Changing climates, human population growth, and aging infrastructure threaten the availability and quality of one of life's most vital resources, water. Hydrological ecosystem services are goods and benefits derived from freshwater that include flood damage mitigation, water for agricultural and commercial use, swimmable and navigable waters, and healthy aquatic habitats. Using computer algorithms inspired by biological and ecological processes known as evolutionary algorithms and on-site stormwater management practices such structural best management practices (BMPs) and green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), this research aims to maximize hydrological ecosystem services at the watershed-scale in both agricultural and urban environments by integrating these algorithms with the watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the hydraulic model Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). This dissertation first develops an information theoretic approach to global sensitivity analysis for distributed models, demonstrated using SWAT, and later uses the sensitive model parameters in a multi-objective automatic calibration scheme using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Multiple alternative watershed-scale BMP designs (parallel terraces, detention/infiltration ponds, field borders, and grade stabilization structures) that help minimize peak runoff and annual sediment yield were simultaneously identified using SWAT coupled with the species conserving genetic algorithm (SCGA). Finally, using recently developed economic estimates called triple bottom line (TBL) accounting, watershed-scale GSI designs are identified that reduce combined sewer overflow volumes in an urban setting while maximizing the net benefit across social, economic, and environmental categories. Overall, this dissertation research provides useful and relevant computer-based tools for water resources planners and managers interested in maximizing hydrological ecosystem services benefits.

Background: As the Earth heads towards the zone of exceedance, there is a highlighted importance in contributing towards sustainable development. The sustainable development goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations, act as guidance to integrate environmental, social, and economic aspects, to ensure a sustainable future.  However, research is missing on the interconnection between the need to engage stakeholders in the Port and the SDGs. Researching the port of Le Havre is used as an example to demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the actors’ activities and their level of engagement regarding sustainability. Purpose: This thesis aims to analyze the sustainability strategies taken by the stakeholders in the port industry based in the port of Le Havre and identify the key elements to achieve the SDGs by engaging the stakeholders.  Method: The study aligns with an interpretive analysis, where qualitative multiple exploratory case studies were carried out. Through semi-structured interviews, the researchers were able to assess the sustainable activities realized by the stakeholders. By analyzing the data using a coding procedure, five aggregate dimensions emerged. Conclusion: This study suggests that the stakeholders and their awareness of sustainability are essential to achieve the SDGs. In addition to this conclusion, the findings also suggest they should act collectively towards meeting the SDGs, to ensure a holistic and long-lasting strategy towards sustainability.

The severe and far-reaching impact of the crisis in the past few years has promptedcompanies to rethink the inadequacies of the crisis response. Although the previous literatureregarded threat rigidity and innovation to response challenges. The study on utilisingsustainability to withdraw a crisis and how a corporation can develop a framework fornavigating its operation during the crisis is still limited. Additionally, sustainability has beengaining particular attention after the pandemic crisis which led to several environmental,social, and economic consequences.This thesis research aims to analyse a business case study with secondary data and conductsemi-structured interviews with a supervisor, specialist, and director from Intercos Group, onhow sustainability can be a possible approach to overcome a crisis within a corporation whilealso enhancing a business’s performance.The findings showed that implementing the triple-bottom-line framework, which aligns withthe principles of Sustainable Development, has been influential in guiding the corporation’spractices. Three highly effective approaches – transparency, market-oriented qualityapproach, and sustainable value optimization - derived from the three -dimensional elementsselected for this research transparency, values and markets which showed that it caneffectively address crises. By adopting these approaches, corporations can enhance internaland external communication, foster transparent and open dialogues, create additional valuefor stakeholders, and uncover new business opportunities during critical times. This enablescorporations to become more resilient, reliable, and innovative in their crisis responsestrategies. Our research enriches the previous content on corporate sustainability and providesnew ideas for creating sustainable corporate development strategies. At the same time, wehave devoted our efforts to advancing the practical application of the triple bottom lineframework in sustainable enterprise development during times of crisis.

This study is an introduction to the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and TripleBottom Line (TBL) utilization in Swedish born global firms. The purpose of this study was toexplore how born globals utilize CSR and TBL and thus contribute to the research field withnew knowledge. The knowledge gap found by the researchers was the lack of foundationalknowledge of the field born globals, CSR and TBL together. The research questionsconcerned the utilization of CSR and TBL, what negative aspects of CSR and TBL were seenby the companies and what parts of CSR and TBL were most important. This study wasconducted on Swedish born global firms utilizing sustainability practices. A conceptualframework was generated by the concepts born global, CSR and TBL to visualize theirconnection. The purpose and the questions were fulfilled and answered by conductingsemi-structured interviews with four Swedish born global companies of different sizes andindustries. To further develop the analysis, Archie B Carroll's input was added. What could beconcluded from this study was that the companies had different ways of utilizing CSR.Furthermore, the negative aspects of working sustainably with CSR and TBL was seen aseconomical and time consuming. The positive aspects were the other values gained for thefirms externally which overweighted the negative costs. Thus has this research contributed tomanagers within born global firms as well as the theoretical research field of born globals andCSR.

