Overconsumption is one of the reasons why our natural resources are running out faster thanever. However, the word overconsumption can be interpreted in different ways. Thus, it thecore meaning is, the excessive consumption of redundant belongings. The purpose of thisthesis is to research how people consume today, and what can be done to reduce thoseneedless purchases. It will specifically focus on the clothes since that is one of the things thatnot only affects the environment but it can be ethically immoral for the people whomanufacture the clothes.Through research and findings, a prototype will be created in order to study if that can be asolution for people’s excessive consumptions. It will investigate if a digital interactivesolution can impact people to consume less or at least make them rethink about sustainableand ethically made items.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Community Health Centers (CHCs) play a pivotal role in delivery of primary healthcare to the underserved, yet have not benefited from a modern data analytics platform that can support clinical, operational and financial decision making across the continuum of care. This research is based on a systems redesign collaborative of seven CHC organizations spread across Indiana to improve efficiency and access to care. Three research questions (RQs) formed the basis of this research, each of which seeks to address known knowledge gaps in the literature and identify areas for future research in health informatics. The first RQ seeks to understand the information needs to support operations at CHCs and implement an information architecture to support those needs. The second RQ leverages the implemented data infrastructure to evaluate how advanced analytics can guide open access scheduling – a specific use case of this research. Finally, the third RQ seeks to understand how the data can be visualized to support decision making among varying roles in CHCs. Based on the unique work and information flow needs uncovered at these CHCs, an end to-end analytics solution was designed, developed and validated within the framework of a rapid learning health system. The solution comprised of a novel heterogeneous longitudinal clinic data warehouse augmented with big data technologies and dashboard visualizations to inform CHCs regarding operational priorities and to support engagement in the systems redesign initiative. Application of predictive analytics on the health center data guided the implementation of open access scheduling and up to a 15% reduction in the missed appointment rates. Performance measures of importance to specific job profiles within the CHCs were uncovered. This was followed by a user-centered design of an online interactive dashboard to support rapid assessments of care delivery. The impact of the dashboard was assessed over time and formally validated through a usability study involving cognitive task analysis and a system usability scale questionnaire. Wider scale implementation of the data aggregation and analytics platform through regional health information networks could better support a range of health system redesign initiatives in order to address the national ‘triple aim’ of healthcare.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第17921号 / 情博第503号 / 新制||情||89(附属図書館) / 30741 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 石田 亨, 教授 田中 克己, 教授 黒橋 禎夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

The integration of generative AI in the design industry has gained attention for its potential to enhance productivity and spark creativity. However, there is a gap in how to effectively incorporate the technology into the early stages of the design process. To address this, interviews were conducted with digital product designers at a consultancy agency to understand their current approaches to early-stage design and attitudes toward using generative AI tools into it. Findings from the interviews were used to inform the development of use case scenarios of generative AI tools in early design, which was later evaluated with the participants through observational interviews using ChatGPT and Midjourney. These findings indicate that digital product designers view generative AI as a valuable tool that can streamline the design process, aid in research and exploration, support communication and documentation, and inspire creativity. However, concerns were raised regarding trustworthiness, reliability, biased training data, and limited creativity and human nuance in these models. Designers believe in using AI-generated output as a guide, support, or inspiration, rather than a substitute for their own creativity and critical thinking, which enables an approach that allows for a mindful but effective interaction with generative AI tools.

