Esta dissertação está inserida no âmbito do estudo das imagens em livros didáticos de História. A partir da coleção História em Movimento (2014), pertencente ao Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2015 (PNLD) para o Ensino Médio, investiguei um registro imagético específico, nesse caso, as reproduções de obras de arte. Busquei compreender de que modo essa coleção articula saberes históricos com saberes artísticos, identificando e refletindo sobre as estratégias pedagógicas e metodológicas utilizadas para tal, bem como sobre as relações entre o ensino de História e o de Artes Visuais. Para tanto, me detive na análise documental do Edital de Convocação para o processo de inscrição e avaliação de obras didáticas para o PNLD 2015 Ensino Médio (01/2013), no exame do Manual do Professor da coleção História em Movimento, na realização e na análise de um levantamento quantitativo dos registros imagéticos e artísticos que compõem a referida coleção e na investigação de uma seção específica – Olho Vivo. A pesquisa demonstra que a presença de registros imagéticos e, particularmente, de reproduções de obras de arte em coleções didáticas é fruto de uma série de fatores ligados a demandas educacionais específicas. No caso da coleção História em Movimento, as reproduções de obras de arte são utilizadas na medida em que tematizam representações de personagens e indivíduos históricos, sendo interpretadas enquanto símbolos e alegorias que possuem significados específicos a serem decifrados. / This dissertation inserts itself in the scope of the study of images in History textbooks. Based on the História em Movimento collection (2014), which belongs to the 2015 National Textbook Program (PNLD) for High Schools, I have investigated a specific imagetic record, in this case, the reproductions of artworks. I have tried to understand how this collection articulates both historic and artistic knowledge, identifying and reflecting on the pedagogical strategies and methodologies used for doing so, as well as the relations between History and Visual Arts teaching. Hence, I have focused on the documental analysis of the convocation public notice for the process of enrollment and evaluation of textbooks for the 2015 National Textbook Program for High School (01/2013), on the examination of the teacher’s manual of the História em Movimento collection, on the realization and analysis of a quantitative survey of the imagetic and artistic records that compose the referred collection and on the investigation of a specific section - Olho Vivo. The research shows that the presence of imagetic records and, particularly, of artwork reproductions in textbook collections is the outcome of a series of factors connected to specific educational demands. In the História em Movimento collection, the artwork reproductions are used as far as they conceptualize representations of characters and historical individuals, being interpreted as symbols and allegories which have specific meanings and need to be deciphered.

This thesis deals with the image of the First Czechoslovak Republic as presented in history textbooks in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The main goal of the thesis is to reflect the approach to and transformation of the way the First Republic was depicted in the history textbooks issued between 1948 and 2004. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly outlines the development of school structure and curricular documents in the period observed as well as the transformation of historiographical production with respect to the Czechoslovak interwar history. Furthermore, the key terms are defined that are based on crucial topics and generalizations of the present-day Czech historiographical production. These terms are then studied in history textbooks in six periods matching the chronology of education reforms and subsequently analyzed in terms of explanation and interpretation methods. The final part of the thesis presents each of the observed interpretation changes in relation to the selected key terms. The greatest textbook alterations were found in connection with the change of the social and political circumstances after the fall of the Communist regime.

