Šiame darbe yra trumpai apžvelgiami dalelių spiečių sistemų algoritmai, maršrutų optimizavimo uždaviniai ir jų formuluotės, bei praktinės interpretacijos. Plačiau apžvelgiami dirbtinių bičių kolonijų algoritmai ir jų pritaikymas keliaujančio pirklio uždaviniams spręsti. Taip pat šiame darbe galima rasti dirbtinių bičių kolonijų algoritmo pritaikymą keliaujančio pirklio uždaviniams spręsti, bei sukurtos programos skaičiavimo rezultatų analizę. / This paper consists of short description of swarm systems algorithms, route optimisation problems overview and longer description of artificial bee colony algorithms adaptation for traveling salesman problem. Moreover, you can find an artificial bee colony algorithm's application to traveling salesman problem and analysis of computational results.

Transit Signal Priority (TSP) is an operational strategy that can speed the movement of in-service transit vehicles (typically bus, light rail, or streetcar) through traffic signals. By reducing control delay at signalized intersections, TSP can improve schedule adherence and travel time efficiency while minimizing impacts to normal traffic operations. These benefits improve the quality of service thereby making it more attractive to choice riders. A TSP system can also allow for fewer buses on the same due to travel time reductions and increased reliability, thus reducing transit operating costs. Much of the previous research on TSP has focused on signal control strategies and bus stop placement with little of it analyzing the effectiveness of the system using actual data. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the system using a bus route corridor in Portland, Oregon through real-time Automatic Vehicle Locator data. Key measures that TSP is promoted to improve are evaluated, including travel time, schedule adherence and variability. The TSP system on data was collected for two weeks and is compared to an adjacent two weeks of bus data with the TSP system turned off such that there is no skewing of data due to changes in traffic volumes or transit ridership. This research has shown, that on certain corridors there may be little to no benefit towards TSP implementation and may possibly provide some disbenefit. The direct comparison for TSP on and off scenarios completed for this research yielded no significant differences in reduction in travel time or schedule adherence performance. An additional interesting result was that the standard deviation of the results did not have any specific tendencies with the TSP on or off. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to increase the effectiveness of the system.

Masters Research - Master of Medical Science / Numerous overseas studies have linked both short and long-term exposures to outdoor air pollution to a range of health effects. The differences in air pollution sources, climate and geography in Australia challenged the generalisability of these overseas findings to the Australian setting. In response, the Hunter Illawarra Study of Airways and Air Pollution (HISAAP) was undertaken. The aim of Phase II of HISAAP was to assess the short-term effects of particulates on respiratory health amongst symptomatic children. This thesis presents the results of an analysis of the 345 primary school children eligible for Phase II of the Hunter component of HISAAP. There were multiple daily diary measures on each child, different types of outcomes such as continuous, dichotomous and count variables, as well as several sources of exposure data on pollutants. Because of the complex and hierarchical nature of data, there are several possible methods of analyses that could be used. The thesis begins with a description of the sampling methods used in the study. Next, an overview of the literature on the relationship between air pollution and respiratory health, followed by a review of the methods of analyses appropriate for longitudinal diary studies of this nature. The methods and results are then presented for the analyses of the association between the three main outcomes of interest – evening peak flow, day cough and bronchodilator use – and air quality variables: particulates (PM10 and TSP), sulphur dioxide, pollens and fungi, using three modelling approaches. These include a representative of data reduction methods (Aggregate analysis), subject-specific or mixed-model methods (Korn-Whittemore analysis) and marginal methods (Generalised Estimating Equations). All estimates were adjusted for climate-related covariates and trend. The final chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of analyses, and a recommendation for analytic techniques for further studies.