Bakgrund: De ökande utsläppen av växthusgaser som bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen gör hållbarhet till ett viktigt ämne i dagens samhälle. Godstransporter står för en betydande del av dessa utsläpp och än idag drivs mer än 90% av Sveriges lastbilar av fossil diesel. Samtidigt ökar behovet av transporter som tillgodoser samhällets alla behov vilket påverkar aktörer från ett ekonomiskt, socialt och miljömässigt perspektiv. Detta gör att åkeriföretag får stor betydelse för hela supply chains vilket gör att hållbarhet kan vara viktigt som konkurrensmedel. Sverige har som mål att inrikestransporter ska nå netto noll i växthusgasutsläpp år 2045 vilket innebär att åkeribranschen står inför stora utmaningar. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka förståelsen för hur svenska åkeriföretag som utför vägburna godstransporter i Sverige kan bli mer konkurrenskraftiga via hållbarhetsarbete utifrån sociala, miljömässiga och ekonomiska faktorer, dvs Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Metod: Studien är utformad enligt en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en tvärsnittsdesign där ett realistiskt perspektiv appliceras. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in via dokument och 16 semistrukturerade intervjuer med intervjupersoner från 13 olika åkeriföretag samt branschorganisationen Sveriges Åkeriföretag, vilka valdes ut med hjälp av ett kriteriestyrt urval i kombination med ett snöbollsurval. Slutsats: Genom att utgå ifrån företagets unika förutsättningar arbetar svenska åkeriföretag med hållbarhetsåtaganden utifrån hela TBL för att skapa konkurrensfördelar. Det finns en mängd olika framgångsfaktorer och hinder som påverkar åkeriföretags omställning till mer hållbara verksamheter och för att skapa hållbara och attraktiva värdeerbjudanden använder åkeriföretag i huvudsak en hybridstrategi med tyngdpunkt på hållbarhet som differentiering med inslag av lågkostnadsstrategi. Genom att använda sina interna resurser och samtidigt anpassa sig efter externa omvärldsfaktorer samt de begränsningar som naturen sätter skapar åkeriföretagen en unik kombination i ett värdeerbjudande där samtliga dimensioner i TBL behöver balanseras på ett sätt som transportköpare finner attraktivt.

Titel: Hållbarhetsredovisning i Allmännyttan. Hur redovisas social hållbarhet? Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Anders Persson Handledare: Alice Schmuck Datum: 2023 - juni Syfte: Syftet med studien är att jämföra och försöka förstå bakgrunden till hur den sociala aspekten av hållbarhet redovisas av de största kommunala bostadsföretagen inom Sveriges Allmännytta. Studien ska på ett övergripande sätt jämföra och analysera hållbarhetsredovisningarna utifrån den sociala dimensionen och dessutom undersöka hur de sociala nyckeltalen rekommenderade av Sveriges Allmännytta (2019) används. Metod: Den metod som använts i studien är en kvalitativ textanalys, där texterna som analyserats är tio utvalda kommunala bostadsbolags hållbarhetsredovisningar. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att det behövs fastare riktlinjer för hur social hållbarhet ska redovisas av de kommunala bostadsbolagen i Sveriges Allmännytta. En enhetlig struktur och gemensamma nyckeltal skulle öka transparensen och klargöra hur bolagen fullföljer sitt uppdrag med att skapa en hållbar boendemiljö. Studien har visat att nuvarande rekommenderade sociala nyckeltal inte används i någon större omfattning. Examensarbetets bidrag: Den rekommendation som Sveriges Allmännytta ger angående social hållbarhetsredovisning skulle behöva omformuleras till ett krav på medlemsföretagen. Ett krav att den sociala hållbarhetsredovisningen ska följa en viss struktur och redovisa specifika sociala nyckeltal för att öka transparens och jämförbarhet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att studera resultat av sociala satsningar samt att formulera en miniminivå gällande krav på social redovisning i Allmännyttan.

Globaliseringen är något som påverkat världen på många sätt, bland annat genom en ökad levnadsstandard. Tyvärr har detta skett på bekostnad av miljömässiga och sociala förhållanden. För att motverka att fortsatt utveckling sker på bekostnad av miljömässiga och sociala förhållanden har allt fler företag inkluderat hållbarhet i sin verksamhet. Samtidigt är en sådan implementering kostsam, vilket skapar ett problematiskt ställningstagande för företag i och med att ett företags huvudsyfte är lönsamhet och konkurrenskraft. Samtidigt finns det positiva följder av hållbarhet såsom en förbättrad relation, ökad tillit och förtroende mellan företaget och dess kunder. För att skapa incitament till att fler företag ska bli hållbara krävs en förståelse för hur företag kan vara både hållbara och konkurrenskraftiga, något som denna studie syftar till. Detta görs inom kontexten för palmolja. Studien är genomförd i formatet av en fallstudie där fyra världsledande multinationella palmoljeproducenter studerades. Datainsamlingen bestod av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att analysera fallföretagens hållbarhet används modellen triple bottom line. Resultaten visar att det är av stor vikt att ta i beaktning alla delar av värdekedjan samt att fokusera på både miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter av hållbarhet. Detta kan bland annat innebära avståndstagande mot skövling av regnskog samt att arbetsförhållandena på plantagen är acceptabla. För att uppnå detta krävs samarbete inom sektorn. Genom att agera hållbart är det möjligt att differentiera sig mot konkurrenter och på så sätt uppnå konkurrenskraft på sikt.