Esta dissertação pretende inserir alguns pontos em um território que atravessa as áreas da Educação e da História: o ensino de História. O problema investigativo deste trabalho se volta para o professor de História na sala de aula e questiona: como ele se constitui como sujeito? Pesquisador ou mero reprodutor de discursos acadêmicos? De que forma a bagagem acumulada no estudo dos conhecimentos históricos em nível universitário afeta a sua prática professoral? Que lugar ocupam os saberes e os fazeres docentes no ensino da História? O referencial teórico principal é composto por escritos de Michel Foucault, buscando assinalar as críticas que o autor fez à escrita da História. Como ferramenta de análise, optou-se pela descrição de cenas de aulas de História, quando o pesquisador foucaultiano e o docente se encontram no palco do acontecimento: a sala de aula. As cenas narram as relações estabelecidas entre os corpos de professor e de alunos e que resultam em choques, confrontos e embates de verdades, posições e significações. Elas buscam inserir problematizações neste cenário, fazendo surgir as experiências intempestivas e as vivências infames. O professor de História, na perspectiva foucaultiana, anseia por buscar elementos que tornem o passado um objeto vivo. Assim como aquele que se denominou historiador do presente, o caminho investigativo desta pesquisa aspira pensar de que maneira pode-se contribuir para libertar os pensamentos e as narrativas das estruturas engessadas que persistem nos ditos e escritos históricos. / This dissertation intents to insert some points in a territory that crosses the Areas of the Education and History: History teaching. The investigative problem of this study turns to the History professor in the classroom and interrogates: how does he constitute himself as a subject? Is he a researcher or mere reproducer of academic discourses? How does the know-how of the historical knowledge accumulated during the study, in university level, affect his professorial practices? What places do the professor’s knowledge and doings occupy in the teaching of History? The main theoretical framework is constituted by Michel Foucault’s writings, aiming to analyze the critics made by the author about the writings of the History. The description of History classes’ scenes was used as tool of analysis, when Foucault’s researcher and the professor meet each other on the happening’s stage: the classroom. The scenes narrate the relations established between professor and students that result in shock, confrontation and true oppositions, positions and significations. They attempt to reveal the truth established around this scenery, promoting untimely and infamous experiences. The History professor, according to Foucault’s perspective, is eager to find elements that turn the past into live object. As that one who called himself as the historian of the present, the investigative path of this research aspires to think how it is possible to contribute to release the thoughts and narratives from the plastered structures that remain in the historical sayings and writings.

Submitted by Mariana de Oliveira Brandolezi (mah.brandolezi@gmail.com) on 2018-10-01T22:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Películas da história ensinada.pdf: 2198078 bytes, checksum: ab26ebf1c3bb228797f19e8096201c3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-10-02T16:41:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brandolezi_mo_me_sjrp.pdf: 2248835 bytes, checksum: 9ce7ec7fb1eb35f99e3e4b18aabae5c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T16:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brandolezi_mo_me_sjrp.pdf: 2248835 bytes, checksum: 9ce7ec7fb1eb35f99e3e4b18aabae5c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-15 / O ensino de História está contido e constitui a cultura escolar e, como tal, configura amplo campo de pesquisa. No panorama atual é possível identificar diversos estudos que se debruçam em novas formas de ensinar história. Diante desse contexto, nos últimos anos vem ganhando importância, cada vez maior, propostas de práticas educativas associadas às Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), dentre as quais, práticas educativas envolvendo o diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história. Com base nisso, pretendeu-se neste trabalho promover investigação científica baseada em levantamento bibliográfico e entendimento historiográfico e pedagógico dos trabalhos dedicados ao diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história, publicados nos Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), ao longo do período de 1995 a 2013, visando compreender características desse campo/lugar social de pesquisa, por meio de análise indiciária. A justificativa para este tipo de estudo envolveu: 1)importância nos últimos tempos das TIC no desenvolvimento de práticas educativas, aí incluso àquelas que envolvem o cinema; 2)ausência de pesquisa recente voltada para compreensão do estado da arte de trabalhos dedicados ao diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história; e 3)importância de perscrutar os Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), dado que esse é o mais representativo evento no campo do ensino de história. O referencial teórico dessa pesquisa foi constituído com base nas contribuições de pesquisadores de temas como ensino de história, cinema, cinema e história, além de ensino de história e cinema, campo, lugar social e indícios, bem como os diálogos que promovem com os pressupostos da importância do regional, local e cotidiano. