Som en konsekvens av covid-19 har fysiska möten blivit ersatta med digitala möten. Företag har insett stora fördelar med digitala möten och distansarbete kan därmed fortsätta till viss del efter pandemin. Digitala möten innebär att människor interagerar bakom en skärm, där andra beteenden kan uppstå i jämförelse med fysiska möten. Vidare har tidigare forskning visat att personlighetsdrag är en god prediktor för beteenden. Det fanns begränsad forskning inom området, därför hade studien ett explorativt syfte att undersöka förhållandet mellan personlighetsdrag och individens beteende vid digitala möten. En kvantitativ metod användes, där studien bestod av totalt 167 deltagare (M = 41 år, SD = 13 år; 131 kvinnor). För att samla in data gjordes en internetbaserad enkät med självskattade påståenden. Enkäten byggde på påståenden utifrån personlighetstestet IPIP-30 och egna utformade påståenden. De avsåg att mäta personlighetsdragen i femfaktormodellen och en individs beteende vid digitala möten. Materialet analyserades genom en korrelationsanalys och multipla regressionsanalyser. Vår studie visade att det fanns ett förhållande mellan personlighetsdrag och beteenden vid digitala möten. Resultatet bidrog därav till en ökad förståelse om individuella skillnader vid digitala möten. Vidare för en mer ingående beskrivning av förhållandet rekommenderas att fler studier utförs och mätinstrument vidareutvecklas. Personlighetsdraget samvetsgrannhet hade störst betydelse för specifika beteenden vid digitala möten och uppvisade positiva samband till ett flertal beteenden. Det innebär att ju högre grad av personlighetsdraget samvetsgrannhet individer har, desto mer tenderar individer att hålla med om specifika beteenden vid digitala möten. / Because of covid-19 physical meetings have been replaced with digital meetings. Companies have perceived great advantage with digital meetings and teleworking may therefore continue partially after the pandemic. At digital meetings peoplecommunicate behind a screen and other behaviors may arise in comparison with physical meetings. Previous research has shown that personality traits are a good predictor for behaviors. There was limited research in the field, therefore the study had an exploratory purpose where the relationship between personality traits and individual behaviors at digital meetings were investigated. A quantitative method was used, and a total of 167 people participated in the study (M = 41 years, SD = 13; 131 women). To collect data an internet-based survey was made with self-rated questionnaires. The survey was based on the personality test IPIP-30 and self-designed statements, intended to measure the personality traits in The Big Five and individual behaviors at digital meetings. The data collection was analyzed through a correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Our study showed that there was a relationship between personality traits and behaviors at digital meetings and contributed to an increased knowledge of individual differences. For a deeper understanding of the relationship, more studies need to be accomplished and the instrument needs further development. The personality trait conscientiousness had the most meaningful impact of specific behaviors at digital meetings and showed positive correlation with several behaviors. This means that the higher value the individuals have of the personality trait conscientiousness, the more they tend to agree with specific behaviors at digital meetings.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka relationen mellan personlighetsdrag och ensamhet enligt definitionen av femfaktormodellen, och bringa klarhet i om denna association beror på könstillhörighet eller invandrarstatus. För att beskriva sambandet mellan personlighetsdrag och ensamhet har Kindling-hypotesen anammats. Kortfattat beskriver Kindling-hypotesen att oönskade  personlighetsdrag kan lämna “psykologiska ärr” på en individs personlighet, som i sin tur intensifierar upplevd ensamhet. Totalt inkluderades 171 respondenter i studien (i åldrarna 18-36; 71,3 % var kvinnor, och 28,7 % män).  Resultaten påvisade att det fanns en positiv association mellan neuroticism och ensamhet, och en negativ association mellan samvetsgrannhet och ensamhet. Slutsatsen som kunde dras från studien är att neuroticism samt samvetsgrannhet har en roll i relation till ensamhet. / The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits according to the Big Five model of personality and loneliness, and bring to light whether this association is moderated by gender or immigrant status. In order to describe the relation between personality traits and loneliness, the Kindling Effect has been used. Briefly, the Kindling Effect describes how unwanted personality traits can leave “psychological scars” in an individual’s personality, which in turn intensifies perceived loneliness. 171 respondents were included in a survey (aged 18-46; 71.3 % were women and 28,7 % men). The results showed that there was a positive association between neuroticism and loneliness, and a negative association between extraversion and loneliness. These results suggest that extraversion and neuroticism plays an important role in relation to loneliness.

