Studien syftar till att undersöka hur Chief Digital Officer (CDO) arbetar med digital transformation inom den offentliga sektorn. Den forskningsstrategi som har tillämpats i uppsatsen är fallstudie, eftersom att studiens syfte var att undersöka och analysera en specifik roll på djupet. Studien har en kvalitativ karaktär där en fenomenologisk ansats har applicerats då studien tar sin utgångspunkt från flera CDO:s erfarenheter och upplevelser. Studiens datainsamling har bestått av inhämtning av befintlig forskning från vetenskapliga källor och intervjuer. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem respondenter, som besitter rollen som CDO i en svensk kommun, för att samla in kvalitativ data som utgjorde studiens empiriska material. En av intervjuerna genomfördes med ett frågeformulär som skickades till respondenten via mail. De slutsatser som har kunnat dras utifrån studiens undersökning är att valet av en CDO till största del grundas i personens erfarenheter och delvis i kommunens behov av digital transformation. Det har konstaterats att det är till CDO:s fördel att placeras nära det högst beslutande organet inom kommunen samt att rollen som CDO innebär att agera förändringsledare. Rollens framtid, inom offentlig verksamhet, är oviss då det finns aspekter som pekar på både dess utveckling och avveckling. / The study aims to investigate how the role of the Chief Digital Officer (CDO) adapts the work with digital transformation in the public sector. The research strategy that has been applied in the thesis is case study, since the purpose of the study was to investigate and analyze a specific role. The study is qualitative in which a phenomenological approach has been applied since the study is based on several CDOs’ own experiences. The collection of data has been carried out by existing research from scientific sources and by collecting empirical material from the chosen respondents through semi-structured interviews. One of the interviews was conducted through a mail conversation. All the respondents possessed the role of a CDO in a Swedish municipality. The conclusion that can be made from the study is that the choice of the CDO is largely based on the person’s experiences and partly the municipality’s requirements for digital transformation. It has also been found that it is an advantage for the CDO to be placed close to the decision-maker in the municipality and the role implies to act as a change leader. The future of the role, in the public sector, is unpredictable as there are aspects that point to both its development and settlement.

The pervasive nature of technological advancements has increased the complexity, and thus the environmental volatility that span well across the borders of industries and na-tions. It could be argued that the need for firms to demonstrate dynamic capabilities are greater than ever before. In this conceptual study we take an exploratory approach to understand how dynamic capabilities are dynamically interconnected with digital trans-formation and the consequences this has on the business model(s) and further, the over-arching business strategy. This is realized through the introduction of a conceptual framework for “data-driven dynamic capabilities” which constitutes that there is a dynam-ic interconnectivity at play between the dynamic capabilities and digital transformation themes. Our findings suggest that the dynamic conflation between the two help fuel one another and that the firm’s business model(s) ought to be congruent with its data-driven dynamic capabilities. Further our findings suggest that there is a feedback loop between the firm’s overarching business strategy and its data-driven dynamic capabilities. Thus, the implications of this conceptual paper will be to create new value, adding knowledge and new theoretical trajectories into the field with the help of the integrative conceptual framework introduced in our study.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka digitalisering och digital transformation i den svenska skolan. För att besvara detta har syftet delats upp i tre forskningsfrågor: ​Hur arbetar svenska skolan med digitalisering och digital transformation utifrån ett förändringsperspektiv? Hur kan digitalisering och digital transformation av den svenska skolan förstås utifrån begreppet digital mognad? Vilka faktorer är viktiga för digital mognad inom svenska skolan? ​Denna studies design är utformad utifrån en fallstudie. Metoden som applicerats för detta arbete är dokumentstudie, där endast offentliga dokument av vetenskaplig karaktär valts ut. För datainsamlingen så har även en sökstrategi formulerats samt ett urval gjorts av dokumenten, för att kunna hitta relevant information inom området som studerats. Resultatet visar att digitala satsningar har genomförts inom den svenska skolan som till exempel ett till ett-satsningen​, i​ntroduceringen av digitala skrivtavlor i undervisningen och utvecklandet av lärplattformar. Den digitala mognaden har under detta förändringsarbete varit medelhög, men behöver utvecklas för att följa med i utvecklingen. Viktiga faktorer för digital mognad som går att identifiera för att digitalisera och genomföra digital transformation i skolan är: en tydlig vision till om vad skolan vill uppnå, konkreta strategier för hur visionen ska uppnås, tillgängliga stödfunktioner för medarbetare att utnyttja samt slutligen även kompetensutveckling och utbildningsmöjligheter för lärare att ta del av före, under och efter förändringsarbetet. / The purpose and aim of this study is to examine how the Swedish school works towards digitalization and digital transformation of their educational system. To be able to answer the purpose of this study, the research questions have been deconstructed in three parts: How does the Swedish school work with digitalization and digital transformation from a change perspective? How can this be understood based on the concept digital maturity? Which factors are important based on digital maturity for the Swedish school? ​The design of this study is based on a case study. The methodology for this study has been a document study, where public documents have been the main source for information. To be able to allocate the documents needed for the study, a search strategy has been formulated as well as criterias for selection to find relevant information. The result of the study shows that investments in digital technology have been conducted in different forms. Some examples of this is one computer to every student and teacher, digital whiteboards and digital learning platforms. The digital maturity in the Swedish school, during these organization changes, has had a middle high level of digital maturity and it is necessary to improve this to be able to tackle upcoming changes and obstacles. Important factors the study could identify was: that it is essential that there is a vision in place for what the digitalization of the Swedish school aim to achieve. Based on the vision, there needs to be strategies on how to achieve it. There is also a necessity for support systems to be in place and finally there has to be competence development as well as opportunities for the staff to get training for their digital competence before, during and after the changing process.

