the accurate diagnosis of cancer and its staging. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with metastasis or treated previously for breast cancer were excluded from the analysis. Results: The understaged patients were younger (age at diagnosis = 52.2 years; p <0.01) and symptomatic at diagnosis (p = 0.04) compared with correctly staged or overstaged patients. The clinical-pathological surrogates subtype, menopausal status, parity, previous history of breast cancer, hormone therapy and histology (if ductal or non-ductal) were not associated with a difference in clinical and pathological staging. We found that women under 57 years of age were clinically understaged mainly due to underestimation of T (p <0.001) as well as women in pre-menopause (p < 0.01). On the other hand, patients whose diagnosis was made by clinical complaints, and not by screening, were clinically understaged due to underestimation of N (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that clinical-pathological surrogates subtypes were not associated with understaging, whereas younger women, and who had their diagnosis by clinical complaints and not by screening, tend to have their tumors more often understaged / Mestrado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

Syften med den här uppsatsen är att fördjupa kunskapen om hur Alfonso Cuarón använder sigav staging/blocking, kamerarörelse och bildkomposition för att förebåda olycka i filmenRoma från 2018. Studien kommer att använda sig av bildsemiotisk metod för att analyserautvalda scener som kretsar kring huvudkaraktären Cleo och hennes förhållande med Fermínsamt den graviditet som följer.Uppsatsen uppmärksammar Cuaróns användning av långa tagningar och långtskärpedjup, för att kunna nyttja detaljer i bakgrunden av sin mise-en-scène som en kommentarpå förgrunden. Cuarón använder sig av linjer och tredjedelsregeln för att vägleda tittarensögon mot det som är väsentligt. Detaljerna i bakgrunden tillsammans med filmens stagingskapar i sin tur symboler/tecken som förebådar eller varnar för saker som kommer händasenare i filmen.

Orientador: Cristiano Claudino Oliveira / Resumo: Background: O estadiamento de pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin inclui avaliação da medula óssea (MO). No caso da análise da MO por meio de material obtido na biópsia, buscam-se células de padrão Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg em meio a fundo reacional. O presente estudo avaliou a utilização da imunoistoquímica como ferramenta para ampliar o poder de detecção da da infiltração nas amostragens de MO. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 68 pacientes com diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin entre 1998 e 2017, que tiveram seus prontuários médicos revisados e suas de biópsias e/ou aspirados de medula óssea revistos morfologicamente. Estudo de imunoistoquímica com CD30 e CD15 foram realizados. Os dados tabulados O valor de p considerado significante foi quando menor que 0,05. Resultados. Hipercelularidade (n=33, p=0,019), plasmocitose (n=23, p=0,009), aumento de reticulina (n=14, p=0,002), granulomas (n=5, p=0,000) e histiocitose (n=31, p=0,001) foram os parâmetros que tiveram melhor associação com a detecção de infiltração neoplásica pela imunoistoquímica. O marcador CD30 foi mais útil para utilização do que o CD15. Conclusão: A utilização do CD30 amplia a precisão do diagnóstico de infiltração e o aumento dareticulínica, a plasmocitose, a histiocitose e a presença de granulomas na medula óssea representam fatores indicativos da necessidade de complementação da avaliação morfológica com a técnica imunoistoquímica. / Abstract: The process of staging in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma includes evaluation of bone marrow (BM) where the presence of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells are looked for in the background. The present study evaluated the use of immunohistochemistry as a tool to increase the detection power of the infiltration in the BM samples. Material and methods: 68 patients with a diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma were selected, between 1998 and 2017. Their medical records were reviewed as well as the bone marrow aspirates and / or biopsy samples. Immunohistochemical study with CD30 and CD15 were performed. The tabulated data The value of p considered significant was when less than 0,05. Results: hypercelullarity (N = 33, p = 0.019), plasmacytosis (n = 23, p = 0.009), reticulin increase (n = 14, p = 0.002), granulomas (n = 5, p = 0.000) and histiocytosis n = 31, p = 0.001) were the parameters that had the best association with the neoplastic infiltration of the BM confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The CD30 marker was more useful for use than the CD15. Conclusion: The use of CD30 amplifies the accuracy of the diagnosis of infiltration and the increase of reticulin, plasmacytosis, histiocytosis and the presence of granulomas in the bone marrow represent indicatives of the need to complement the morphological evaluation with the immunohistochemical technique. / Mestre

No description available.

Diploma thesis deals with the design of the condensing steam turbine with power output 23.63 MW at 5000 rpm and an efficiency of 84.17% after optimization. The turbine contains one controlled steam extraction and four bleeds. The steam mass flow required by controlled steam extraction is 0-75 t/h of a total mass flow to the turbine 105 t/h. Design of the steam turbine is preceded by calculation of heat balance of the cycle. Then the thermodynamic and strength calculation of regulation stage and reaction staging flow channel are made. Thermodynamic calculation of the flow channel consists of preliminary and detailed calculation. It is detailed calculation that leads to the turbine parameters optimization. The design also includes gland sealing system and balance piston calculation. In addition to the strength calculation there is bearings load calculation included. In the end, the consumption diagram is made, showing the interval by which the turbine can be safely operated. Integrated part of the thesis is conceptual drawing of steam turbine section.