The Covid-19 pandemic caused countries across the world to implement a wide range of restrictions and recommendations to control the spread of the virus. The current study aimed to investigate how differences in personality traits and differences in how an individual perceives the situation of Covid-19 among Swedish university students affect the overall compliance with guidelines applied by their government. A total of 106 university students completed a questionnaire measuring personality traits (Big Five) and perceptions of the situation (Situational Eight DIAMONDS) in relation to their self-estimated compliance. The data analysis showed that the students complied with the guidelines with a mean of 77%. Individuals who were less agreeable and perceived less adversity in the Covid-19 situation complied more. All predictor variables could account for approximately 28% of the explained variance in compliance. These results are of importance in a preparatory purpose for governments to efficiently cope with future threats.

This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of predicting success in athletes in the short- term, process-oriented goal-setting method using the NEO-FFI inventory. The first part of the thesis describes the five-factor model of personality and the possibilities of its psychodiagnostics' measurement. The second part of the thesis describes the mechanisms of the goal-setting method with rules and procedures for its effective application. The method of goal-setting is then connected in theory as well as research with a five-factor personality model using a correlation study in real conditions. The research sample consisted of 316 performance ice-hockey players aged 15 to 19 years. These players underwent the goal- setting method and the personality traits measurement using NEO-FFI. The strongest predictor of success found using the goal-setting method was the size of the selected goal. Of the personality traits, it was merely a trait extraversion, which, however, provided a relatively weak prediction option.

Kärleksrelationer är en betydande del av många människors liv. En viktig del för en välfungerande relation är att visa varandra kärlek, förslagsvis genom olika kärleksspråk. De fem kärleksspråken utformades av Chapman (1992) och innefattar tjänster, fysisk beröring, bekräftande ord, kvalitetstid och gåvor. Kärleksspråk har visat sig vara en bidragande faktor för kvalitativa kärleksrelationer. Personlighetsdraget vänligheten från femfaktormodellen är bland annat kopplat till kärleksfulla och empatiska karaktärsdrag. Denna studie har som syfte att studera sambandet mellan vänlighet och kärleksspråk. Studien undersökte även om det fanns någon skillnad på vilket kärleksspråk man har beroende på om man är singel eller i en relation. Detta undersöktes genom en enkätstudie med 417 deltagare som skapades utifrån de validerade mätverktygen Dimensioner för kärleksspråk (Love Language Subscales) och Mini-IPIP (Mini International Personality Item Pool-Five-Factor Model). Data analyserades med hjälp av en korrelationsanalys samt ett t-test. Resultatet från korrelationsanalysen visade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan vänlighet och alla fem kärleksspråk. Med andra ord tyder detta på att personer som skattar högt på vänlighet även skattar högt på Chapmans fem kärleksspråk. T-testet visade endast en svagt signifikant skillnad mellan olika relationsstatus och fysisk beröring samt bekräftande ord, där de i relation skattade högre på båda. Relationsstatus tycks alltså kunna indikera personers kärleksspråk till viss del. / Romantic relationships are a significant part of many people's lives. An important part of a well-functioning relationship is showing love to each other, preferably through different love languages. The five love languages were developed by Chapman (1992) and include Acts of Services, Physical Touch, Words of Affirmation, Quality Time and Gifts. Love languageshave been shown to be a contributing factor to high quality romantic relationships. The personality trait Agreeableness from the Five-factor model is linked to loving and empathic traits, among others. This study aims to study the relationship between Agreeableness and love language. The study also investigated if there was any difference in love language depending on whether you are single or in a relationship. This was done through a survey study with 417 participants that was created using the validated measurement tools Love Language Subscales and Mini-IPIP (Mini International Personality Item Pool-Five-Factor Model). The data were analyzed using a correlation analysis and a t-test. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Agreeableness and all five love languages. In other words, this indicates that people who score high on Agreeableness also score high on Chapman's five love languages. The t-test showed only a weak significant difference between relationship status and Physical Touch and Words of Affirmation, with those in relationships scoring higher on both. Thus, relationship status seems to be able to indicate love language to some extent.