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na UNESP/IBILCE/São José do Rio Preto, apresentou abordagem quali-quantitativa, natureza aplicada e conciliou descrição e explicação, valendo-se para isso de investigações bibliográficas e documentais. / The history education is enclosed and constitutes the school culture and, consequently, sets a wide researching field. In the actual prospect is possible to identify many studies that rely on new ways to teach history. Before this context, in the last few years it has been getting a bigger importance, tenders of teaching practices associated with the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as educational practices involving the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching. On that basis, it intended with this work, to promote scientific investigation based on bibliographic survey and the historiographic and pedagogical understanding of the works dedicated to the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching, published on the Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), over the period from 1995 to 2013, to further understand features of this searching field/social site, by means of indicial analysis. The justification for this kind of study involved: 1)the importance in the past few years of the ICT in the development of educational practices, there is included the ones that develop the cinema; 2) the absence of recent research fussed on the understanding of the art state of works dedicated to the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching; and 3) the importance of peering the Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), given that this is the most representative event of the history teaching field. The theoretical reference of this research involved input from researchers of themes such as history teaching, cinema, cinema and history, as well as history teaching and cinema, field, social site and indications, such as the dialogues that further assuming the regional, local and daily importance. The research was developed at UNESP/IBILCE/São José do Rio Preto, it showed quail-quantitative approach, applied nature and reconciled description and explanation, to be valid uses bibliographic and documentary investigations. / La enseñanza de historia está contenida y constituye la cultura escolar y, como tal, configura un amplio campo de investigación. En el panorama actual es posible identificar diversos estudios que se inclinan en nuevas formas de enseñar historia. En este contexto, en los últimos años viene cobrando importancia, cada vez mayor, propuestas de prácticas educativas asociadas a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), entre las cuales, prácticas educativas que involucran el diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia. En este trabajo se pretendía promover la investigación científica basada en el levantamiento bibliográfico y el entendimiento historiográfico y pedagógico de los trabajos dedicados al diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia publicados en los Anales del Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores de la Enseñanza de la Historia (ENPEH) a lo largo del período 1995 a 2013, con el objetivo de comprender características de ese campo / lugar social de investigación, por medio de análisis indiciario. La justificación para este tipo de estudio involucró: 1) importancia en los últimos tiempos de las TIC en el desarrollo de prácticas educativas, allí incluso a aquellas que involucran el cine; 2) ausencia de investigación reciente dirigida a comprender el estado del arte de trabajos dedicados al diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia; y 3) importancia de escrutar los Anales del Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores de la Enseñanza de Historia (ENPEH), dado que ese es el más representativo evento en el campo de la enseñanza de la historia. El referencial teórico de esta investigación fue constituido con base en las contribuciones de investigadores de temas como enseñanza de historia, cine, cine e historia, además de enseñanza de historia y cine, campo, lugar social e indicios, así como los diálogos que promueven con los presupuestos de la importancia del regional, local y cotidiano. La investigación fue desarrollada en la UNESP / IBILCE / São José do Rio Preto, presentó abordaje cuali-cuantitativo, naturaleza aplicada y conciliado descripción y explicación, valiéndose para esto de investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales.

