This research considered overlay districts as one technique to supersede Euclidian zoning, broaden its application to regulate land use, promote retention of industrial space and improve job development. Since the 1950s America has been losing industrial or manufacturing jobs and space in cities throughout the country. Moreover economic indicators following the great recession of 2007 reflected an aggregate loss of 8 million jobs, and an increase in national and regional industrial vacancy rates, which have recently, began to decline. Some researchers and local officials argue that industrial space, market and job losses were affected in part by less-protective, inflexible and/or inadequate Euclidian zoning regulations. In addition, it is argued that inadequate industrial zoning has contributed to the loss of investment of financial and human capital in local communities. Traditional zoning known as Euclidian zoning is a predominant form of land use control in the U.S. Today, it is a technique designed to separate and protect adjacent uses from encroachment, incompatibility and nuisances. The primary goal of this study was to explore and describe how overlay districts (located in inner urban/inner-ring suburbs) supersede Euclidean zoning, promote economic development and affect the creation of jobs through industrial development and\or urban redevelopment. Theoretical constructs informing this research included zoning, land use, local economic development and location theories. The fundamental research question asked is: "Do overlays protect industrial land and jobs better than Euclidian zoning and does the protection facilitate greater confidence in industrial investment? To address the research question of this dissertation and analyze data, a mixed methods research design was employed. The design consisted of Internet research, a qualitative multiple (six) case-study analysis, interviews of agency personnel, field reconnaissance, and a sample survey of implementing agencies (which used a data base of over 2700 ordinances from the Municipal Code Corporation). The conclusion of this study is that overlays protect industrial land and jobs better than Euclidian zoning and the protection does facilitate greater confidence in industrial investment. Manufacturers and other industrial oriented-users have located in EDODs and have in some cases lobbied the local governments for continuation of the district. Jobs have also been added in consecutive years within key EDODs. Moreover, newly established EDODs have been used to target investments in infrastructure and incentives to underwrite the cost of industrial development. Policy implications of this study will inform planners regarding the need for industry and manufacturing uses to create sustainable employment within their communities.

This professional report examined the relationship between school and city planning in the Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Six municipalities were selected for the study based on their type of locale: Large or Mid-size Central City, Urban Fringe of Large City, or Rural. Both elected or appointed and staff officials were invited to participate in an electronic survey. Through the survey, data was collected on the current interactions and communications between school and city planning officials. The survey also asked respondents their opinions on the desired relationship between school and city planning and the importance of various influencing factors on school planning. The data was examined by the size of the municipality and type of position held by the respondent to look for similarities or anomalies across the various classifications. The conclusions of this report provide recommendations for the desired relationship between school and city planning based on the survey conducted locally and the background information gained through research. / text

No description available.

The following thesis deals with three current legal issues regarding airports. / In the first chapter the development of airport ownership and management structures will be studied. Although in most cases airports are still owned and managed by governments or local bodies, since the 1960s, new approaches to ownership and management have come into practise. This phenomenon is studied from the perspective of its impact upon public air law. / The second chapter deals with airport charges and their international legal framework. After examining the different forms of airport charges and the recommendations enacted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the author will be led to the conclusion that the current legal regime is unsatisfactory and that the most appropriate solution to this would be to incorporate the principles formulated by ICAO in an Annex to the Chicago Convention. / The third and final chapter is devoted to the study of a legal dispute between Switzerland and Germany with respect to the approach paths to Zurich airport through German airspace. It is concluded that the unilateral legal measures taken by the German government are, with one exception, in conformity with international law.

Unfavorable thermal comfort conditions are common in the non-conditioned apartment buildings typical of Dhaka (Ali, 2007; Hafiz, 2004). Causes behind such unfavorable thermal comfort conditions include (but are not limited to) Dhaka?s climate, microclimate in Dhaka's typical residential neighborhood, its socio-economic context, housing type, and its inadequate planning regulations. Dhaka's climate is hot humid but it can be tackled with well designed buildings as well as well as designed neighborhoods, both of which demands ample open space. However, due to land scarcity and high population density, building developments lack open spaces and that results in unfavorable thermal comfort conditions in apartment buildings. Dhaka?s previous zoning regulations were unable to control this dense development, and therefore, a new set of zoning regulations were enacted (2008). However, no post-evaluation study was conducted to research the effect of this new set of regulations. The intention of this research is to first evaluate the existing regulations, and second, to suggest appropriate zoning regulation schemes for Dhaka's non-conditioned apartment buildings (for a lot size of 1/3 acre), which would provide favorable thermal comfort conditions without changing its existing density. To accomplish the first goal, this research analyzed two existing zoning schemes (one based on regulations of 1996, and the other based on the regulations of 2008). To accomplish the second goal, this research analyzed two hypothetical zoning schemes. The hypothetical ones were studied because this research finds 1996 and 2008 regulations to be two extremes (in terms of allowing open space and building height), and therefore examination of in-between alternative zoning schemes seemed essential for this study. To analyze the four zoning regulation schemes' impact on thermal comfort in apartment buildings, four sets of built environment were created in EnergyPlus (Energy Simulation software) as well as in Fluent (Computational Fluid Dynamics software). Each set of built environment is a cluster of nine buildings; and each set is different from each other in terms of their building footprints and building heights. The building on the center was modeled implicitly, and remaining buildings were modeled as solid blocks (to act as neighboring buildings) for blocking sun and wind. The ES and CFD software simulated possible solar, daylight, and wind availability inside the central building, and consequently produce data on thermal comfort conditions, namely indoor temperature and air velocity. The simulation results were compared to see which zoning schemes provided the most favorable thermal comfort conditions. This research found one of the in-between schemes (60% allowable footprint, 9-story height limit) to be more appropriate in terms of thermal comfort conditions than the other three schemes; because it provides better solar protection and better natural ventilation and consequently it reduces indoor temperature and increases indoor air velocity.