109 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-03T13:32:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Pag_Iniciais.doc: 792576 bytes, checksum: 12dfaef31d9159988f77ea8619fd118e (MD5) Cap. I - V.doc: 4237312 bytes, checksum: be8dd2f149baada6ca89d1396f98bbb5 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br), reason: Solicito o envio em arquivo único. Transformar o arquivo em pdf sem senha. on 2013-04-18T16:41:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-20T15:50:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-20T15:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-20T15:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / CAPES / Os metais traço e os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos particulados transportados por via aérea são considerados como um risco á saúde e ao ambiente, pois podem ser absorvido pelo tecido do pulmão humano durante a respiração. A queima de combustível fóssil e da madeira, assim como a incineração de dejetos e processos industriais, são as principais fontes antrópicas de metais e hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (PAH) á atmosfera.. Este trabalho tem a finalidade de determinar as concentrações em suspensão (TSP e PM10 de metais, assim como as concentrações e os perfis dos 16 PAH prioritários para estudos ambientais segundo a U.S. EPA), que estão agregados ao material particulado. Os metais: Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn determinados por ICP-OES, e os PAH foram separados por cromatografia gasosa, identificados e quantificados por GC-MS. A amostragem foi feita em três sítios em Salvador-BA: i) Estação de ônibus da Lapa, ii) Porto de Aratu, iii) Vila de Bananeira,,na ilha de Maré próximo ao Porto de Aratu. Os dados experimentais foram analisados usando o programa (STATISTICA 6 Stat Soft). Para os metais: Fe apresentou as concentrações mais elevadas (variou de 26,8 a 328µgm-3) na maioria dos sítios, exceto bananeiras, onde o Zn predominou (variou de 1,83 a 145µgm-3). Para os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos: BbF apresentou maiores concentrações na maioria dos sítios (variou de 0,130 a 6850ng m-3), exceto na estação da Lapa, predominou CRY(variou de 0,075 a 6,85µgm-3). Os metais e PAH, são principalmente de fonte antrópica, e podem originar sérios problemas de saúde / Salvador

Abstract The results of the comparison of various dissolution methods for sulphur showed, that HNO3 together with H2O2 gave more complete decomposition of organic components than HNO3 alone. The acid procedure with a mixture of HNO3+H2O2 slightly underestimated the S concentrations of plant material. The losses of sulphur were the highest in the dry ashing digestion procedure (HF(DAC)). The Leco combustion technique with infrared (IR) detection gave good precision and accuracy for sulphur. For the determination of heavy metals in plant materials, both the HNO3 and HNO3+H2O2 procedures were especially effective for determining Cr. However, the HNO3+HClO4 procedure gave lower results, and HF and HF(DAC) procedures greater values for Cr. Sulphur accumulation in pine needles around the pulp and paper mills was clearly higher than other points in the Kemi area. For example, within a radius of about 1-1.5 km around the mills of Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab Kemi Mills, the sulphur concentrations for (C) and (C+1) needles were 28 % and 26 % higher than those in the corresponding background samples collected in Kuivaniemi at a distance about 25 km from Kemi. Pine needles do not appeared to be appropriate a method for monitoring the accumulation of Fe, Zn, V and Pb emitted from pulp and paper mills. However, the Ca concentrations in (C+1) needles in the vicinity of the Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab Kemi Mills was 48 % higher than the average Ca concentration calculated from all (C+1) needles; thus it is likely that part of the Ca in the needles is derived from the mills. The regional distribution pattern of Cr and Ni in mosses in the Kemi-Tornio area in 2000 showed clearly that the most polluted area (Cr > 200 μg/g and Ni > 20 μg/g) appeared to lie within a few kilometres of the ferrochrome and stainless steel works of AvestaPolarit Stainless Oy. Within this area, the Cr concentrations in mosses were 4-13 times higher than those outside the urban area of Tornio. The area most polluted by the opencast chromium mining complex (Cr > 200 μg/g and Ni < 20 μg/g) appeared to be in the immediate vicinity of complex. All the 95th percentile values for TSP (total suspended particles) in the mine area of AvestaPolarit Chrome Oy Kemi Mine were below the current Finnish air quality limit value of 300 μg/m3. However, the 98th percentile value exceeded the Finnish air quality guideline value of 120 μg/m3 at one monitoring site. According to leaching studies, the sum of calculated annual airborne pollution impact of water-soluble fraction (H2O) and environmentally mobile (CH3COONH4) fraction from the AvestaPolarit Chrome Oy Kemi Mine was Cr 1.2 kg, Fe 29 kg, Cu 63 kg, Ni 2.5 kg and Cd < 100 mg. According to the homogeneity studies of heavy metal deposition on TSP filters, Cr, Ni, Cu and Fe were non-uniformly distributed over the glass fibre filters. The rsd values varied between 5.4-33.9 % for Cr, between 7.5-35.0 % for Ni, between 3.6-25.9 % for Cu, and between 6.6-19.9 % for Fe.