Esta dissertação está inserida no âmbito do estudo das imagens em livros didáticos de História. A partir da coleção História em Movimento (2014), pertencente ao Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2015 (PNLD) para o Ensino Médio, investiguei um registro imagético específico, nesse caso, as reproduções de obras de arte. Busquei compreender de que modo essa coleção articula saberes históricos com saberes artísticos, identificando e refletindo sobre as estratégias pedagógicas e metodológicas utilizadas para tal, bem como sobre as relações entre o ensino de História e o de Artes Visuais. Para tanto, me detive na análise documental do Edital de Convocação para o processo de inscrição e avaliação de obras didáticas para o PNLD 2015 Ensino Médio (01/2013), no exame do Manual do Professor da coleção História em Movimento, na realização e na análise de um levantamento quantitativo dos registros imagéticos e artísticos que compõem a referida coleção e na investigação de uma seção específica – Olho Vivo. A pesquisa demonstra que a presença de registros imagéticos e, particularmente, de reproduções de obras de arte em coleções didáticas é fruto de uma série de fatores ligados a demandas educacionais específicas. No caso da coleção História em Movimento, as reproduções de obras de arte são utilizadas na medida em que tematizam representações de personagens e indivíduos históricos, sendo interpretadas enquanto símbolos e alegorias que possuem significados específicos a serem decifrados. / This dissertation inserts itself in the scope of the study of images in History textbooks. Based on the História em Movimento collection (2014), which belongs to the 2015 National Textbook Program (PNLD) for High Schools, I have investigated a specific imagetic record, in this case, the reproductions of artworks. I have tried to understand how this collection articulates both historic and artistic knowledge, identifying and reflecting on the pedagogical strategies and methodologies used for doing so, as well as the relations between History and Visual Arts teaching. Hence, I have focused on the documental analysis of the convocation public notice for the process of enrollment and evaluation of textbooks for the 2015 National Textbook Program for High School (01/2013), on the examination of the teacher’s manual of the História em Movimento collection, on the realization and analysis of a quantitative survey of the imagetic and artistic records that compose the referred collection and on the investigation of a specific section - Olho Vivo. The research shows that the presence of imagetic records and, particularly, of artwork reproductions in textbook collections is the outcome of a series of factors connected to specific educational demands. In the História em Movimento collection, the artwork reproductions are used as far as they conceptualize representations of characters and historical individuals, being interpreted as symbols and allegories which have specific meanings and need to be deciphered.

Esta dissertação pretende inserir alguns pontos em um território que atravessa as áreas da Educação e da História: o ensino de História. O problema investigativo deste trabalho se volta para o professor de História na sala de aula e questiona: como ele se constitui como sujeito? Pesquisador ou mero reprodutor de discursos acadêmicos? De que forma a bagagem acumulada no estudo dos conhecimentos históricos em nível universitário afeta a sua prática professoral? Que lugar ocupam os saberes e os fazeres docentes no ensino da História? O referencial teórico principal é composto por escritos de Michel Foucault, buscando assinalar as críticas que o autor fez à escrita da História. Como ferramenta de análise, optou-se pela descrição de cenas de aulas de História, quando o pesquisador foucaultiano e o docente se encontram no palco do acontecimento: a sala de aula. As cenas narram as relações estabelecidas entre os corpos de professor e de alunos e que resultam em choques, confrontos e embates de verdades, posições e significações. Elas buscam inserir problematizações neste cenário, fazendo surgir as experiências intempestivas e as vivências infames. O professor de História, na perspectiva foucaultiana, anseia por buscar elementos que tornem o passado um objeto vivo. Assim como aquele que se denominou historiador do presente, o caminho investigativo desta pesquisa aspira pensar de que maneira pode-se contribuir para libertar os pensamentos e as narrativas das estruturas engessadas que persistem nos ditos e escritos históricos. / This dissertation intents to insert some points in a territory that crosses the Areas of the Education and History: History teaching. The investigative problem of this study turns to the History professor in the classroom and interrogates: how does he constitute himself as a subject? Is he a researcher or mere reproducer of academic discourses? How does the know-how of the historical knowledge accumulated during the study, in university level, affect his professorial practices? What places do the professor’s knowledge and doings occupy in the teaching of History? The main theoretical framework is constituted by Michel Foucault’s writings, aiming to analyze the critics made by the author about the writings of the History. The description of History classes’ scenes was used as tool of analysis, when Foucault’s researcher and the professor meet each other on the happening’s stage: the classroom. The scenes narrate the relations established between professor and students that result in shock, confrontation and true oppositions, positions and significations. They attempt to reveal the truth established around this scenery, promoting untimely and infamous experiences. The History professor, according to Foucault’s perspective, is eager to find elements that turn the past into live object. As that one who called himself as the historian of the present, the investigative path of this research aspires to think how it is possible to contribute to release the thoughts and narratives from the plastered structures that remain in the historical sayings and writings.