[pt] O burnout é uma síndrome psicológica resultante do estresse crônico proveniente do ambiente de trabalho. Ele é caracterizado por três dimensões: Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização e baixa Realização no Trabalho. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar o papel das variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e escolaridade), dos fatores contextuais e dos traços de personalidade no desfecho do burnout. No total, 343 profissionais brasileiros (75,80 por cento mulheres) responderam à uma bateria online de pesquisa. Os(as) respondentes eram atuantes nas áreas da saúde, educação, serviços administrativos, segurança, bancários e atendimento ao público (e.g. telemarketing, call-centers). Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis sociodemográficas o burnout. Neuroticismo e a Abertura à experiência foram os traços de personalidade que apresentaram relação significativa com todas dimensões do burnout e a Socialização, com a dimensão de Despersonalização. Para todas as facetas do Burnout, o Neuroticismo foi o maior preditor (Beta = 0,60 para Exaustão Emocional, Beta = 0,48 para Despersonalização e Beta = 0,62 para a Realização no Trabalho). A partir dos dados, pode-se dizer que os recursos pessoais, principalmente os traços de personalidade, apresentam relação importante com o burnout, especialmente o traço de Neuroticismo. / [en] Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from the chronic stress of the work environment. It is characterized by three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Low Personal Accomplishment. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of sociodemographic variables (gender, age and level of education), contextual factors and personality traits in the outcome of burnout. In total, 343 Brazilian professionals (75.80 percent women) responded to an online battery of surveys. The interviewees were active in the areas of health, education, administrative services, security, banking and customer service (e.g. telemarketing, call centers). The results obtained did not present a statistically significant relationship between sociodemographic variables and burnout. Neuroticism and Openness to experience were the personality traits that presented significant relation with all dimensions of Burnout and Socialization, with the Depersonalization dimension. For all Burnout factors, Neuroticism was the most important predictor (Beta = 0,60 to Emotional Exhaustion, Beta = 0,48 to Depersonalization and Beta = 0,62 to Low Personal Accomplishment). Personal resources, especially personality traits, have an important relation with burnout, especially the trait of Neuroticism.

Abstract Title: Exploring the connection between personality traits and effective self-leadership: A quantitative study on how personality affects performance Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration Authors: Jonna Jonasson and Elisabeth Wallmon Supervisor: Svante Brunåker Date: 2023 - June Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore the connection between personality traits and effective self-leadership, and by extension to clarify this connection. Method: The study was based on a quantitative method of an online survey distributed to a targeted sample of Facebook users in global online Myers-Briggs Type Indicator forums. However, one open question of the survey was analyzed qualitatively through deductive thematic analysis. The questionnaire generated 980 answers which were analyzed through the statistical software program Minitab 21. A proportionally stratified sample of 100 respondents, based on the actual global distribution, was also analyzed. Results and conclusions: The findings of the empirical data show a statistically significant connection between the Big Five personality trait Conscientiousness and higher scores for the variables of “total for result” - a measurement of respondents’ ability to exercise self-leadership, and in extension self-efficacy. This connection is also confirmed by the findings of the qualitative analysis. The empirical data also indicate a connection between the Big Five personality trait Conscientiousness and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator’s Judging personality types. According to our definition of a desirable result Conscientious and Judging individuals display higher tendencies of self-efficacy in their perceived performance. Contribution of the thesis: The study provides an insight into possibilities of increasing self-awareness in individuals, thus improving their practiced self-leadership. By extension - the study contributes to improving the usage of personality tests by contemplating the additional aspect of the applicant’s personality traits that relate to self-leadership, in order to match the degree of autonomy in the work role with the applicant and provide a better understanding of the needs of the new employee. Suggestion for future research: Further research should reexamine the findings of this study in terms of actual results of accomplishing tasks in time, fulfilling commitments, and achieving set goals - thereby exploring the actual performance of the respondents. Keywords: “Self-Leadership”, “Self-Efficacy”, “Trait Theory”, “Big Five”, “MBTI”.