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Online movie distribution has become a common practice after giants such as HBO and Netflix have entered the scene. Despite the new digital technologies, the Danish movie industry are having a hard time benefitting from these. While watching the Danish movie ticket sales decrease, the film industry can observe the increasing number of people staying at home watching Netflix. Therefore, it is essential that the movie industry start looking at their business- and distribution models in order to find out where they can optimize their businesses. By using a qualitative inductive approach, this study explored how the Danish movie industry’s traditional business- and distribution models can be adjusted; in order to meet customer demands and be able to compete with its digital competitors. Focus groups with movie customers as well as interviews with industry experts were conducted. The main results were that the participants preferred watching Danish content at home, because of the lack of special effects; because of the cinema ticket prices; as well as the many different options they have at home. Furthermore, it was found that the film industry has difficulties creating content that is embracing new technologies such as 3D; that they are still focusing on the mass when producing movies; and they are not able to get first-hand data from customers. Based upon these results, new business models and distribution models were created. These implement concepts of how the Danish movie industry can meet the requirements of the audience and be able to compete with its digital competitors. The business models include a varies of factors such as Virtual Reality, 3D, data-driven marketing, audience co-creation, new niche subsidy possibility, crowdfunding, more film club memberships and QR codes. The new flexible distribution model makes it possible for a movie to move into the Video-on-Demand window as soon as the movie stops selling in the cinema. These models propose that by implementing these concepts in their business models, the film industry can attract more customers to Danish movies as well as move toward a digital transformation, letting them benefit from the new technologies and be able to compete with its digital competitors. Thereby this study contributes with the first steps for the Danish movie industry to go through a digital transformation.

Denna studie behandlar digital transformation inom försäkringsbranschen som befinner sig i en förändringsfas. Detta innebär att analoga processer som tidigare haft ett stort mänskligt inflytande kommer att helt eller delvis automatiseras. Företag som ligger bakom digital innovation inom försäkringsbranschen och använder sig av digital teknik har fått benämningen “InsurTech´s”. Dessa företag bildar en länk mellan teknik och traditionella försäkringsbolag. Studiens syfte är utreda och analysera försäkringsbranschen med fokus på innebörden för digitalisering av kärnprocesserna. Detta har gjorts genom en bakgrundsinformerande litteraturstudie tillsammans med kvalitativa intervjuer av utvalda personer som innehar olika positioner inom branschen. Studien visar vilka effekter den digitala transformation har på personalbehov, processer, kundupplevelser och kostnader. Samtidigt har interna strukturer och typen av ledarskap en potentiell påverkan på digitaliseringens resultat. Studiens omfattning begränsar sig till den svenska marknaden och digitaliseringen inom svenska försäkringsbolag. Detta genom att beskriva skaderegleringsprocessens utformning från ett analogt till ett digitalt perspektiv vilket har förändrat kundens uppfattning om försäkringar och försäkringsbolag. / This paper examines digital transformation within the insurance industry which are in a period of change. this means that analogous processes that previously have had a large human influence will be wholly or partly automated. Companies working with developing new digital innovations within the insurance industry and using digital tools are referred as “InsurTech´s”. These companies form a link between technology and traditional insurance companies. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyze the insurance industry with a focus on the significance of digitization of the core processes. This has been done through a background-informing literature study together with qualitative interviews of selected persons who hold different positions in the industry.The study shows what effects the digital transformation has on staffing, processes, customer experiences and costs. At the same time, internal structures and the type of leadership have a potential impact on the results of digitization. The scope of the study is limited to the Swedish market and the digitization within Swedish insurance companies. This is by describing the design of the claims settlement process from an analogue to a digital perspective, which has changed the customer's perception of insurance and insurance companies.