One of the most critical issues of our time is sustainability. Simultaneously, techno optimism is prevailing in public discourse suggesting that technology will create a sustainable future without requiring drastic changes. Despite the connection that is often drawn between technology and sustainability and the presence of technologies in organisations, research combining the two concepts remains limited and does not account for the interplay of social values and technological artefacts. To overcome this incomplete picture of technology, this thesis employs sociomateriality to investigate how sustainability and technology are understood in relation to each other by young sustainability practitioners in for-profit organisations. Following the social constructivist philosophy, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted which show that practitioners recognise the environmental and social limits to development and use the triple bottom line (TBL), consisting of economic, environmental and social dimensions to translate sustainability into organisations. However, TBL implementation varies between organisations showing the difficulty of unifying organisational sustainability in one concept. Furthermore, young sustainability practitioners understand technology as sociomaterial, describing the interplay between an artefact’s affordances and restraints, and the practitioner’s configuration work that co-create outcomes. Moreover, the interviewees are optimists not because they rely on technology, but they believe in human’s ability to change which differs from techno optimism. It can be concluded that practitioners are critical about relying on technology for sustainability and believe that sustainability is created through an interplay of humans with technology, transferring responsibility to humans. When it comes to creating a sustainable future, they first struggled to envision an alternative future beyond technological developments but started imagining when given space to reflect. One outcome of the research is that young sustainability practitioners must be given room to reflect on their understanding of sustainability, technology and their relationship as the first step to taking actions to create the future.

The steel industry is in a critical situation where the industry contributes to global warming through its emissions, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. There are higher demands from various stakeholders and laws and regulations are becoming increasingly strict. The steel industry has been forced to change its processes and production in whole or in part to meet these demands. The production of steel must become more sustainable and therefore innovative solutions are required to promote sustainable steel production. The purpose of this study is to investigate how possible requirements for sustainability have affected the innovative work in the Swedish steel industry. The survey is based on the work of two Swedish steel companies. These are being compared regarding innovation and sustainability strategies to see if there are similarities and/or differences in their work. The purpose of the study is fulfilled through literature studies and interviews with two case companies in the Swedish steel industry. The collected empirical data in the study shows that both companies work actively with their innovation and sustainability work. Both companies have a vision to reduce their use of fossil sources and instead move towards a more fossil-free steel production. The case companies also have a strong focus on circularity and the use of scrap. What differentiates the two companies is their production techniques where they have applied different innovation strategies. Even their sustainability requirements differ in some ways due to the size of the company. Research on the connection between stakeholders' sustainability requirements and the innovation work in the Swedish steel industry was something that was missing. The study has therefore identified the research gap and tried to contribute information to this area. The study has contributed information about which stakeholders' sustainability requirements promote innovative solutions with the aim of reducing the steel industry's emissions. Further research can study whether the stakeholders can set higher demands and see what change this would have led to.

Humanity as for now is living in the future and sustainability issues are the daily challenges for the planet, and not a future problem any longer. The trend for sustainable development is pointing in the wrong direction and the pressure on natural resources is increasing. Research suggests stakeholders demand and reward responsibility from companies. The work for sustainable development requires extensive cooperation between companies, and people. Adopting a stakeholder perspective and meeting demands of various stakeholder groups means that companies today have even more relationships that they engage in than before. Companies rely on each other to be able to make an impact. An individual alone cannot make any changes but rather the society needs to act united to deal with these sustainable issues our world faces. Earlier studies emphasize that relationship marketing has the potential to assist sustainable efforts positively. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the role of relationship marketing in the sustainable development context, focusing on customers’ and the network’s view on sustainability. The theoretical framework is based on relationship marketing, co-creation and the key mediating variables of relationship marketing model and was inspired by both the empirical data and previous research. Further, to explain sustainable development, concepts such as stakeholder perspective and triple bottom line were used. To achieve the study’s purpose, empirical data was collected through conducting an inductive qualitative case study using non-probability sampling in the outdoor furniture industry. Data collected consists of field observations and semi-structured interviews. Data was processed and analyzed through transcription and coding. Findings imply strong relationships and cooperation are essential for effective sustainable efforts. The concept of sustainable development is diffuse and difficult to grasp. It was also implied that there is a disconnect in shared core values regarding sustainability between the business network and the market in this case study. However, theory suggests the role of relationship marketing is to push the narrative of sustainability, even if demand is low. Practical implications and recommendations suggest adopting co-creation processes to increase mutual learning and understanding of complex concepts such as sustainable development.