Med den ökande konkurrensen bland idrottare får mentala skillnader en allt större betydelse. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka om personlighet kan ha samband till prestation inom sporten bowling. För att undersöka detta fick svenska bowlingspelare besvara en enkät som inkluderade frågor om olika prestationsmått inom bowling samt personlighesformulär. Totalt inkom 121 svar vilka inkluderades i analyserna. Deltagarna hade ett åldersspann på 18 till 74 år (M = 41,89, SD = 14,24), samt en könsfördelning på 39 kvinnor (≈ 32,2 %) och 82 män (≈ 67,8 %). Personlighet har i denna studie utgått från The five-factor model of personality, även kallad femfaktormodellen, samt Grit. Resultaten från korrelations- och regressionsanalyser visade att spelare med höga värden på Grit generellt spelade i högre divisioner, medan personer med låga värden på neuroticism generellt sett hade högre snitt, vilket är ett mått på hur många poäng/serie spelaren har i genomsnitt. Resultaten visar därmed att vissa personlighetsdrag kan spela en roll för prestation inom bowling. Dock var resultaten inte helt entydiga då dessa personlighetsfaktorer endast var relaterade till specifika prestationsmått. Övriga personlighetsfaktorer kunde inte signifikant associeras med prestation inom bowling. Framtida studier bör undersöka om andra personlighetsfaktorer än de som inkluderades i denna studie, såväl som kognitiva aspekter som perception och beslutsfattande, kan relateras till prestation inom bowling. / With the intensifying competition among athletes', individual differences in mental attributes have a greater impact. This study aimed to investigate if personality traits have a relationship with performance in the sport of bowling. To investigate this, Swedish bowlers responded to a questionnaire that included questions about their their history as bowlers and as well questions about their personality. In total, 121 responses were received and included in the analyses. The participants had an age range of 18 to 74 years (M = 41,89, SD = 14,24), and a gender distribution of 39 women (≈32,2 %) and 82 men (≈ 67,8 %). In this study, personality was conceptualized accordning to The five-factor model of personality and Grit. Results from the correlation- and regression analysis overall showed that players with high levels of Grit played in higher divisions, while individuals with low levels of neuroticism generally had a higher series average, which is a measure on how many points the player has as an average taking all games into account. The results thus show that personality can have an impact on performance in bowling. However, the results were unequivocal because these personality traits were only related to specific performance outcomes.No other personality traits were significantly associated with performance within bowling. Future studies should investigate if other personality factors than those included in the present study, and as well as cognitive aspects such as perception and decision making, can be related to performance in bowling.