Gym har historiskt sett vart något som setts som manligt och varit till för bara män, men nu har även kvinnor tagit plats på ytan. Gym är fortfarande mansdominerat och det går att se en uppdelning hur kvinnor och män använder gymmets yta, där männen brer ut sig runt de fria vikterna och kvinnorna håller sig oftast till gruppass eller maskiner. Till en följd av detta kan kvinnor och tjejer känna sig obekväma när de tränar på gym. För att lösa detta erbjuder vissa gym i nuläget tjejgym, vilket är en separat avdelning för bara kvinnor och tjejer att vistas i. Tjejgym tillåter kvinnor att delta i träningsaktiviteter som dem annars hade undvikit, men det löser inte den faktiska frågan och förstärker bara könsfördelningen på gym. Den här studien undersöker kvinnors perspektiv på gym, deras upplevelser och hur det påverkar deras träning. Studien har resulterat i en lösning, i form av ett designförslag, som är menad att förbättra kvinnors upplevelser av gym. Genom metoder som litteraturstudier, intervjuer, workshop, enkäter, wireframes, prototyper och användbarhetstester blev resultatet ett designförslag på ett gränssnitt för en app. Lösningen är framtagen från ett användarcentrerat perspektiv, då användarna har vart involverade under hela designprocessen.  Problemet som den här studien har upptäckt, är större än att kvinnor känner sig obekväma på gym och slutsatsen är att gymkulturen behöver förändras. Att ta fram lösningar som hjälper kvinnor att få mer trivsamma besök på gym, kan vara en bra början till ett problem som behöver förändras på en samhällsnivå. / Gyms have historically been something seen as masculine and for men only, but now women have also taken a place on the surface. Gyms are still male-dominated, and you can see a division in how women and men use the gym's surface, where the men spread out around the free weights and the women usually stick to group workouts or machines. As a result, women and girls may feel uncomfortable when working out at the gym. To solve this, some gyms now offer women only sections, which are a separate section only for women and girls to access. Women only sections allow women to participate in exercise activities that they would have otherwise avoided, but this does not solve the actual issue and only reinforces the gender division in gym. This study will explore women's perspectives on the gym, their experiences and how it affects their work out. The study has resulted in a solution, in the form of a design proposal, which is meant to improve women's experiences of gyms. Through methods such as literature studies, interviews, workshops, surveys, wireframes, prototypes and usability tests, the result was a design proposal for an interface for an app. The solution is developed from a user-centered perspective, as the users have been involved throughout the design process. The problem that this study has discovered is bigger than women feeling uncomfortable in gyms and the bottom line is that gym culture needs to change. Developing solutions that help women have more pleasant visits to the gym, can be a good start to a problem that needs to change on a societal level.

The benefits of being able to receive individualized guidance to support learning have been shown in various studies. However, most teachers are too pressured by time and budget constraints to be able to offer this. Thus, personalized learning has become a luxury that most teachers cannot provide. However, with the rapid development of digital technologies, new opportunities are arising within this field. Scalability challenges are being overcome when digital learning platforms now can collect data and use it to generate insights concerning each student’s individual progress and challenges for the teacher to access through a dashboard. The aim of this case study is to contribute to the formation of a best practice for the design of teacher-facing dashboards (TFD) to improve learning outcomes. A user-centric approach was selected to identify obstacles and areas of improvement. These were identified by conducting interviews and think-alouds to evaluate an existing dashboard designed by the language platform Astrid Education. The results and insights are demonstrated through a redesign suggestion of the dashboard along with the teacher's evaluation of it. / Många studier har påvisat positiva effekter på lärandet när språkundervisningen är anpassad till den studerandes individuella behov. Ändå har språklärare sällan möjlighet att erbjuda ett individanpassat stöd för varje elev på grund av tids- och budgetbegränsningar. Tack vare teknikens utveckling har nya möjligheter skapats inom lärandeformer. I allt större utsträckning övergår utbildning till digitala läromedel vilket medför en tillgänglighet till information om elevers kunnande och prestation. Denna data kan sammanställas och presenteras för lärare för att erbjuda en djupare förståelse för varje elevs behov. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till bildandet av bästa praxis för dessa dataöversikter för lärare, sk. teacher-facing dashboards (TFD) med avsikt att förbättra resultaten inom språkinlärning. En användarcentrerad designmetod valdes för att identifiera begränsningar och förbättringsområden i en digital lärplattform för engelsk språkinlärning tillhörande Astrid Education. Testanvändare intervjuades och observerades. Resultat och insikter demonstrerades genom ett designförslag tillsammans med lärares utvärdering av denna.

