In today's society it is clear that the accelerating climate change comes from human activities and in particular, emissions from both traffic and industry. It has become increasingly important to defend a sustainable society and there is therefore a great need to constantly develop and secure the necessary resources. Due to this, sustainability requirements in public procurement are an important part of triggering companies to engage in sustainable development.The purpose of this study is to review how public procurement can contribute to a sustainable society as well as investigate what municipal companies can do to meet future sustainability requirements. The study is based on a qualitative empirical case study. It has been used both primary and secondary data to gather reliable theory and empirical data. The empirical data was collected through interviews and documentary review. The theoretical part of the study was collected through literature, compilations of earlier publications, texts and documents. The result shows that sustainability requirements currently imposed on public procurement are something that is constantly being developed. These requirements include requirements for systematic environmental work, creditworthy companies and contractual wages. The conclusions that can be drawn are that public procurement can contribute to a sustainable society by setting sustainable requirements, thus making companies compelled to comply with these requirements. Furthermore, it has been found that companies should, among other things, review the follow-up and conduct more supplier meetings to contribute to a sustainable society. A more open and well-functioned dialogue between the company and the supplier should also be undertaken as to formulate better sustainability requirements.

The study aims to compare public procurement practices in four municipalities in Kronobergs County and analyze procurement requirements and monitoring from an environmental sustainability perspective, which is of high importance in today's society. The study reveals a significant shortage of resources for both requirement setting and monitoring, directly linked to the available municipal resources. The municipalities need to undertake various activities, such as market analysis and monitoring, but there are concerns about whether they have sufficient resources in terms of knowledge, expertise, time, and personnel to carry out these tasks effectively. The allocation of responsibilities within the procurement process is unclear, and the municipalities tend to delegate responsibilities to different entities. This is likely due toinadequate management responsibility and insufficient political decisions. Procurement officers also play a crucial role, but if the responsibility allocation is unclear and the involved individuals perceive it as challenging, it leads to a lack of accountability throughout the process. Overall, regardless of their size, municipalities do not adhere to the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for continuous improvement. It was also observed that many municipalities discussed similar issues in requirementsetting and monitoring, indicating an overlap between these areas. / Studien syftar till att jämföra offentligt upphandlingsarbete i fyra kommuner i Kronobergs län och analysera upphandlingskrav och uppföljning utifrån ett miljömässigt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Bristen på resurser för kravställning och uppföljning är betydande och kopplad till tillgängliga kommunala resurser. Kommunerna behöver genomföra flera moment, som marknadsanalys och uppföljning, men det finns frågetecken kring om de har tillräckliga resurser i form av kunskap, kompetens, tid och personal för att göra det effektivt. Ansvarsfördelningen inom upphandlingsprocessen är otydlig, och kommunerna tenderar att delegera ansvaret till olika avdelningar eller verksamheter. Detta beror troligtvis på bristande ledningsansvar och otillräckliga politiska beslut. Upphandlarna har också en viktig roll, men om ansvarsfördelningen är oklar och de involverade personerna upplever det som besvärligt, leder det till bristande ansvarstagande genom hela processen. Generellt sett följer inte kommunerna, oavsett storlek, PDCA-cykeln för kontinuerliga förbättringar. Det noterades att många kommuner diskuterade liknande ämnen inom kravställning och uppföljning, vilket tyder på att dessa områden överlappar varandra.