Finding the shortest tour visiting all given points at least ones belongs to the most famous optimization problems until today [travelling salesman problem (TSP)]. Optimal solutions exist formany problems up to several ten thousand points. Themajor difficulty in solving larger problems is the required computational complexity. This shifts the research from finding the optimum with no time limitation to approaches that find good but sub-optimal solutions in pre-defined limited time. This paper proposes a new approach for two-dimensional symmetric problems with more than a million coordinates that is able to create good initial tours within few minutes. It is based on a hierarchical clustering strategy and supports parallel processing. In addition, a method is proposed that can correct unfavorable paths with moderate computational complexity. The new approach is superior to state-of-the-artmethods when applied to TSP instances with non-uniformly distributed coordinates.

This work focuses on path planning for an autonomous UAV to tour and cover multiple regions in the shortest time. The three challenges to be solved are - finding the right optimal order to tour the neighborhoods, determining entry and exit points to neighborhoods, and covering each neighborhood. Two approaches have been explored and compared to achieve this goal - a TSP - Greedy and TSP - Dijkstra's. Both of them use a TSP solution to determine the optimal order of touring. They also use the same back and forth motion to cover each region. However, while the first approach uses a brute force to determine the the next closest node of entry or exit, the second approach utilizes the Dijkstra's algorithm to compute all possible paths to every node in the graph, and therefore choose the shortest pairs of entry and exit for each region, that would generate the shorter path, overall. The main contribution of this work is to implement an existing algorithm to combine the touring and covering problem, and propose a new algorithm to perform the same. Empirical results comparing performances of both approaches are included. Hardware experiments are performed on a spraying hexacopter, using the TSP - Greedy approach. Unique system characteristics are studied to make conclusions about stability of the platform. Future directions are identified to improve both software and hardware performance. / Master of Science

創業初期所面對的主要問題就是資源不足的問題，要如何獲取生存與發展所需要的資源是企業的重要課題。首先，企業必須分析內部環境，找出核心資源，並將之發揮在目標事業上，為企業奠定基礎。再者，企業必須分析外部環境，透過各種組織鏈結策略，重新調整與供應商、顧客、甚至是競爭者之間的關係成為策略夥伴關係，選擇並集中核心競爭強項，形成資源互補，提供給客戶一個全面解決方案(Total solution)的服務，以滿足甚至超過顧客預期的需求，使得顧客願意持續購買，企業藉此從環境中獲取關鍵資源並得以持續發展。 本研究透過個案分析發現，組織在成為「全面解決方案提供者(TSP)」的角色過程中，因為市場力量及組織力量的融合過程的不同，我們分析出其發展軌跡可以歸類成為五大類，即「水平整合型的TSP」、「垂直整合型的TSP」、「先水平後垂直整合型的TSP」、「先垂直後水平整合型的TSP」以及「垂直及水平整合並進型的TSP」。這五大類型的發展軌跡基本上描述了組織發展的過程，讓我們更清楚的知道組織成長過程中因為環境因素以及組織因素所造就成的組織面貌。 「TSP成長曲線 (TSP Growth Curve)」的形成過程，是在個案成長過程分析及探討後發現，組織要追求持續成長，單靠本身的資源是受限的，組織必須去整合內外部的資源，包括重新建構核心資源、組織並管理外部資源網絡，透過各樣的鏈結策略使得組織獲取成長所需要的關鍵資源，透過策略再思考重新組織企業架構，建構一個學習性組織平台，鼓勵在這個平台上的每一個人去創新思考，讓組織成員得以在非傳統性架構下去思考，在非秩序中去創新，讓大家願意去共創組織的價值。 研究發現，組織獲取資源並成為TSP的四個步驟為：1.建構組織核心資源與能力2.從環境中獲取關鍵資源3.價值創新成為TSP角色使顧客滿足4.降低對環境依賴，繼續提升高一層次的成長循環。這樣良性的循環讓組織累積更多資源而逐漸壯大，擺脫了創業初期資源不足的困境，組織在壯大的同時因為建立了更多的資源而逐漸降低對於原有環境中的資源依賴，並與環境中資源提供者的關係從依賴變成互賴，此時組織已經提昇到了另一層次的成長循環。這樣的成長循環使得組織得以在不同的環境中獲取不同的資源繼續成長，讓企業一直維持企業生命週期中的成長階段，因而可能避免或延遲了衰退階段的發生。 本研究的特色是從資源依賴的角度出發，探討組織如何透過從環境中獲取成長所需的關鍵資源，並探討組織藉由成為全面解決方案提供者的角色來獲取顧客價值創新，此時組織價值亦跟隨提升。 大部分的企業皆無法規避「出生、成長、成熟、飽和、衰退」的命運，就如同生命會歷經「出生、幼年、青年、壯年、老年」的歷程一般，或許企業無法避免衰退或消失的命運，但是找出「延年益壽」方法來維持壯年期是一個可行的策略。「TSP成長曲線圖」以「TSP成長循環圖」即可以說明企業從「創業成功」到「維持成長」的策略歷程，可以作為企業經營發展的參考。 / The major problem in the early stage of entrepreneurship is the shortage of resources, so it is industries’ crucial mission to acquire the resources to sustain and develop its growth. First, industries must analyze its internal environment to identify the core sources and apply them into the target business, to lay the foundation for companies. Second, industries must conduct external analysis with organizations linkage mechanism to re-address the connection among suppliers, customers and even competitors, so that they can become the strategic partners, formulate complimentary resources, concentrate on their own core advantages in the competition. In this way, they can offer customers the service of Total Solution, to meet, even exceed customers’ expectation. Hence, this could sustain customers’ continuous purchase, and industries can keep developing its business by grabbing the crucial resources in the environment. This research discovered that, due to the different merging processes between market powers and organizations power, there are five categorized patterns when organizations become Total Solution Provides (TSP): horizontal integration TSP, vertical integration TSP, horizontal-to-vertical integration TSP, vertical-to-horizontal integration TSP and simultaneously vertical and horizontal integration TSP. These five patterns basically outline the process of organization development and bring us more diverse pictures caused by different environmental and organizational causes. After studying cases and formulating of the TSP Growth Curve, this research found out that it is limited to for organizations to pursue the growth by its own resources. Industries must integrate internal and external resources, re-construct the core resources, manage the external resource network, acquire all the necessary resources for further growth through linkage mechanism, rethink the structure of the business, establish the learning platform to encourage its member to jointly create the value for the organizations, contemplate beyond the boundary of tradition and innovate without order. There are four steps for the organizations to acquire resources and formulate the TSP Growth Curve: 1. Constructing the core resources and capability of the organizations; 2.Acquireing the core resources from the environment; 3.Becoming TSP with value innovation and satisfy the customers; 4.Lowering the dependence on the environment and upgrading the Growth circle. Organizations can grow stronger, accumulate more resources with this benign circle and leave the dilemma of insufficient resources. In this way, organizations can receive more resources than ever; it can also turn the relationship between organizations and supplier from unilateral dependence to mutual dependence and TSP Growth circle will also be upgraded while they are growing bigger. This growth circle can continuously sustain its development by collecting different resources in different environments. Hence, the stage of growth will be prolonged, and the stage of recession will be avoided of delayed. Based on the Resources dependence theory, this research has discussed how organizations obtain the crucial resources from the environment to generate growth, and also analyzed that when organizations obtain customers’ value innovation by playing TSP, organizations’ value will also raise consecutively. Most industries can not avoid the linear destiny of establishment, growth, maturity, saturation and recession as well as human’s life stage of birth, child, youth, adult and aging. Industries may not genuinely ward off the consequence of decline or disappearance, but it’s still workable to figure out a strategy to prolong the period of maturity. TSP Growth Curve and TSP Growth Circle can well explain the industries’ process from the stage of “entrepreneurship” to “the maintenance of growth”, and also offer the positive example for business operation.