The way in which humanity’s past is categorized has a considerable impact on people’s perceptions of history. Hence, it is crucial for history professors to reflect on and be aware of how various periodizations may affect their teaching. This paper comprises an overview of research concerning periodization and its potential influence on history teaching. Our aspiration is that professional educators will greatly benefit from the information presented. The majority of the research has been found by utilizing the databases ERC, ERIC and SwePub. Remaining material have either been introduced to us during previous courses at Malmö University or been encountered as cited sources in previously chosen research articles. All relevant information has been utilized in the construction of this overview, and there has been no valuation regarding researchers’ potential standpoints on the matter. Our investigation has made visible that periodizations, regardless of their design, tend to be exclusionary and misleading. The eurocentric periodization in particular has been repeatedly criticized by historians due to its evident glorification of the Occident. The eurocentrism frequently tied to periodization often impinges on history teaching materials; something which is bound to affect pupils’ perceptions of the past. In an increasingly globalized world,diverse ideas of history have come to collide in heterogeneous classrooms. Therefore, it is imperative for teachers to discuss various understandings of bygone days with their students. In spite of its apparent flaws, research indicates that periodization is a necessity after all. The division of the past into manageable chunks constitutes a vital foundation most requisite for pupils’ learning. Surprisingly, a deficient amount of research has been conducted regarding periodization and its relation to history teaching. Needless to say, the subject deserves further recognition, as periodization is a historiographical tool used almost everywhere.

With the new technological advances on the eve of the end of the 19th century, a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic instructional media became available to both teachers and pupils. For effective use of the available instructional media it became increasingly necessary to become both audio and visually literate in order to interpret and understand messages from audio-visual materials/instructional media. This, however, confronted teachers with the urge to become more acquainted with the ways of how to address media selection and integration in a proper way. History as a subject taught at school lends itself to the application of instructional media in a variety of forms. Since the selection of the appropriate or the available media for the teach• ing situation is no easy task, a literature study was undertaken with the purpose of identifying factors that become apparent from media selection models and that need to be considered when instructional media are selected for the teaching of history. Apart from the prob• lem of the lack of an instructional media selection model designed specifically for history teaching, it was possible to propose suitable guidelines based on research findings for the selection of instructional media for history teaching. As far as the empirical research contained in chapter three is concerned, a questionnaire has been developed to determine to what extent history teachers in the present school situation use instructional media, and whether the media available is used effectively. A random sample of fifty (50) schools in the northern region of the Free State was used. Teachers with three years or more experience were asked to complete the questionnaire. An evaluation of the situation was created from the results. One of the most important findings was that a limited number of teachers received training in the effective use of instructional media, or in instructional media science. It appears that the choice of instructional media is considered no easy task by them. Chapter four is devoted to the practical application of instructional media in the teaching of history at the junior secondary level. There lessons have been prepared according to the model that has been developed in this project, which contain aspects of the new outcomes based on education. During the process a selection of media has also been made, ranging from what would be applicable in a school that is fairly adequately equipped with media, to schools that are only partially equipped with media. The study is concluded with a synthesis of all the findings as set out in chapters one through four, where the applicable guidelines for the teaching of history are confirmed. / Thesis (MEd (Vakdidaktiek))--PU vir CHO, 1997