The steel industry is in a critical situation where the industry contributes to global warming through its emissions, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. There are higher demands from various stakeholders and laws and regulations are becoming increasingly strict. The steel industry has been forced to change its processes and production in whole or in part to meet these demands. The production of steel must become more sustainable and therefore innovative solutions are required to promote sustainable steel production. The purpose of this study is to investigate how possible requirements for sustainability have affected the innovative work in the Swedish steel industry. The survey is based on the work of two Swedish steel companies. These are being compared regarding innovation and sustainability strategies to see if there are similarities and/or differences in their work. The purpose of the study is fulfilled through literature studies and interviews with two case companies in the Swedish steel industry. The collected empirical data in the study shows that both companies work actively with their innovation and sustainability work. Both companies have a vision to reduce their use of fossil sources and instead move towards a more fossil-free steel production. The case companies also have a strong focus on circularity and the use of scrap. What differentiates the two companies is their production techniques where they have applied different innovation strategies. Even their sustainability requirements differ in some ways due to the size of the company. Research on the connection between stakeholders' sustainability requirements and the innovation work in the Swedish steel industry was something that was missing. The study has therefore identified the research gap and tried to contribute information to this area. The study has contributed information about which stakeholders' sustainability requirements promote innovative solutions with the aim of reducing the steel industry's emissions. Further research can study whether the stakeholders can set higher demands and see what change this would have led to.

Vår tids största utmaning är den globala uppvärmningen. Trots en ökad medvetenhet kringhållbarhet i samtliga branscher stiger temperaturen på jordklotet. Bygg- ochfastighetsbranschen står för 21% av Sveriges inhemska växthusgasutsläpp och bär ett stortansvar för arbetet mot målen i Agenda 2030. De traditionella entreprenadupphandlingarfokuserar endast på bästa pris. Invanda arbetssätt bör bearbetas, där konkurrenskraften iupphandlingsskedet kan utnyttjas bättre.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur upphandlande myndigheter implementerarhållbarhetskrav vid offentlig upphandling enligt lagen om offentlig upphandling, LOU, förROT-projekt av flerbostadshus. Studien är av explorativ karaktär och bygger på kvalitativtmaterial där tre analyser kombineras. Med kompetens inom hållbar offentlig upphandling hartolv personer intervjuats. Tillsammans med en omfattande litteraturstudie samt en praktisknulägesanalys belyser studien goda exempel och vägleder upphandlande myndighet blandverktyg för implementeringen av uppföljningsbara hållbarhetskrav. Dessutom presenterasincitament och förutsättningar för hållbar offentlig upphandling i harmoni med Agenda 2030:smål 11, 12 och 13 i form av en checklista.Av studiens resultat framgår att ämnet är relativt ostuderat, där uppföljning av hållbarhetskravär den minst utvecklade delen av hållbar upphandling. Social hållbarhet pekas ut somsvårbemästrat generellt. Ambition från kommunen, mandat för upphandlaren och ansvarigöver uppföljningen är förbättringsområden och behövs för att vikten av hållbarhet ska öka vidoffentlig upphandling. Vidare efterfrågas reglering av LOU med striktare direktiv och störreöppenhet kring likabehandlingsprincipen.Att utföra en fallstudie av en hållbar offentlig upphandling utifrån denna studies checklista ärett intressant område för vidare forskning.

Purpose: Today's society is constantly moving towards a more conscious and committed attitude about working increasingly sustainable. To ensure that the construction industry with both major environmental and societal impact is involved, there are standardized legal requirements and environmental certifications that need to be met by the construction companies. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate factors for how medium-sized construction companies can best implement sustainability work. The aim of this qualitative study is to focus on ecological and economic sustainability as well as how construction companies can implement increased sustainability work in their daily work. The study was conducted at a medium-sized construction company in the Jönköping area. Method: The methods used in this study are proven methods such as literature study, interview study and document observations for data collection. The literature study is used as a bedrock for the interview study and document observation since the early literature study is used as a preliminary study in the subject. Interviews and document analysis are applied to provide information where there is lack of knowledge. Results: After the methods have been applied, it is evident that the sustainability work is only applied according to legal requirements when no higher demands are made by the client or the company. The construction company have abstract goals that are difficult to interpret by the recipient, the employee. It is also shown that the knowledge among employees is low and the perceived amount of training in sustainability in the company is low. The case company has no designated "sustainability officer", questions and suggestions can be emailed to an email address, but there is no clear procedure for how these suggestions should be dealt with. Consequences: The sustainability work has been passive; the present state is based on the absence of sustainability requirements from the permanent organization. The need of more clear goals and concrete descriptions of how to meet the goals are also needed. There are also no requirements from the permanent project organization. There are rarely requirements from the client, which means that the sustainability work is often only applied to the extent of time and with the site manager's own set requirements and goals. The knowledge about sustainability is thin among the employees concerned, which has meant that own decisions regarding sustainable choices could not be made and possibly affected the commitment to the construction company. Employees felt that it needed fewer choices, clear routines and requirements regarding sustainability work. Limitations: The study focuses on ecological and economic sustainability; social sustainability has been excluded as it affects people's conditions in society. In this study, ecological sustainability will not be specified, the study will research commitment and important parameters to successfully sustainability work. The exact direction that the company should take, or has taken, will not be determined in this study.

