All managers are likely to experience situations where their employees encounter setbacks and challenges. How individuals respond to workplace setbacks or challenges is going to be determined by their level of resilience. Resilient employees are likely to take charge and bring about change, making them highly desirable in a business environment characterized by digital transformation and continuous change. Despite this, there is scarce research on how employee resilience could be promoted by managers. Therefore, this study targets that gap by exploring how the leadership dimensions individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation could promote employee resilience. Utilizing a sample of 10 employees who were currently undergoing a digital transformation, an exploratory interview study was conducted to capture the experience of employees. An abductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings, meaning that our theoretical framework played a guiding role in coding and thematic development. The findings showed that individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation were both important to promote employee resilience. However, the presence of individualized consideration was found to be necessary for intellectual stimulation to promote employee resilience. Thus, it was concluded that managers need to primarily focus on individualized consideration prior to engaging in intellectual stimulation to create a strong foundation for a change process.

The importance for businesses to adapt to the digital age should not be understated. The demand for businesses to provide its customers and clients with engaging, immersive, collaborative, and interactive products is increasing as well. User experience is a term that encapsulates these demands very well. This statement also holds true in less obvious aspects of business-customer relationships, namely in the field of project management and the relationship between the client and the provider. The question then becomes: How do you visualize and present information regarding the process and progress of a project to a client in a user friendly and interactive manner? User-centered design was the approach used to create the design solution. Five clients were interviewed, and the results of their interviews rendered in a prototype which they then tested and had evaluated. The prototype incorporate three task visualizations, supports communication and approval of design proposals, highlights when the user is required to make decisions, among other things. This design solution was deemed to adequately fulfill the users’ needs and goals, but it also had room for improvements. / Vikten för företag att anpassa sig till den digitala tidsåldern ska inte underskattas. Kraven på företag att kunna bistå med immersiva, engagerande och interaktiva produkter ökar. User experience är ett begrepp som omfattar dessa krav väl. Även i mindre uppenbara delar i relationen mellan företag och kund återfinns dessa krav, bland annat inom projektledning och i relationen mellan leverantörer och dess kunder. Frågan blir då: Hur kan man visualisera och presentera information om processen och statusen i ett projekt till en kund på ett användarvänligt och interaktivt sätt? Användarcentrerad-design var tillvägagångsättet som användes för att besvara denna fråga. Fem kunder intervjuades och resultaten från deras intervjuer ledde till en prototyp som de även senare testade. Prototypen bestod bland annat av tre aktivitetsvisualiseringar, en sida som stödde diskussion och godkännande av designförslag, samt att den belyste när användaren behövde fatta beslut. Prototypen uppfyllde användarnas behov och krav, men lämnade även utrymme för förbättringar.

The Covid-19 pandemic was detrimental to many industries and the sports industry was no exception. Due to ceased activity and financial deficit, sports organizations now look towards directing resources to developing digital technologies to enhance the customer experience. Jägersro Trot & Gallop is one of Sweden’s leading figures in the trotting industry, but they are suffering from financial decline and interest from customers. With no concrete plans on how to reach certain demographics, this study explores how digital technologies can help with reaching these demographics. This study introduces a new concept called Digital Bridge, which is prototyped in the form of a digital arena and then tested in two different qualitative focus groups. With a phenomenological approach, the study aims to understand the participant’s experience with the newly introduced concept. Findings show that the demographic between ages of 24-30 are prone to digital experiences presented in the prototype, with a high emphasis on socialization. Findings also show that the digital bridge can attract this demographic, even when individuals do not have prior experience with the sport. This study concludes that the concept of digital bridge can be beneficial for organizations who have difficulties in attracting new demographics.

Through the digitization of healthcare, large volumes of data are generated and stored in healthcare operations. Today, a multitude of platforms and digital infrastructures are used for storage and management of data. The systems lack a common ontology which limits the interoperability between datasets. Limited interoperability impacts various areas of healthcare, for instance sharing of data between entities and the possibilities for aggregated machine learning research incorporating distributed data. This study examines how a random forest classifier performs on two datasets consisting of phase III clinical trial studies on small-cell lung cancer where the datasets do not share a common ontology. The performance is then compared to the same classifier’s performance on one dataset consisting of a connection of the two earlier mentioned sets where a common ontology is implemented. The study does not show unambiguous results indicating that a single ontology is creating a better performance for the random forest classifier. In addition, the conditions of entities within primary care in Sweden for undergoing a transition to a new platform for storage of data is discussed together with areas for future research. / Till följd av digitaliseringen inom hälso- och sjukvården genereras stora volymer data som lagras och används i verksamheten. Idag används en mängd olika plattformar för lagring och hantering av data. Systemen saknar en gemensam ontologi, vilket begränsar interoperabiliteten mellan datamängderna. Bristande interoperabilitet påverkar olika områden inom hälso- och sjukvården, till exempel delning av data mellan vårdinstanser och möjligheterna för forskning på en aggregerad nivå där maskininlärning används. Denna studie undersöker hur en random forest klassificerare presterar på två dataset bestående av fas III kliniska prövningar av småcellig lungcancer där dataseten inte delar en gemensam ontologi. Prestandan jämförs sedan med samma klassificerares prestanda på ett dataset som består av en anslutning mellan de två tidigare nämnda dataseten där en gemensam ontologi har implementerats. Studien visar inte entydiga resultat som indikerar att en gemensam eller icke-gemensam ontologi skapar bättre prestanda för en random forest klassificerare. Vidare diskuteras förutsättningarna och krav på förändringsprocessen för en övergång till Centrum för Datadriven Hälsas föreslagna plattform utifrån en klinik inom primärvårdens perspektiv.