With the new technological advances on the eve of the end of the 19th century, a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic instructional media became available to both teachers and pupils. For effective use of the available instructional media it became increasingly necessary to become both audio and visually literate in order to interpret and understand messages from audio-visual materials/instructional media. This, however, confronted teachers with the urge to become more acquainted with the ways of how to address media selection and integration in a proper way. History as a subject taught at school lends itself to the application of instructional media in a variety of forms. Since the selection of the appropriate or the available media for the teach• ing situation is no easy task, a literature study was undertaken with the purpose of identifying factors that become apparent from media selection models and that need to be considered when instructional media are selected for the teaching of history. Apart from the prob• lem of the lack of an instructional media selection model designed specifically for history teaching, it was possible to propose suitable guidelines based on research findings for the selection of instructional media for history teaching. As far as the empirical research contained in chapter three is concerned, a questionnaire has been developed to determine to what extent history teachers in the present school situation use instructional media, and whether the media available is used effectively. A random sample of fifty (50) schools in the northern region of the Free State was used. Teachers with three years or more experience were asked to complete the questionnaire. An evaluation of the situation was created from the results. One of the most important findings was that a limited number of teachers received training in the effective use of instructional media, or in instructional media science. It appears that the choice of instructional media is considered no easy task by them. Chapter four is devoted to the practical application of instructional media in the teaching of history at the junior secondary level. There lessons have been prepared according to the model that has been developed in this project, which contain aspects of the new outcomes based on education. During the process a selection of media has also been made, ranging from what would be applicable in a school that is fairly adequately equipped with media, to schools that are only partially equipped with media. The study is concluded with a synthesis of all the findings as set out in chapters one through four, where the applicable guidelines for the teaching of history are confirmed. / Thesis (MEd (Vakdidaktiek))--PU vir CHO, 1997

This work has the purpose of knowing the proccess by which the History teaching has been employed in Brazil, mainly in the city of Ipuã, São Paulo, in the period between the decades of 1960 and 2000. For that, we utilize as sources the legislation of the period, school curriculum proposals, the curriculum programs elaborated by the teachers and the teaching materials used throughout the period in study. We have divided our work in three parts, being the first a bibliographical study by means of a revision of the pertinent literature, the direction of History teaching in Brazil, seeking to understand it since before its constitution as school subject occurred in the Imperial period up to the decade of 2000. In the second part we reflect on the history of the city of Ipuã, approaching its history, the educational matter in the municipality and the history of the analyzed school, that is, its particularities in reference to the national scope. And in the last part, we carry out a comparative analysis of the curriculum proposals and the sources collected presenting the changes in the teaching of History as subject in the decades in study, observing its different objectives throughout the decades. From this study, we confirm the propositions of Chervel as regards the objectives of the school subjects because we understand that these latter change according to the proposed aims and that the contents of the school subjects which are taught are imposed to the school by the society and the culture that surround it, having the school a central role, the contents to be taught and the pedagogical methods applied are chosen, most of the time, influenced by determined purposes, that can be of cultural, psychological, politico-social, religious order, etc. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer o processo pelo qual o ensino de História se efetivou no Brasil, particularmente na cidade de Ipuã, São Paulo, no período competido entre as décadas de 1960 e 2000. Para isso, utilizamos como fontes parte da legislação e das propostas curriculares do período, os programas curriculares elaborados pelos professores e os materiais didáticos utilizados nos períodos em estudo. Dividimos nosso trabalho em três partes, sendo a primeira um estudo bibliográfico por meio de uma revisão da literatura pertinente, a trajetória do ensino de História no Brasil, buscando entender desde antes de sua constituição como disciplina escolar ocorrida no período Imperial até a década de 2000. Na segunda parte discorrermos sobre a história da cidade de Ipuã, abordando sua história, a questão educacional no município e a história da escola analisada, ou seja, suas particularidades em referência ao âmbito nacional. E na última parte, realizamos uma análise comparativa das propostas curriculares e das fontes recolhidas apresentando as mudanças no ensino da disciplina História nas décadas em estudo, observando os diferentes objetivos da disciplina ao longo das décadas. A partir desse estudo, confirmamos as proposições de Chervel quanto aos objetivos das disciplinas escolares, pois entendemos que estes mudam de acordo com as finalidades propostas e que os conteúdos das disciplinas escolares ensinados são impostos à escola pela sociedade que a rodeia e a cultura a qual se banha, tendo a escola um papel central, os conteúdos a serem ensinados e os métodos pedagógicos aplicados são, na maioria das vezes, de sua escolha influenciada por determinadas finalidades, que podem ser de que podem ser de ordem religiosa, político-social, psicológica, cultural, etc. / Mestre em Educação