With the increasing popularity of Agile methods in software development projects, an emerging question is how Agile incorporates user needs to their process – which is the staple of User Centered Design (UCD). Existing reports indicate that integrating Agile and UCD has shown to improve the process and end product and that they are a natural fit. However, there is also a general lack of guidelines of how an effective integration may be done, and further research is requested. This study aims to provide that by portraying some aspects of how Agile and UCD may be integrated in practice, but also some factors that may affect such an integration. This is done through an empirical study, by gaining insights from the perspective of UX-designers who are part of Scrum teams. TenUX-designers took part in semi-structured interviews, and based on a thematic analysis, results are portrayed in terms of suggested factors to consider when integrating Agile and UCD methods. / Samtidigt som Agila metoder ökar i popularitet inom mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt, så uppstår även frågan om hur Agilt arbete integrerar användarcentrerade krav i sin process ett område som är i fokus inom Användarcentrerad Design (ACD). Tillgängliga rapporter indikerar på att integrationen av Agilt och ACD har givit förbättrade processer och slutprodukt, samt att båda processer är kompatibla med varandra. Det anses dock finnas en brist på riktlinjer i hur man kan integrera båda processer, och det efterfrågas vidare studier i ämnet. Denna studie ämnar till att erbjuda just detta genom att presentera några faktorer av hur Agilt och ACD kan integreras i praktiken, men också exempel på faktorer som kan påverka hur väl integration lyckas. Detta tas fram genom en empirisk studie, genom att ta del av insikter från UX-designers som jobbar i olika Scrum projekt. Tio UX-designers deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer, och baserat på en tematisk analys så presenteras resultat i form av föreslagna faktorer att ta del av när man vill integrera Agila och ACD metoder.

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Can the Product Development Process at Tcom be improved by moving usability testing in-house? The interest in this question lies in the agile transformation Tcom initiated in early 2018. Once agile, the company’s interests are efficiency and increasing quality. One way of increasing the quality of their digital products is to improve the process behind it, where involving users in usability testing should be central in an iterative development process. A qualitatively driven mixed methods research approach facilitated the acquisition of the empirical data necessary to successfully answer the research question. The culture of Tcom’s usability testing was collected via a survey. The survey was complemented with the current testing process through four interviews and two observations of usability tests, one internal and one external. Parameters between the two tests were compared and weighted against each other. The main findings reveal that the internal process shows promising characteristics. It is, up to, 1/10 as expensive per participant, has a quicker call-to-test-time, facilitates transparency, and allows refinement of the process. With the main findings in hand, the conclusion points to the fact that usability testing should be composed and conducted by Tcom itself. The greatest challenge to such a change is how a usability perspective can be integrated into the Scrum methodology. / Kan produktutvecklingsprocessen på Tcom förbättras genom att flytta användbarhetstester internt? Intresset i denna fråga ligger i den agila transformation som företaget påbörjade tidigt 2018. Effektivitet och kvalitet är centrala förbättringspunkter med det agila arbetssättet. Ett sätt att öka kvaliteten på deras digitala produkter är att förbättra processen bakom, där involveringen av användare i användbarhetstester bör vara centralt i ett iterativt arbetsförlopp. En kvalitativt driven mixed methods research metod tillämpades för att förvärva den empiriska data som krävdes för att framgångsrikt besvara frågeställningen. Tcoms användbarhetstestkultur undersöktes via en enkät. Denna metod kompletterades med 4 intervjuer och 2 observationer av användbarhetstest, ett externt och ett internt. Parametrar från de två observationerna ställdes mot varandra. De centrala upptäckterna avslöjar att den interna processen uppvisar lovande egenskaper. Den är upp till en tiondel så kostsam per deltagare, har snabbare beställning-till-test-tid, tillåter transparens, och möjliggör förbättring av själva testprocessen. Med hänsyn till huvudfynden kan vi konkludera att användbarhetstest bör utformas och utföras av Tcom själva. Den största utmaningen till en sådan förändring ligger i hur ett sådant användbarhetsperspektiv ska implementeras i det agila ramverket Scrum.

Digital twin is an emerging technology that enhances digital transformation across many industries and domains. Most digital twins are made for a work context, and end users are the domain experts who carry knowledge in the work processes and products of which digital twin is part. The research gap for the present study is found in the missing adoption of a user-centered design approach and systematic evaluation of digital twins from the perspective of end users. User-Centered Design is a well-known design philosophy that engages users in the design process. By involving users, designers can better understand users and create situations where users can introduce their knowledge, needs and concerns into the products and systems. Emerging research questions for this study are: RQ1: What insights could be obtained with user-centered design and user involvement for the design of digital twin? RQ2: What limitations could user-centered design and user involvement incorporate in the design process of digital twins? This study will use both previous studies and empirical data from a scenario-based approach, workshops, observation, and interviews. Further, it will explore a theoretical framework combining User-Centered Design and Activity theory. This study aims to investigate what knowledge we can gain with users in focus and how that might help to fill the knowledge gap of previous research about user-centered involvement.