<p>Fundamental changes have been happening in healthcare organizations and delivery in these decades, including more accessible physician information, the low-cost collection and sharing of clinical records, and decision support systems, among others. Emerging information systems and technologies play a signification role in these transformations. To extend the understanding and the implications of information systems on healthcare, my dissertation investigates the influence of information systems on enhancing healthcare operations. The findings reveal the practical value of digitalization in indicating healthcare providers' cognitive behaviors, responding to healthcare crises, and improving medical performance.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The first essay investigates the unrevealed value of a special type of user-generated content in healthcare operations. In today's social media world, individuals are willing to express themselves on various online platforms. This user-generated content posted online help readers get easy assess to individuals' features, including but not limited to personality traits. To study the impact of physicians' personality traits on medicine behaviours and performance, we take a view from the perspective of user generated content posted by their supplier side as well as using physician statements which have been made available in medical review websites. It has been found that a higher openness score leads to lower mortality rates, reduced lab test costs, shorter time usage in hospitals treated by physicians with greater openness scores. Furthermore, taking these personality traits into consideration in an optimization problem of ED scheduling, the estimation of counterfactual analysis shows an average of 11.4%, 18.4%, and 17.8% reduction in in-hospital mortality rates, lab test expenditures, and lengths of stay, respectively. In future operation of healthcare, physicians' personalities should be taken into account when healthcare resources are insufficient in times of healthcare pandemics like COVID-19, as our study indicates that health service providers personality is an actual influence on clinical quality.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In the second essay, we focus on the influences of the most severe healthcare pandemic in these decades, COVID-19, on digital goods consumption and examine whether digital goods consumption is resilient to an individual’s physical restriction induced by the pandemic. Leveraging the enforced quarantine policy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a quasi-experiment, we identify the influence of a specific factor, quarantine policy, on mobile app consumption in every Apple app store category in the short and long terms. In the perspective of better responding in the post-pandemic era, the quantitative findings provide managerial implications to the app industry as well as the stock market for accurately understanding the long-term impact of a significant intervention, quarantine, in the pandemic. Moreover, by using the conditional exogenous quarantine policy to instrument app users’ daily movement patterns, we are able to further investigate the digital resilience of physical mobility in different app categories and quantify the impact of an individual’s physical mobility on human behavior in app usage. For results, we find that the reduction in 10% of one’s physical mobility (measured in the radius of gyration) leads to a 2.68% increase in general app usage and a 5.44% rise in app usage time dispersion, suggesting practitioners should consider users’ physical mobility in future mobile app design, pricing, and marketing.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In the third essay, we investigate the role of an emerging AI-based clinical treatment method, robot-assisted surgery (RAS), in transforming the healthcare delivery. As an advanced technique to help diminish the human physical and intellectual limitations in surgeries, RAS is expected to but has not been empirically proven to improve clinical performance. In this work, we first investigate the effect of RAS on clinical outcomes, controlling physicians' self-selection behavior in choosing whether or not to use RAS treatment methods. In particular, we focus on the accessibility of RAS and explore how physician and patient heterogeneity affect the adoption of the RAS method, including learning RAS and using RAS. Investigating the decision-making process on RAS implementation in both the learning and using stages, we show the synergy of RAS implementation in alleviating healthcare racial disparity. Ultimately, the mechanism analysis will be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism that induces the enhancement of surgical outcomes. For instance, the estimations tend to reveal that, more than surging clinical performance, RAS tends to increase standardization in time and steps when applying the treatment procedures. </p>

The dual influence of person characteristics and situational contexts on behaviour has long been debated on by personality and social psychologists alike. Traditionally, personality traits have been emphasised, whilst the assessment of situational influences has received limited attention. As a result, there has been little progress in understanding how situational contexts impact individuals' daily organisational behaviour – a key imperative of organisational psychology. This study leverages recent developments in situation assessment to investigate the extent to which personality traits and situational characteristics independently, and in combination, predict workrelevant behaviour. Survey response data from 256 South African participants within the International Situations Project (ISP; Baranski et al., 2017) were analysed. Sets of multiple regression analyses were conducted with each of seven work-related behaviours as criteria, using the Big Five personality traits and DIAMONDS situational characteristics as predictors. Next, barebones meta-analysis (Hunter &amp; Schmidt, 1990) of the resulting multiple correlation coefficients was conducted to estimate the relative predictive power of traits vs. situations, averaged across target behaviours. The results revealed that the combination of personality traits and situational characteristics explained more variance in work-related behaviour than their independent effects. Although situational characteristics independently predicted all work-related behaviours, personality traits were not strong predictors of particular behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of integrating knowledge of both traits and situations to enhance our understanding of why people behave the way they do. Practically, results further suggest that organisations may increase the ability to predict employee behaviour on the job by incorporating measures of situations, in combination with traits, into human resource management applications (e.g., personnel selection and assessment).