Os solos brasileiros apresentam baixa disponibilidade de fósforo (P). Devido à natureza mineralógica desses solos, a adubação é uma tarefa difícil, em função dos processos de adsorção específica e precipitação, que causam baixa recuperação do P aplicado. Os fertilizantes totalmente acidulados (FTA), com praticamente todo P solúvel em água, são as fontes mais utilizadas no Brasil. Porém, a utilização dessas fontes, pode não ser o mais indicado para esses solos. Teoricamente, o fertilizante fosfatado ideal possibilitaria suprir a demanda inicial da planta, apresentando ainda liberação lenta durante o ciclo da cultura, resultando em cinética de liberação do P mais ajustada a demanda das culturas. Com base nessa premissa, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a eficiência de fertilizantes fosfatados produzidos por meio da mistura no mesmo grânulo de FTA, fosfato natural reativo de Bayóvar (FN) e enxofre elementar (S0). Os fertilizantes foram avaliados em experimentos de incubação, casa de vegetação e campo. O estudo de incubação foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar a difusão, disponibilidade e produtos de reação do P e S dos fertilizantes: fosfato monoamônico (MAP), superfosfato triplo (SFT) e MES (MicroEssentials®); e os fertilizantes produzidos: MAP+FN, MAP+FN+S0[2:1], MAP+FN+S0[1:1], SFT+FN e SFT+FN+S0[2:1], obtidos por meio da granulação dos FTA com o FN, na relação 1:1, com base no P total das fontes, com ou sem adição de S0 na composição. Os fertilizantes produzidos com MAP proporcionaram maiores difusões e disponibilidade do P, do que os fertilizantes com SFT. O S0 melhorou a difusão e disponibilidade do P dos fertilizantes produzidos, principalmente nos fertilizantes contendo MAP. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, destacando-se como objetivos principais: estudar a proporção entre os FTA o FN e a presença do S0 na mistura; quantificar o efeito do S0 no aumento da absorção de P do FN, utilizando o 32P e avaliar os fertilizantes com S0 na composição em fornecer S para a cultura do milho, comparando-os com fertilizantes comerciais. Nos fertilizantes com 50% de MAP ou SFT, o aumento na absorção de P dos fertilizantes em função da adição do S0 foi de 26 e 18%, respectivamente. Os fertilizantes com S0 na composição foram menos eficientes no fornecimento de S para o milho do que o S0 aplicado em pó, mas, foram mais eficientes do que o fertilizante contendo S0 pastilhado com bentonita. O estudo de campo foi conduzido com a cultura da soja em um Latossolo Vermelho na região do Cerrado, município de Itiquira-MT. Os fertilizantes avaliados foram: MAP, FN, MAP+FN, MAP+FN+S0[2:1] e MAP+FN+S0[1:1], aplicados a lanço e localizado. Os fertilizantes MAP+FN[2:1] e MAP+FN[1:1] obtiveram eficiência agronômica superior à do MAP+FN e semelhantes à do MAP. Os fertilizantes produzidos com S0 na composição apresentam potencial para serem utilizados na agricultura, podendo ser fontes alternativas aos FTA, ainda com fornecimento de S. Este foi provavelmente o primeiro estudo de campo utilizando essa associação. Outros estudos, em outras condições de solo e clima, devem ser realizados para confirmar a viabilidade do uso dessas fontes. / Brazilian soils has low phosphorus (P) availability. Due to the mineralogical composition of these soils, fertilization is a challenge, because of the specific adsorption and precipitation processes, causing low P recovery from fertilizers. Fully acidulated P fertilizers (FAP), practically with all P soluble in water, are the most used sources in Brazil. However, they may not be the most appropriate sources for these soils. Theoretically, the ideal phosphate fertilizer would be the one which supplies the initial plant demand as well as releases slowly P during the crop cycle, allowing better synchronization between the plant demand and dissolution of P source. Based on this premise, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers produced by mixture of FAP, Bayóvar phosphate rock (PR) and elemental sulfur (S0) in the same granule. The fertilizers were evaluated in incubation, greenhouse and field trials. The incubation study was carried out to evaluate the diffusion, availability and reaction products of P and S from the fertilizers: monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple superphosphate (TSP) and MES (MicroEssentials®); and the produced fertilizers: MAP+PR, MAP+PR+S0[2:1], MAP+PR+S0[1:1], TSP+PR and TSP+PR+S0[2:1], obtained by granulation of FAP with PR in the ratio 1:1, based on total P content, with or without S0 in the composition. Fertilizers with MAP in the composition resulted in better P diffusion and availability than the fertilizers with TSP. The S0 improved the P diffusion and availability mainly from fertilizers produced with MAP. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse, with the objectives to: study the FAP and PR ratio and S0 presence in the mixture; quantify the S0 effect for increasing the P uptake from PR, using 32P; and evaluate the fertilizers with S0 in the composition to provide sulfur (S) for maize, comparing them with commercial sources. The S0 presence in the granule improved the P uptake on 26 and 18% from the fertilizers produced with 50 % from MAP or TSP, respectively. The fertilizers with S0 in the composition were less efficient than powdered S0 providing S to maize, but they were better than commercial fertilizer with bentonite+S0. The field trial was carried out with soybean in an Oxisol in Cerrado region, Itiquira-MT. The fertilizers evaluated were: MAP, PR, MAP+PR, MAP+PR+S0[2:1] and MAP+PR+S0[1:1] applied in band or broadcast. The fertilizers MAP+PR+S0[2:1] and MAP+PR+S0[1:1] were better than MAP+PR and similar to MAP on soybean yield and agronomic efficiency. Fertilizers produced by MAP+PR and S0 in the same granule can be potential sources to be used in agriculture, could be alternative sources for FAP, moreover can supply S to crops. Probably this was the first study using the abovementioned association. Other studies in others soils and weather conditions should be carried out to confirm the potential use of these sources.