Introducción: El cáncer de estómago, posee una de las más altas incidencias a nivel mundial. En el Perú, no existe un adecuado registro y reporte de casos, que permita una evaluación de los clásicos y nuevos factores descritos en la literatura, así como de factores propios del carcinoma. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el desarrollo de metástasis en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico y el patrón en anillo de sello. Materiales y Métodos: Ejecutamos un estudio de casos y controles en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de estómago. Se definió como caso, a todo paciente que desarrolló metástasis y como control, aquel paciente que no desarrolló metástasis, nuestra exposición de interés fue el tipo de adenocarcinoma. Resultados: Evaluamos 174 casos y 93 controles. La edad promedio en los casos y controles fue de 58,8 y 58,6, respectivamente. El 86,78% de casos y 61,29% de controles fueron diagnosticados en estadios avanzados. Además, se evidenció que los casos presentaron una mayor posibilidad 5,57 veces (IC95%: 1,76 – 17,62) de haber presentado los subtipos anillo de sello en conjunto con otros subtipos histológicos en comparación a los controles. Conclusiones: En pacientes con cáncer gástrico que desarrollaron metástasis, el hallazgo del patrón en anillo de sello no es un factor asociado al pronóstico negativo. Por el contrario, podemos afirmar que en las personas con cáncer gástrico que desarrollaron metástasis es probable que hayan presentado algún patrón histológico que haya co-existido con el subtipo adenocarcinoma en anillo de sello. / Background: Stomach cancer has one of the highest incidences worldwide. In Peru, there is no adequate record and report of cases, which allows an evaluation of the classic and new factors described in the literature, as well as factors typical of carcinoma. Objective: To determine the association between the development of metastasis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and the histopathological pattern in signet ring cell. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) in patients diagnosed with stomach cancer. It was defined as case, to any patient who developed metastases and as a control, that patient who did not develop metastases, our exposure of interest was the type of adenocarcinoma. Results: We evaluated a total of 174 cases and 93 controls. The average age in cases and controls was 58.8 and 58.6, respectively. The majority of cases (86,78%) and controls (61,29%) were diagnosed in advanced stages (greater than 2). Likewise, it was evidenced that the cases presented a greater possibility 5.57 times (IC 95%: 1.76 - 17.62) of having presented the seal ring subtypes in conjunction with other histological subtypes compare to the controls. Conclusions: In patients with gastric cancer who developed metastases, the finding of the signet ring pattern is not a factor associated with the negative prognosis. On the contrary, we can affirm that in people with gastric cancer who developed metastases it is likely that they have presented some histological pattern that has co-existed with the adenocarcinoma subtype in the seal ring. / Tesis

The diploma thesis examines a drama translation and its changes for staging purposes. The thesis strives for interdisciplinarity, for it enriches the theoretical-analytical approaches of translation studies with practical dramaturgy insights of the creators of the stagings. The thesis analyses Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman (1949) as translated by Luba and Rudolf Pellar (1962). Their literary translation is subjected to a translation analysis under Peter Newmark's model of analysing a translation (1988). Subsequently, the thesis examines the types and the extent of the changes in the scripts for stagings used in the Czech National Theatre in 1993-1996, and in the current staging in the Municipal Theatres of Prague (premiere in 2019) while employing their comparison with the Pellars' published translation. Key words: translation studies, translation of drama, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller, Luba and Rudolf Pellar, staging, dramaturgy

Les quarante "Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages" constituent l'immense majorité du corpus dramatique de langue française du XIVe siècle. Malgré cette importance historique majeure, ces pièces n'ont jusqu'à aujourd'hui pas fait l'objet d'une étude littéraire spécifique. Victimes du manque de légitimité poétique que l'on prête au théâtre médiéval en général, mais aussi tributaires de leur apparente simplicité, ces drames présentent pourtant de nombreuses similarités qui témoignent de l'homogénéité stylistique du corpus. Envisageant tour à tour le corpus en tant que texte, spectacle et livre, le présent travail vise donc à rendre raison de sa concertation dramaturgique. L'étude se donne d'abord pour objet de repérer les lois implicites du recueil : tandis qu'une analyse en synchronie permet de dégager les lois structurelles et discursives du corpus, une étude en diachronie permet de comprendre ses lois de composition, élaborées au fil du temps et des expériences scéniques. C'est finalement dans le dialogue incessant entre la scène et les spectateurs que s'élabore la spécificité du Miracle dramatique, dont la dramaturgie propose une approche singulièrement subtile de son public. Cette relation étroite entre la scène et les spectateurs se poursuit lors du passage des pièces de l'espace scénique à l'espace du livre. Mises en drame, en scène et en texte, ces quarante histoires miraculeuses offrent finalement l'évidence de la profonde cohérence de leurs transpositions successives. Témoignages de la vocation éducative des confréries, elles s'avèrent être de riches et étonnants objets de théâtre, dont la portée esthétique ne s'est pas tout à fait éteinte. / The forty "Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages" stand for the immense majority of the dramatic French-language corpus of the fourteenth century. Despite this major historical importance, these plays have not been the subject of a specific literary study. Despised for the lack of poetic legitimacy attributed to medieval theater in general and for their apparent simplicity, these dramas present many similarities which show the evidence of the stylistic homogeneity of the corpus. Considering in turns the corpus as a text, a show and a book, this work aims to reveal the dramaturgical project behind the plays. First of all, this study intends to identify the implicit laws of the collection. A synchronic analysis allows to identify the structural and discursive laws of the corpus, while a diachronic study reveal its laws of composition, created by succesives scenic experiences. Finally, the specificity of the dramatic Miracle appears to be based on this constant dialogue between the stage and its audience. This close relationship continues as the pieces move from the stage space to the book space. Dramas, stagings and texts, these forty miraculous stories offer the evidence of the deep coherence of their successive transpositions. As these plays are proofs of the brotherhoods' educational vocation, they turn out to be amazing theater objects, whose aesthetic significance has not quite extinguished.