Sverige befinner sig inte längre på en världsledande position inom digital förvaltning: något man har som mål att vara. Studier om digital förvaltning har påvisat att Sverige var lägst placerade av de nordiska länderna när det kommer till användarvänlighet, transparens och säkra e-tjänster. Vidare anser många svenskar anser att svenska myndigheter halkar efter gällande digital service. Blockchain anses ha potential att vara revolutionerande för digitaliseringen inom många olika användningsområden. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur blockkedjan kan påverka den digitala transformationen av Sveriges offentliga sektor. Målet är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och utmaningar blockchain-teknologin kan innebära inom offentlig förvaltning, samt identifiera vilka typer av digitala innovationer blockchain kan bidra med. Datainsamlingen i studien följer en kvalitativ undersökningsdesign och har skett genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med myndigheter som har arbetat med blockkedjan samt personer vars arbetsroller involverar arbete med blockkedjan inom Sveriges offentliga sektor. Den insamlade datan genererade sedan den data som utgör grunden för studiens resultat. I studien har det visats på att blockkedjan kan påverka den digitala transformationen av Sveriges offentliga sektor genom att dess möjligheter har potential att skapa digitala innovation som kan förändra hur tjänster, processer, och strukturer i offentlig sektor kan komma att se ut i framtiden. De utmaningar som identifierats i studien involverar bland annat problem med prestanda, kunskaps- och erfarenhetsbrist och nuvarande lagstifning. Vilket hindrar i nuläget blockkedjans potential att kunna skapa de olika innovationerna. / Sweden is no longer in a world-leading position regarding digital administration, as it aims to be. Studies regarding digital administration show that Sweden were lowest ranked of the Scandinavian countries when it comes to usability, transparency and secure e-services. Furthermore, many Swedes think that authorities is slipping behind when it comes to digital service. The blockchain-technology is considered to have potential to be revolutionary for the digitalization of many areas. This study aims to investigate how the blockchain-technology can be used as a resource to contribute to the digital transformation of the public sector in Sweden. The goal is to research which possibilities and challenges the blockchain-technology could entail in authorities, and to identify which digital innovations it could contribute with. The data collection in the study follows a qualitative research design and has been done through six semi-structured interviews with authorities that has or intends to work with the technology and persons whose working tasks include blockchain in public sector. The collected data then generated the data that forms the basis of the study’s results. In the study we have found that blockchain could have an impact on the digital transformation of the Swedish public sector through its possibilities which has the potential to create digital innovations that could change how service, process, structure in public sector takes form in the future. The challenges identified in the study include problems with performance, lack of knowledge and experience and current legislation. Which currently prevents the blockchain’s potential to be able to create these innovations.

Digitalization has made it possible for organizations to propose value to their customers through digital services. Meanwhile, due to digital development, the digital divide has increased in society, since many older adults do not know how to use the proposed digital services.   The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and dilemmas that older adults face within digital services and how organizations can co-create value with older adults to maintain them and attract them as their customers. This study aimed to analyze existing data, but also to embrace new findings, therefore, an abductive approach has been used. Seven interviews were accomplished, one with the head of sales development at our case organization Skånetrafiken, and six interviews with older adults, who contributed with their thoughts about the digitalization, digital services, and value.   The digital divide does not only depend on the digitalization but also that older adults feel forgotten as customers since they do not follow with the digital development, which leads to older adults not knowing how to use digital services. Organizations may co-create value with older adults through a change of mindset, education, information, and interaction. Moreover, this may lead to that organizations attract and maintain older adults as their customers, meanwhile minimize the digital divide.   The context of this study has a few limitations that may affect trustworthiness. Firstly, only one region was taken into consideration. Secondly, this study could have contained more participants in interviews with older adults. Lastly, due to Covid-19, there was no possibility of having physical interviews, which set limits for reading body language and facial expressions. However, future researchers may consider these limitations and hopefully can contribute to more research on this widespread topic.   Although the findings are related to the cases of older adults and Skånetrafiken, this study contributes with original insights into the field of the digital divide, older adults, and value co-creation.

