<p>Kvicksilverutsläppen har på senare år minskat i omfattning men utsläpp sker fortfarande och det finns ett stort lager i naturen. Oorganiskt kvicksilver är relativt ofarligt för levande organismer, men i akvatiska miljöer kan sulfatreducerande bakterier under syrefria förhållanden omvandla oorganiskt kvicksilver till den betydligt mer skadliga formen metylkvicksilver, meHg, som även är mer biotillgängligt än oorganiskt kvicksilver. Kvicksilver biomagnifieras uppåt i trofinivåerna, från att vara lägst halter i plankton och bottenfauna till att vara högst halter i rovfiskar. Kvicksilver ackumuleras även i fiskars muskelvävnad vilket innebär att yngre fiskar har lägre Hg-halter än gamla och stora individer. På grund av detta finns kostråd framtagna av Livsmedelsverket. Saluförd abborre, liksom ett flertal andra fiskarter, får inneha maximalt 0,5 mg Hg/kg fiskmuskel (färskvikt) och för gädda är gränsen satt till 1 mg Hg/kg fiskmuskel (färskvikt). Organiskt kvicksilver kan påverka foster negativt, och därför bör kvinnor i fertil ålder i största möjliga mån undvika kvicksilverrik fisk.</p><p> </p><p>Examensarbetet syftar till att belysa kvicksilversituationen i Stockholms skärgård för stationär kustfisk. Information har samlats in dels genom en litteraturstudie och dels genom fältundersökningar utförda av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. Genom statistisk analys och stegvis multipel regression visades att kvicksilverhalten i sediment, vattnets klorofyllhalt och områdets vattenvolym bidrog med förklaringsgrad till halten Hg i fisk. Utifrån de mest signifikanta förklarande variablerna togs en statistisk modell fram i syfte att kunna prediktera teoretiska kvicksilverhalter i fisk. Olika modellkombinationer testades och utgående från en modellvalidering valdes den bästa modellen ut. Dess förklaringsgrad är 81 % där kvicksilverhalten i sediment är modellens enda variabel.</p><p> </p><p>Kvicksilversituationen i Stockholms skärgårds kustområden visades grafiskt med hjälp av interpolerade GIS-kartor. Samma områdesavgränsningar användes som i SMHI:s havsområderegister. Det visades att situationen över lag är relativt god, med undantag för de centrala delarna av Stockholm och på så vis kan Stockholm ses som en förorenande punktkälla.</p> / <p>Mercury emissions have been reduced in recent years but the discharges still exist and there exist a great mercury stock out in the nature. Inorganic mercury is relatively harmless for living organisms but during shortage of oxygen, sulphur reducing bacteria can transform inorganic mercury into the considerable more toxic substance methyl mercury, meHg, that are more bio available than inorganic mercury. Mercury biomagnify upwards the trophic levels, where the lowest content exists in algae and sediment living fauna and the highest content exist in predator fishes. Mercury also accumulates in fishes muscle tissue, meaning that young fishes have lower mercury content than old and big individuals. Food advices from the Swedish food agency exist because of this. Perch offered for sale are allowed to have a content of maximum 0.5 mg Hg/kg fish muscle (wet weight) and for pike the upper boundary content is 1 mg Hg/kg fish muscle (wet weight). Inorganic mercury can affect foetus negatively, and therefore women in fertile age should avoid fish with high mercury content for as long as possible.</p><p> </p><p>The aim of this exam work is to illustrate the mercury situation in the archipelago of Stockholm regarding stationary coast fish. Information was collected through a literature study and by field examines done by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. Through statistical analyses and stepwise multiple regression it was shown that the mercury content in sediment, chlorophyll and the water volume of the area contributed by statistical explanation to the mercury concentration in fish. On the basis of the most significant variables a statistical model was created, with the purpose of predicting theoretical mercury contents in fish. Different model combinations were tested and by a model validation the best model were chosen. Its statistical explanation is 81 % were the mercury content in the sediment is the only input variable to the model.</p><p> </p><p>The mercury situation in the Stockholm archipelago was presented graphically by interpolated maps created with GIS. The same area boundary as SMHI’s maritime registry was used. It was shown that the situation in general is relatively good, with the exception of the central parts of Stockholm. Because of this Stockholm can be seen as a polluting point source.</p>

