This work evaluates the cycling transport, which is environmentally friendly. Then shows how transport harms the environment and feasible solutions of this problem. The theoretical part describes basic types of cycle lines, their division and marking, advantages of cycling and main priorities of the National strategy of developement of cycling transport. The practical part is about the support of cycling in Pardubice's region. There are mentioned the region's main activities, way of financing of building cycle lines, future planned projects and confrontation of car transport, urban mass trasportation and by bicycle on choice ways. There are describe diferent types of kickstands and a proposal for new parking place next to railway station in Pardubice.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse lifestyle changes and their impact on tourism. Goal to zoom in on the changing trend in the area of lifestyle, nutrition and wellness toward health. The theoretical part explains the lifestyle as a term and characterizes the wellness concept and worldwide trends in the field of wellness. It also represents the alternative methods, therapies and wellness services. It also deals with the problems of nutrition and nutritional alternative styles and introduces some of the results of the World Health Survey in the Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis includes own research on the preferences of the Czech population in the area of lifestyle, which is based on a questionnaire.

This thesis analyses the voluntary instruments in relationship to EU. The goal of this work is to find out, if the voluntary instruments represent a proper mean to protect the environment and how does the European Union stands in their support. At the beginning the thesis introduces the base of environmental policy at the bussiness level and then the EU environmental policy. Next there is described a model of optimal influance of the polluter to the environment. Last two chapters are about the voluntary instruments themselves. After their short introduction the thesis analyses their economical features and how can they be expressed in the model. Then the work answers the question, how does the European Union stands in their support and introduces two unique EU instruments -- EMAS and ekolabel EU.

The structure of life insurance products is very complicated. For election one of the types of life insurance is essential to have at least a basic idea about the product and in cooperation with an expert to refine this idea more and realize the purchase insurance .Orientation between the products is not easy. People often do not know how to choose the right product and also insurance broker. On these questions I was trying to find the answer. In the first part, I was interested in historical and contemporary role of life insurance. I have assessed the development of selected values of life insurance over the last few years and described tax advantages of life insurance, which can be applied under certain conditions. This part deals with the basic description of life insurance and some potential pitfalls arising from the premature termination of life insurance. To create a full picture, some chapters are enhanced about the examples of life insurance. Following this chapter I talking about insur and about the method of determining the sum insured. Next I talked about insurance brokers and also compared the savings insurance products with potential competitors. Finally, I devided potential clients into groups according to their age and I evaluated the financial capabilities of individuals in a given period.

The diploma thesis deals with environmental pollution and offers measures how to reduce it. It also deals with greenhouse gasses and load gasses such as ammonia, methane and others which are produced in agricultural livestock production. The thesis deals with the determination and measurement of concentrations of load gases such as ammonia and methane. Subsequently, the production specific emission is calculated, which is discussed at the end of the work and a measure for its reduction is proposed. A winter bed with deep litter was provided for the whole 24-hour measurement. The Innova measuring instrument was used for correct microclimate measurement and other special instruments were used to evaluate the results. Means for reducing gas emissions are proposed in the thesis.

Leishmania of subgenus Sauroleishmania are parasites of reptiles, most often lizards, and are not pathogenic for humans. Therefore, they are neglected group of pathogens and their life cycle is not well-known. They are transmitted probably by ingestion of infected vector which is usually considered as sand flies of genus Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae). Sauroleishmania are traditionally denominated in Hypopylaria and it is expected that their development is limited to sand fly hindgut. The main aim of this work is to summarize the present knowledge about Sauroleishmania life cycle and to elucidate some aspects of their development in the vector and host. In the first part of thesis we studied development of four Sauroleishmania species in various sand flies of genera Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus. Late-stage infections of Leishmania (S.) adleri and L. (S.) hoogstraali were found in six and two sand fly species, respectively. Hypopylarian infections of Leishmania (S.) adleri were found in Se. schwetzi, P. papatasi and P. sergenti, while in P. argentipes, P. orientalis and P. duboscqi this Sauroleishmania migrated anteriorly in the midgut (peripylarian development). Similar type of development was observed also in P. argentipes and P. orientalis infected by Leishmania (S.) hoogstraali. Both L....