Hållbarhet är ett brett begrepp som kan definieras på många olika sätt. I denna rapporten undersöks hållbarhet utifrån produktens perspektiv, med avseende på produktutvecklingsprocessen. Mer specifikt är det sättet som man arbetar och tar beslut på i produktutvecklingsprojekt med avseende på produktens hållbarhet som står i centrum. Två företag som sysslar med farkoster analyseras i rapporten, där det ena företaget arbetar med utveckling av vägfordon och det andra med komponenter till flygplansmotorer. Metodiken bakom arbetet består av en litteraturstudie samt en intervjustudie där två respondenter från respektive företag intervjuas med hjälp av en förberedd intervjuguide.  Resultatet av intervjustudien presenteras sedan, uppdelat i olika teman som är relaterade till hållbarhet. Dessa teman diskuteras sedan i relation till den teoretiska referensramen. Resultaten av rapporten var till stor del överensstämmande med litteraturstudien och då båda företagen är involverade med farkoster som använder fossila bränslen uppstod flera likheter i deras hållbarhetskravshantering. Ett exempel på detta är bland annat när i produktutvecklingsprocessen identifiering av hållbarhetskrav sker. Aspekter som beslutsprocessen, hanteringen, ansvaret och utvärderingen av hållbarhetskrav visade sig vara komplicerade, och även fast teorin gick att applicera på mycket var det inte ovanligt att frågor kring dessa områden inte hade något definit svar. För vidare forskning föreslås exempelvis en djupare analys av produktutveckling av produkter med lång livslängd och hur detta samspelar med hållbarhet för produkten. Även återkommande begrepp i rapporten som livscykelperspektiv är rekommenderade aspekter av hållbarhet för vidare forskning kring, då detta framstod som relativt nytt i respektive betraktat företag. / Sustainability is a broad concept that can be defined in many different ways. In this report sustainability is examined from the product's perspective, with respect to the product development process. Specifically, it is the way that companies work and make decisions in product development projects in regards to the product's sustainability that is the central subject. Two companies that work with vehicles were analyzed in the report, where the first company works with the development of road vehicles and the second company works with the development of components for jet engines. The method behind this report consists of a literature study and an interview study where two respondents from each company are interviewed with the help of a prepared interview guide. The results of the interview study were then presented, and divided into different categories related to sustainability. These  categories were then discussed in relation to the literature study. The results of the report were in large part in agreement with the literature study, and because both companies are involved in the development of different types of vehicles that use fossil fuel there were several similarities related to their sustainability requirement management. One example of this is the identification process of requirements and at what point identification occurs. Aspects such as decision making, the handling, the responsibility and evaluation of sustainability requirements proved to be complicated, and even though the established literature study was applicable it was common that questions regarding these topics did not have definite answers. For further research it is recommended that for example a deeper analysis of long product development cycles is made and how this relates to the sustainability work in the development process. Also, recurring terms as "life cycle assessment" are recommended for further research since this was something that was relatively new to both companies.