Kvicksilverutsläppen har på senare år minskat i omfattning men utsläpp sker fortfarande och det finns ett stort lager i naturen. Oorganiskt kvicksilver är relativt ofarligt för levande organismer, men i akvatiska miljöer kan sulfatreducerande bakterier under syrefria förhållanden omvandla oorganiskt kvicksilver till den betydligt mer skadliga formen metylkvicksilver, meHg, som även är mer biotillgängligt än oorganiskt kvicksilver. Kvicksilver biomagnifieras uppåt i trofinivåerna, från att vara lägst halter i plankton och bottenfauna till att vara högst halter i rovfiskar. Kvicksilver ackumuleras även i fiskars muskelvävnad vilket innebär att yngre fiskar har lägre Hg-halter än gamla och stora individer. På grund av detta finns kostråd framtagna av Livsmedelsverket. Saluförd abborre, liksom ett flertal andra fiskarter, får inneha maximalt 0,5 mg Hg/kg fiskmuskel (färskvikt) och för gädda är gränsen satt till 1 mg Hg/kg fiskmuskel (färskvikt). Organiskt kvicksilver kan påverka foster negativt, och därför bör kvinnor i fertil ålder i största möjliga mån undvika kvicksilverrik fisk.   Examensarbetet syftar till att belysa kvicksilversituationen i Stockholms skärgård för stationär kustfisk. Information har samlats in dels genom en litteraturstudie och dels genom fältundersökningar utförda av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. Genom statistisk analys och stegvis multipel regression visades att kvicksilverhalten i sediment, vattnets klorofyllhalt och områdets vattenvolym bidrog med förklaringsgrad till halten Hg i fisk. Utifrån de mest signifikanta förklarande variablerna togs en statistisk modell fram i syfte att kunna prediktera teoretiska kvicksilverhalter i fisk. Olika modellkombinationer testades och utgående från en modellvalidering valdes den bästa modellen ut. Dess förklaringsgrad är 81 % där kvicksilverhalten i sediment är modellens enda variabel.   Kvicksilversituationen i Stockholms skärgårds kustområden visades grafiskt med hjälp av interpolerade GIS-kartor. Samma områdesavgränsningar användes som i SMHI:s havsområderegister. Det visades att situationen över lag är relativt god, med undantag för de centrala delarna av Stockholm och på så vis kan Stockholm ses som en förorenande punktkälla. / Mercury emissions have been reduced in recent years but the discharges still exist and there exist a great mercury stock out in the nature. Inorganic mercury is relatively harmless for living organisms but during shortage of oxygen, sulphur reducing bacteria can transform inorganic mercury into the considerable more toxic substance methyl mercury, meHg, that are more bio available than inorganic mercury. Mercury biomagnify upwards the trophic levels, where the lowest content exists in algae and sediment living fauna and the highest content exist in predator fishes. Mercury also accumulates in fishes muscle tissue, meaning that young fishes have lower mercury content than old and big individuals. Food advices from the Swedish food agency exist because of this. Perch offered for sale are allowed to have a content of maximum 0.5 mg Hg/kg fish muscle (wet weight) and for pike the upper boundary content is 1 mg Hg/kg fish muscle (wet weight). Inorganic mercury can affect foetus negatively, and therefore women in fertile age should avoid fish with high mercury content for as long as possible.   The aim of this exam work is to illustrate the mercury situation in the archipelago of Stockholm regarding stationary coast fish. Information was collected through a literature study and by field examines done by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. Through statistical analyses and stepwise multiple regression it was shown that the mercury content in sediment, chlorophyll and the water volume of the area contributed by statistical explanation to the mercury concentration in fish. On the basis of the most significant variables a statistical model was created, with the purpose of predicting theoretical mercury contents in fish. Different model combinations were tested and by a model validation the best model were chosen. Its statistical explanation is 81 % were the mercury content in the sediment is the only input variable to the model.   The mercury situation in the Stockholm archipelago was presented graphically by interpolated maps created with GIS. The same area boundary as SMHI’s maritime registry was used. It was shown that the situation in general is relatively good, with the exception of the central parts of Stockholm. Because of this Stockholm can be seen as a polluting point source.

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[pt] A empresa petrolífera estudada define a meta para o estoque total de petróleo utilizando inúmeros fatores, porém não considera em sua metodologia os custos despendidos no transporte marítimo. Durações de estadia acima do padrão geram custos adicionais substanciais no processo de movimentação de petróleo e o conhecimento dos fatores que afetam a estadia pode auxiliar na identificação das ações que devem ser tomadas para redução dos custos. Desta forma, com o propósito de contribuir para a redução dos custos de transporte marítimo, o objetivo do trabalho é verificar a dependência entre a estadia de navios em um grande terminal da empresa e outras variáveis da cadeia de suprimentos. Os dados históricos de estadia de navios, estoque, produção, refino, venda e compra de petróleo, nos anos de 2016 e 2017, foram obtidos dos sistemas internos da companhia, e foram avaliados estatisticamente. A regressão que melhor explicou a quantidade de navios aguardando atracação no terminal estudado conteve como variáveis independentes o estoque total da empresa, o refino, o estoque de petróleo dos terminais e refinarias atendidas pelo terminal estudado e o valor da quantidade de navios aguardando atracação no período anterior. Utilizando a equação do modelo selecionado, é constatado que elevações no estoque total de petróleo provocam um aumento no custo de estadia 11 porcento maior que o aumento do custo financeiro do estoque. Assim, com base nos resultados obtidos, esse trabalho propõe que o impacto do nível de estoque na estadia dos navios deve ser considerado no cálculo do estoque meta, o que trará ganhos de dezenas de milhões de dólares ao ano para a empresa estudada. / [en] The petroleum company studied sets the target for the total oil stock using many factors, but does not consider in its methodology the costs incurred in shipping. Length of stay above the standard will generate significant additional costs in the oil transportation. Knowledge of the factors that affect the stay can help identify the actions that must be taken to reduce costs. Thus, in order to contribute to the reduction of shipping costs, the objective of this work is to verify the dependence between the stay of ships in a large terminal of the company and other variables of the supply chain. The historical data on the duration of the ship stay, inventory, production, refining, sale and purchase of oil in the years 2016 and 2017 were obtained from the company s internal systems and were statistically evaluated. The regression that best explained the number of ships waiting berthing at the terminal studied contained as independent variables the company s total oil stock, the refining, the oil stock of the terminals and refineries served by the terminal studied and the number of ships waiting berthing in the previous period. Using the equation of the selected model, increases in the total oil inventory cause a 11 percent higher excess of stay cost than the increase in the financial cost of the stock. Thus, based on the results obtained, this work proposes that the impact of the inventory level on the ship s stay have to be considered in the calculation of the target stock, which will bring tens of millions of dollars a year earnings for the company studied.