В условиях цифровой трансформации и внедрения новых технологий, разные слои общества, поколения, профессиональные группы все чаще сталкиваются с информационно-психологическим воздействием различного рода угроз. С одной стороны, стоит необходимость активизации процессов цифровизации, которые позволяют сократить сроки выполнения работы, повысить производительность труда и сократить рутинность многих операций. С другой стороны, проявился и ряд проблем, связанных с технической неготовностью персонала к внедрению новых тенденций, повышением напряженности в обществе из-за угрозы сокращения рабочих мест, страхом и внутренней неуверенностью сотрудников. На этом фоне встал вопрос касаемо поддержания психологической безопасности для сохранения оптимальной жизнедеятельности и успешного выполнения профессиональной деятельности персонала. / In the context of digital transformation and the introduction of new technologies, different segments of society, generations, professional groups are increasingly faced with the information and psychological impact of various kinds of threats. On the one hand, there is a need to intensify digitalization processes, which can reduce the time for completing work, increase labor productivity and reduce the routine of many operations. On the other hand, a number of problems appeared related to the technical unpreparedness of the staff to introduce new trends, increased tension in society due to the threat of job cuts, fear and internal uncertainty of employees. Against this background, the question arose regarding the maintenance of psychological safety in order to maintain optimal life activity and the successful implementation of the professional activities of the staff.

Digital transformation har blivit centralt i många verksamheter för överlevnad och ses som en chans för att modernisera verksamheten. En digital transformationsprocess kan starkt påverka verksamhetsprocesser och värdet på tjänster eller produkter. Det är därför relevant att förstå hur IT-beroende arbetssystem inom en verksamhet påverkas och vad det innebär för deltagare. Tidigare forskning visar på att verksamheter genomför digital transformation för att få konkurrensfördelar och bemöta utmaningar och möjligheter som digital teknik medför i industri och samhälle. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen om hur ett IT-beroende arbetssystem påverkas av drivkrafter för en digital transformationsprocess, vilken målsättning som utformats och vilka framgångsfaktorer som använts. Detta görs genom att undersöka valda teorier som har kartlagt digital transformation och relaterade fält, sedan jämföra dessa teoretiska resultat med det valda fallet. Studien har valt en kvalitativ fallstudie av bolåneprocessen inom en bank som går igenom en digital transformation som ger forskningen en djupare blick inom en specifik process och den sociala miljön. Teorierna är generaliserade för flera typer av verksamheter som går att identifiera inom detta fall men det finns tydliga områden som har visats mer relevanta. Studien har identifierat att förändrade kundbeteenden och en ökad konkurrensmiljö har drivit verksamheten till förändring. Målet för denna förändring har varit att förenkla tjänster och öka kundnöjdheten med hjälp av digital teknik. När denna utveckling utfördes identifierades det ett flertal framgångsfaktorer. Den mest prevalenta framgångsfaktorn för fallet är agil stödjande organisationskultur. Det har visats mindre påverkan på deltagarroller under förändringen. Istället har digital teknik en stor relevans på verksamhetsprocesserna för att erbjuda tjänsten. Verksamhetsprocesserna har förändrats till att erbjuda tjänsten digitalt för kunder. Samtidigt har arbetet för handläggare stöttat med fler automatiserade uppgifter och ett ökande i kundens självbetjäning digitalt. / Digital transformation has become central to many organizations for survival and is seen as a chance to modernize the business. A digital transformation process can affect business processes and the value of services or products. Therefore it is relevant to understand how IT-reliant worksystems within a business are affected and what this means for the participants. Previous research shows that organizations carry out digital transformation to gain competitive advantages and meet the challenges and opportunities that digital technology brings in industry and society. The aim of the research is to increase the understanding of how an IT-reliant worksystem is affected by drivers for a digital transformation process, which objectives have been designed and which success factors have been used. This is done by examining theories that have mapped digital transformation and related fields, then comparing these theoretical findings with the chosen case. This study has chosen a qualitative case study of a mortgage loan process within a bank that is going through digital transformation that gives the research a deeper understanding within a specific process and the social environment. The theories are generalized for several types of businesses that can be identified within this case, but there are more areas that have been shown to be more relevant. The study has identified that changed customer behavior and an increasing competitive environment have driven the business to change. The goal of this change has been to simplify services and increase customer satisfaction with the help of digital technology. When this development was carried out, success factors were found. The most prevalent for the case was demonstrated as an agile supportive organizational culture. There has been less impact on the participants' role during the change. Instead digital technology has a relevance to the business processes to offer the service. Business processes have changed to offer the service digitally for customers. At the same time, the work for administrators has been supported with more automated tasks and an increase in digitally customer self-service.