Background: IT has been reshaping competition and strategy for decades. However, the current wave of IT-driven competition is distinct from previous ones. As new digital technologies have a disruptive effect, organizations must adapt to remain competitive. Digital transformation particularly affects the automotive industry as digitalization has become the most important phenomenon since the creation of the industry. Managers in automotive companies need to thus become active in implementing strategic changes and utilize digital opportunities. For this, managers must apply their dynamic managerial capabilities to sense and seize digital opportunities and to transform the company. Research Problem: Despite the wide literature on dynamic capabilities, dynamic managerial capabilities, and digital transformation, research on these three concepts’ interlinkages is underdeveloped. There is furthermore little evidence on how the interaction of the underpinnings of dynamic managerial capabilities at an organizational level affect strategic change and performance in a changing environment. Research Purpose: The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of an automotive company’s development of dynamic managerial capabilities to facilitate its digital transformation. It aims at showcasing how managerial cognition, social capital, and human capital are relevant to sense, seize, and transform for digital transformation. A framework is developed to visualize the respective interlinkages. Research Question: How can dynamic managerial capabilities facilitate an automotive company’s digital transformation? Research Method: This study uses a qualitative approach. An in-depth case study aiming for theory-elaboration was conducted at Volvo Group. Data was purposefully collected through interviews, observations, and internal documents, and then analyzed through a thematic analysis. Conclusion: This paper’s main contribution lies in the application of dynamic managerial capabilities in the context of digital transformation. Our findings suggest that all dynamic managerial capabilities are important for sensing, seizing, and transforming for digital transformation. We find managerial cognition to be vital throughout all the dynamic capabilities steps, whereas managerial social capital has strong influence on the sensing stage. Managerial human capital in terms of industry experience plays a major role for the seizing and transforming stages of digital transformation. Our results indicate that it is important to build teams with complementing dynamic managerial capabilities to facilitate organizational digital transformation.

Introduction: Digital transformation has had a significant impact on the way businesses operate and interact with their clients. The advent of digital technologies has brought about unprecedented changes in customer behavior, necessitating continuous adaptation and transformation to maintain competitiveness. Effective leadership is crucial in selecting appropriate technologies based on the business model and making timely decisions. However, it is important to recognize that leadership is influenced by cultural and situational contingencies, and neglecting these factors can result in an incomplete understanding of leadership and its effectiveness. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether digital leadership capabilities vary across cultures and, if so, how specific cultures might influence these capabilities. By examining the impact of culture on digital leadership, this study aims to contribute valuable insights to the existing literature on digital transformation and leadership. Methodology: The research is qualitative & has a mixed approach (deductive & Inductive) & employs a relativism ontology & social constructionism epistemology. It is an explorative multi-case study, focusing on leaders in Sweden and India to investigate digital leadership capabilities for digital transformation in different cultural contexts. The data is purposively collected through semi-structured interviews & analyzed using thematic analysis technique. Analysis: The analysis of digital leadership capabilities in Sweden and India revealed that both countries recognize the importance of digital transformation for maintaining business competitiveness. While there are similarities in the findings, Indian leaders prioritize cost savings, safety, and quality of life improvements, whereas Swedish leaders emphasize agility, operational efficiency, and continuous learning. However, both cases underscore the necessity of having a clear vision and strategy, competent individuals, and effective communication to achieve successful digital transformation. Furthermore, employee engagement and empowerment, along with training and development opportunities, play critical roles in driving digital transformation. Discussion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that digital leadership capabilities are generally agreed upon across different cultures, with culture not being a prominent factor influencing the process. Digital transformation is a global trend that has emerged in response to the evolving technological landscape, and the capabilities required for digital leadership are generally consistent across cultures. Therefore, digital leaders in both Sweden and India need to possess the same essential digital leadership capabilities, albeit with potentially different approaches in accomplishing goals. The overarching capabilities of vision clarity and communication, digital strategy, employee engagement, digital governance, and digital literacy remain important in both contexts. The findings of this study has practical implications for organizations seeking to implement successful digital transformation initiatives. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides practical implications for organizations and leaders managing digital transformation within diverse cultural contexts & also for academic researchers. It highlights the importance of developing effective digital transformation strategies tailored to specific cultural contexts, thus increasing the likelihood of achieving successful digital transformation outcomes.