For this project I revised and rewrote the commercial zone districts Jefferson County, Missouri, to address the common problems related existing commercial zone districts. The existing districts are either permissive or too limited. The vast majority of commercially zoned property in the County is zoned one district, a district that allows nearly eve commercial use. The Planning Staff has a difficult time keeping large commercial uses away from uses that could be adversely affected. I the commercial zone districts of four counties and used ideas from each to write new commercial zone districts. These proposed districts contain ranges of uses that will encourage new commercial development in areas of the county that do not have the infrastructure to support large-scale co development, but that could support smaller development. This project shows some of the problems counties have with commercial zone dist some solutions to these problems, and some techniques that can be u revise and rewrite a zoning ordinance. / Department of Urban Planning

This thesis has identified the incentives for the growth of the commercial strip along State Road 109 in Anderson, Indiana. The thesis through a case study of the historical development of the commercial strip established the following findings. First, the commercial strip occurred as a result of increasing urban evolution. Second, the commercial strip occurred as a result of land speculation. Third, the commercial strip is a result of the commercial zoning and rezoning patterns. Fourth, the commercial strip occurred as a result of increased regional accessibility. Fifth, the commercial strip is a result of increased land values. Finally, the commercial strip is a result of commercial linkages. / Department of Urban Planning

City design has long been recognized as predicated on power. Planners have the power to regulate the use and form of privately owned land—an enormous task. Zoning is the foundation of city planning. The caliber of cities' future development hinges on zoning. Over the last fifteen years, communities have been divesting themselves of their historic Euclidean zoning in favor of the newer concept of form-based code. However, changing an entire zoning code is an immense project that requires a massive investment of motivation, time, perseverance and money. Does changing code provide an answer to undesirable consequences of Euclidean zoning, or are the claims of form-based code advocates correct and their code the panacea for everything wrong with planning and development? This is a sweeping question and one that is asked in hundreds of planning offices by planners, urban designers, politicians and their communities. The primary question is why and how communities change from conventional Euclidean zoning to form-based code. This research examines the state of practice and the impact of form-based code on zoning. Issues critical to an examination of the theory and practice aspects of this investigation includes key questions: What motivates change? What difference does it make? Who are the primary motivators for change? What is the comparative analysis and the basis for change and the impact of form-based code? Two protocols, including online surveys of planning practitioners and case studies of Cincinnati, Denver and Miami, are used to investigate the intended, and often unintended, outcomes and consequences that emerge with a zoning change within an established community.

Protected areas are considered to be the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation strategies and are valued sources of human well-being and ecosystem services. Yet they are not immune to the unprecedented impacts being felt worldwide. As an example, increased human activity, including development, transport of invasive species, and contributions to climate change, are transforming protected areas within the Laurentian Great Lakes into new and novel ecosystems. It is in this context of uncertainty that I explored the practice of managing for resilience. Canada’s first national marine conservation area, Fathom Five National Marine Park in Lake Huron, functioned as the study area. Besides profound and complex ecosystem change, Fathom Five is also experiencing governance challenges in the form of tangled responsibilities and issues of legitimacy. The resilience-based approach recommended elements that strengthened the capacity of the park to cope with and recover from disturbance and maintain its defining structures, functions, and feedbacks. This included a reduction of vulnerabilities (e.g., limit exposure to coastal fragmentation, manage disturbance regimes, and maintain functional and response diversity), an increase in adaptability (e.g., need to foster social learning, innovation, and improved governance structures), and an ability to navigate change (e.g., better express desired state, identify thresholds, and influence transformations), within established management practices. More specifically, methods to make spatial planning and monitoring more operational and resilience-based, were developed. For spatial planning, the decision-support tool Marxan with Zones was utilized and demonstrated how themes of representivity, replication, and connectivity could be applied in a resilience-based zoning context. For monitoring, a multivariate distance-based control chart method was developed to detect a decrease in resilience of the parks coastal wetland fish communities. Although an increase in variability was observed, a regime shift was not reported during the years investigated (2005-2012). In summary, the thesis provided an original contribution to science by examining the uncertainties and complexities facing a freshwater protected area and reframing practical conservation solutions through a resilience lens.

Thesis (Master of Town Planning) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture and Town Planning, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references.