[pt] Esta dissertação aborda o tema de Integração de Projeto e Manufatura, designado pelo acrônimo inglês de DMI (Design-Manufacuring Integration). Trata-se de um novo e crescente campo de pesquisa dentro da Gerência de Operações. DMI é definido como um conjunto de práticas de integração, coordenação e colaboração, que unificam diferentes áreas funcionais da organização (e.g., vendas, marketing, desenvolvimento de novos produtos, manufatura e compras) com a finalidade de criar valor e impacto no desempenho das empresas. Nas últimas décadas, as organizações estão enfrentando uma feroz concorrência e competem simultaneamente em qualidade, eficiência, flexibilidade e entrega de produtos cada vez mais complexos, com ciclos de vida mais curtos e demandas flutuantes. Por conseguinte, requerimentos de sistemas de planejamento e controle em empresas de manufatura são cada vez mais complexos. Esse contexto levanta a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Em diferentes contextos do ambiente em que se desenvolve a organização, as práticas de integração produzem o mesmo impacto sobre o desempenho? Resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma escassez de pesquisas empíricas rigorosas sobre o impacto do DMI no desempenho operacional da manufatura, sob a lente de efeitos moderadores da incerteza do mercado e da complexidade do mercado. Incerteza é entendida como a falta de habilidade de predizer ou prever devido à aleatoriedade do ambiente externo, que não pode ser alterado pelas ações das empresas individuais ou gerentes; e complexidade é entendido como sendo o estado ou qualidade de ser intricado ou complicado. O objetivo principal da Dissertação é identificar e medir o impacto do DMI sobre o desempenho operacional da manufatura, sob o efeito moderador da Complexidade da manufatura e da Incerteza do mercado. Os dados de 725 produtos da indústria de metal e fabricantes de máquinas (ISIC 3.1, código 28-35) foram obtidos em 21 países a partir da quinta rodada do International Manufacturing Strategy Survey e foram usados para testes das hipóteses. As escalas foram validadas por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória e analisadas com regressão múltipla hierárquica passo a passo. DMI impacta positivamente em três dimensões do desempenho operacional da manufatura (qualidade, flexibilidade e entregas). Complexidade da manufatura modera a flexibilidade e entrega, mas não a qualidade. A incerteza do mercado não apareceu como um moderador para a relação entre a DMI e desempenho operacional da manufatura. Profissionais devem perseguir implementações do DMI, em níveis mais elevados de complexidade de manufatura. Mais pesquisas devem se concentrar na incerteza do mercado, e fortalecer o construto de incerteza com a incerteza tecnológica. / [en] Design-Manufacturing Integration (DMI) is a new and growing research field in Operations Management. The primary goal of the Dissertation is to identify and measure the DMI impact on manufacturing operational performance. The research findings point to a paucity of rigorous empirical research on the impact of DMI on manufacturing operational performance under the lens of moderating effects of market uncertainty and market complexity. Data from 725 metal products and machinery manufacturers (ISIC 3.1, code 28-35) in 21 countries from the fifth round of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey was used for hypotheses tests. Scales were validated with confirmatory factor analysis and analyzed with hierarchical stepwise multiple regressions. DMI positively impact on the three dimensions of manufacturing operational performance (quality, flexibility, and delivery). Manufacturing complexity moderates flexibility and delivery but not quality. Market uncertainty did not appear as a moderator for the relationship between DMI and manufacturing operational performance. Practitioners should pursue DMI implementations, under higher levels of manufacturing complexity. Further research should focus on market uncertainty, and strengthen the construct of uncertainty with technological uncertainty.

<p>This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. </p><p>The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart.</p><p>The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. </p><p>Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. </p><p>The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.</p>

This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart. The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.