A crescente introdução de variados poluentes em matrizes ambientais de áreas urbanas causa prejuízos ao ecossistema e dificulta as medidas de controle ambiental. Essas substâncias, após liberadas, se distribuem e interagem de acordo com suas características e as do meio receptor. Indicadores precoces de contaminação permitem a adoção de medidas preventivas aos danos causados pela poluição ambiental. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a ação de substâncias genotóxicas em diferentes frações de material particulado atmosférico e solos, analisando a presença de contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos. Para este fim, foi empregado o ensaio Salmonella/microssoma em amostras de áreas urbanas caracterizadas como urbano-residencial e urbano-industrial, na cidade de Rio Grande, RS. Amostras de material particulado atmosférico (PTS e PM2,5) e de solo superficial (composição granulométrica total e fração <0,5mm) foram preparadas por diferentes métodos de extração. Este estudo apresenta uma primeira caracterização de PM2,5, através do ensaio Salmonella/microssoma, no Brasil. O estudo de extratos orgânicos e aquosos de PTS e PM2,5 evidenciou a presença de compostos metálicos na fração aquosa, potencialmente biodisponíveis, bem como maior risco de exposição associado à fração de compostos orgânicos das partículas finas. A mutagênese foi detectada, mesmo em amostras de particulados que se encontravam em conformidade com os parâmetros de qualidade recomendados. A análise das extrações ácidas dos solos mostrou que as chuvas da região podem atuar como rota de contaminação ambiental, com risco adicional na disponibilização de substâncias tóxicas nos eventos de precipitação ácida. O estudo mostrou que o emprego do solo com mínima alteração é mais apropriado para os ensaios de mutagênese. A utilização conjunta de diferentes métodos de extração de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos permite uma avaliação integradora da qualidade de matrizes ambientais complexas, favorecendo a adoção de medidas preventivas para a proteção do ecossistema. / The increasing introduction of different pollutants into the environmental matrices of urban areas damages the ecosystem and makes it difficult to perform environmental control. After these substances are released, they are distributed and interact according to their own characteristics and those of the receiving environment. Early indicators of contamination allow measures to be adopted to prevent damage caused by environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the action of genotoxic substances in different fractions of atmospheric particulate matter and soils, analyzing the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants. For this, the Salmonella/microsome assay was used on samples of urban areas characterized as urban-residential and urban-industrial, in the city of Rio Grande, RS. Samples of atmospheric particulate matter (TSP and PM2.5) and of surface soil (total grain size composition and fraction <0.5mm) were prepared using different extraction methods. This study presents a first characterization of PM2.5 in Brazil, through the Salmonella/microsome assay. The study of organic and aqueous extracts of TSP and PM2.5 showed the presence of potentially bioavailable metallic compounds in the aqueous fraction, as well as a greater risk of exposure associated with the fraction of organic compounds of the fine particles. Mutagenesis was detected even in samples of particulates that were in accordance the recommended quality parameters. Analysis of acid extractions from the soils showed that rainfall in the region may act as an environmental contamination route, with an additional risk of making toxic substances available in acid precipitation events. The study showed that the use of minimally altered soil is more appropriate for mutagenesis assays. The joint use of different methods for organic and inorganic compound extractions allows an integrated evaluation of the quality of complex environmental matrices, favoring the adoption of preventive measures to protect the ecosystem.