A widespread occurrence of the former ecological damages and contaminated locations in the Czech Republic has been a rudiment of more than 60 years of non-democratic regimes in 1938-1989. Then, the preserving of nature and handling of harmful substances for industrial and other purposes was at a very low level. A systematic removal of these detriments of the past extended after democratisation in1990. The Czech State has taken on the responsibility for removing some of these damages, especially as a part of privatization. This has been a long-term, risky and legally demanding enterprise. A unified, co-ordinated approach to the matter at a national level has not been established yet, despite of the enormous budget. Moreover, some of the issues have not been addressed at all. Such a situation requires an immediate action since the public health has been put at risk either because of a direct contact with harmful substances or due to the groundwater contamination. Time-wise, the legal commitment of the State regarding the budgeting for decontamination of the former ecological damages of the privatized assets has not been limited. The process has been continuing for 19 years and its proceeding depends on the State assets' privatization timeframe and termination. It has been a legal obligation of the...

The environmental damage harms or threatens the two groups of interests - public and private. Both types of interests are often damaged by one event. The tort law and public liability including their financial security are therefore functionally interconnected systems, which sometimes overlap. They do not contradict but usefully complement each other. At the international level, there are several treaties governing the liability for transboundary pollution. Only one convention is legally binding and used in practice - CLC liability for oil transportation by sea, conventions on liability for nuclear damage are binding but were never used in practice. All these conventions use the classical scheme of tort law. They apply only to accidents. The liability is always objective with defences (natural phenomenon, force majeure, conduct of a third party). The liable party is always channelled to easily identifiable subject. In the case of multiple liable parties, they are liable jointly and severally. Damage must be quantifiable in money and the amount must be proved by the victim. In the case of harm to the environment, the damage is derived from the costs for reasonable preventive and corrective measures. The compensation for losses is necessary to apply in a certain period of time. These periods are...

The main goal of the thesis is to answer the question, whether the current Czech criminal legislation enables effective punishment of serious environmental offences and ensures the enforcement of rules on environmental protection in a more efficient way than administrative sanctions. Protection of the environment through the criminal law can be traced in the Czech Republic back to 1980s. However, criminal law has until now played only marginal role in the sanctioning of offences against the environment. Majority of environmental offences are prosecuted in administrative procedures. Since 1990s the international community and later also the EU have discussed the need to pursue a harmonised criminal policy aimed at the protection of the environment. In case of serious environmental violations criminal law penalties are perceived as a more effective and appropriate measure than administrative penalties. Despite the fact that most of the potentially harmful activities are strictly regulated by both EU and national environmental law, environment continues to be threatened by pollution and excessive exploitation and environmental rules are being breached. The most serious environmental crimes are related to waste management, trade in endangered fauna and flora species and discharge or emission of...

Body size has a potential to influence almost any trait in animal biology. The thesis contains four case studies (I - IV) covering four various situations and four various taxa, mainly squamate reptiles (Lepidosauria). Body size is a connecting factor for all these studies, in which I and my co-authors tried to elucidate various implications of body size. I. The sex ratio in Cuban boa (Chilabothrus angulifer) litters is often male or female biased. The neonates are so large, that are able to accept the same type of prey as are adults (in contrast to the other Chilabothrus species). We found that both the sexes are of the same size and shape at birth. Large size of the neonates a long lifespan lead to considerable generation overlaps. This could clarify our findings that small females produce sons whereas the larger ones deliver daughters. Males are smaller than females, probably also less philopatric and refuse food during breeding season. We can conclude that females manipulate the sex ratio of neonates according to its own body size, in order to decrease the probability of competition with their own offspring. II. Mangrove-dwelling monitor lizard (Varanus indicus) shows one of the greatest degrees of sexual size dimorphism among monitor lizards. We recorded the growth of the individuals from...