Purpose – Digital twin (DT) is one of the promising technologies within the industry 4.0 umbrella. However, for manufacturing companies, the implementation of DT is a challenge due to the limited knowledge of its drivers and barriers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the main drivers and barriers when implementing digital twin (DT) in a manufacturing industry context. The purpose is fulfilled through three research questions. The first question investigates the drivers and barriers. The second question investigates how a visualization model can be developed to assist managers. The third question investigates which actions should management take to ensure successful DT implementation.    Method – The research methods in this study are a case study and a structured literature review.  The case is a large manufacturing company that has explicit plans for DT implementation. The data collection techniques consist of interviews and a focus group. The interviews enrich the data from the structured literature review. The focus group was used to find actions that management must take into consideration for DT implementation.  Findings – The findings of the structured literature review were grouped into three drivers and three barriers. The drivers are feasibility, flexibility, and optimization; while the barriers are system and process composition, data and information flow, and labor. It was found that after overcoming some barriers, they can become a driver.  Implications – The theoretical implications are gathered important factors to consider when a manufacturing company want to transform digitally and implement DT. Not only the technicality, but also what management should consider. The practical implications are how a manufacturing company step by step can follow the provided model to minimize the effects on common barriers by incorporating drivers. From the societal perspective, the model presented in this study can support companies with DT implementation which will lead to more controlled manufacturing. For more details of how applicable the results are for different companies and industries, further research needs to be conducted.  Limitations – The study is limited to the manufacturing function, and therefore it does not investigate drivers and barriers from other functions such as product design, among others.  Keywords – Decision making, Digital transformation, Digital Twin

Corporations around the globe are embracing Digital Transformation (“DT”) to enhance competitiveness i.e., streamline operations, strengthen relationships with customers, and increase revenue.1 In this dynamic digital world, where data and algorithms are increasingly leveraged both for decisionmaking and to achieve economic and social objectives, a relevant digital transformation requires corporations to, not only onboard new technologies and ways of working, but also to address how they will be using tech in a responsible, ethical, customer/consumer-centric, and sustainable way.2 Necessarily, functions that directly impact the bottom line (like Sales, R&D, Supply Chain) are deeply engaged in these DT efforts.3 The question is what role is and should Compliance be playing in these DT efforts. This thought piece focuses on the evolving role of the Compliance function in this rapidly developing ecosystem, analyzing what role does – and should – the Compliance function play in DT and how should the Compliance function future-proof itself to better manage the governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) aspects of their corporation’s DT initiatives and better leverage the environment, social, and governance (“ESG”) objectives of their company. To address these questions, the authors interviewed two heads of Compliance at larger multinational corporations and facilitated a Salon hosted by the Digital Legal Exchange, entitled 'The Role of Compliance In Digital Transformation: Old Habits Risk Harm”. This event was attended by 12 participants including several General Counsel and Compliance professionals. The Salon was conducted under the Chatham House rule. All participants consented to an anonymised write up for these purposes.4 The purpose of this piece is to provoke more international, cross border discussion around the role of Compliance in digital transformation.

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Companies are going through a phase that is called “Industrie 4.0” where the aim is to adapt their organization and culture toward the industrial revolution that is going on. There are multiple cultural aspects to look at while going into this process. This study applied Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to go in depth when it comes to the cultural development and Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index-model to create a foundation for digital transformation to measure the digital maturity of the organization. As one of the variable is distance work and the impacts on culture development, a quantitative study has implemented to clarify the connection between these variables, but also measuring the current stage of the digital maturity of the organization. Thus, a questionnaire was shared with employees from 9 different countries to compare the responses both country wise but also department wise. Therefore, the questionnaire covered following variables: digital maturity, digital transformation, effective workforce, distance work/remote work, cultural dimensions. Additionally, hypotheses were discovered and thereafter the results were put into SPSS system and then the authors analyzed the graphs and shortly compiled the outcomes of the study. The main result showed that employees are expecting the company to take next steps on its journey toward a more digitalized company, but they are not willing to move into a hybrid model that force them to work from home more than once a week since they are satisfied with their current system. However, the company should take into account the cultural differences and attitudes that employees carry before doing any radical changes.