Orientador: Miriam Viviana Gárate / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_FernandaAndradedoNascimento_D.pdf: 3070692 bytes, checksum: 507a0ac805dbc5e0b114974427b8d3d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho propõe a leitura de três textos literários latino-americanos: O invasor, do brasileiro Marçal Aquino, Rosario Tijeras, do colombiano Jorge Franco, e Un asesino solitario, do mexicano Élmer Mendoza, elegendo como eixo de análise a figuração de um personagem emblemático, o pistoleiro/sicário. Nas três obras, é possível destacar aspectos semelhantes: o delineamento de um outro social, o bandido, ao qual se opõe ou com o qual se relaciona organicamente um representante da classe média/alta; a construção de uma voz narrativa que, em diferentes medidas, coloca em tensão essa relação; a configuração de cidades atravessadas pelo crime e de discursos sobre a violência; a recuperação de um personagem, o bandido, presente na tradição literária anterior de cada país; a adesão a gêneros populares, como o melodrama e o romance policial. Considerando esses aspectos, a tese divide-se em duas partes. Centrando-se no espaço e na voz narrativa, os dois capítulos da primeira parte buscam mostrar como os romances constituem a relação com a alteridade no território urbano e como constroem, ao mesmo tempo, um discurso sobre a cidade e sobre o delinquente. A segunda parte dedica-se ao imaginário cultural em torno do bandido e da figuração da violência. Assim, o terceiro capítulo aborda marcas do romance noir em O invasor, traços melodramáticos em Rosario Tijeras e elementos de tramas policiais em Un asesino solitario. O quarto capítulo propõe um estudo da elaboração da figura do marginal nas literaturas brasileira, colombiana e mexicana, passando, respectivamente, por tipos como o malandro e o cangaceiro, o pájaro e o bandolero. Por fim, o último capítulo dedica-se ao diálogo desses textos literários com os presentes em outros meios, como a televisão, o cinema e a música / Abstract: This study proposes the reading of three Latin American literary texts: O Invasor, written by Brazilian Marçal Aquino, Rosario Tijeras, written by Colombian Jorge Franco and Un asesino solitario, written by Mexican Élmer Mendoza. Elected analysis axis was the emblematic character figuration, the gunman/assassin. In all three texts, it is possible to highlight similar aspects: the design of a social other, the gangster, opposed by or to which organically relates a representative of the middle/upper class; the construction of a narrative voice that, in different measures, puts strain on that relationship; the configuration of cities crossed by the crime and discourses about violence; recovery of a character, the bandit, present in the earlier literary tradition of each country; the adherence to popular genres such as melodrama and detective novel. Considering these aspects, this thesis is divided in two parts. Focusing on space and narrative voice, the two chapters of the first part aim to show how the novels constitute the relationship with otherness in the urban area and how they build up, at the same time, a speech about the city and the delinquent. The second part is devoted to the cultural imaginary around the bandit and the violence figuration. Thus, the third chapter approaches marks of the novel noir in O Invasor, melodramatic traits in Rosario Tijeras and police plots elements in Un asesino solitario. The fourth chapter proposes a study of the development of the marginal figure in Brazilian, Colombian and Mexican literature, through, respectively, types like the trickster and the outlaw, the pájaro and the bandolero. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to dialogue these literary texts with the stories present in other media, such as TV, cinema and music / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutora em Teoria e História Literária

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Este trabajo analiza la gestación, funcionamiento y recepción de la estrategia literaria de Fernando Vallejo, en especial, el malditismo y la subversión que caracterizan su controvertida poética. Para hacerlo, adopta un enfoque metodológico que tiene en cuenta tanto los aportes de la Sociología de la literatura como los de disciplinas como la Estética de la recepción y el Análisis del discurso, sin olvidarse de estudiar los códigos narrativos, afectivos y culturales que favorecen los efectos subversivos de sus textos, entre los que destaca el pacto ambiguo firmado con sus lectores por el autor colombiano, único en la narrativa actual en español. <p>Ante la ausencia de un marco teórico sobre este tipo de obras subversivas o malditas, de manera más específica se intentan desentrañar las claves principales de las poéticas del mal y de la subversión, llegando a proponer un cuadro explicativo con los rasgos que, en base al estudio pluridisciplinar de nociones como la “desviación social”, el “mal” y la “subversión”, presentan los textos literarios subversivos y malditos. En este sentido, los no hispanistas pueden leer esta tesis como un case study o materialización de dicha propuesta <p>/ <p>Ce travail analyse la gestation, le fonctionnement et la réception de la stratégie littéraire de Fernando Vallejo, et plus particulièrement la malédiction et la subversion qui caractérisent sa poétique controversée. Dans ce but, l’étude adopte un point de vue méthodologique qui tient compte tant des apports de la Sociologie de la littérature que de l’Esthétique de la réception et de l’Analyse du discours. Seront également étudiés les codes narratifs, affectifs et culturels qui favorisent les effets subversifs des textes, parmi lesquels ressort l’ambiguïté du pacte signé par l’écrivain colombien avec ses lecteurs, unique dans la littérature contemporaine de langue espagnole. <p>Devant l’absence de cadre théorique sur ce type d’œuvres subversives ou maudites, il s’agit d’identifier de manière plus spécifique les éléments clés des poétiques du mal et de la subversion, pour arriver à proposer un cadre explicatif. Celui-ci comprend les caractéristiques que présentent, sur base de l’étude pluridisciplinaire de notions telles que la “déviation sociale” et la “subversion”, les textes littéraires subversifs et maudits. En ce sens, les non hispanistes pourront lire cette thèse comme une étude de cas ou comme la matérialisation d’une telle proposition théorique. / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

There is little solid research that explores counterinsurgency practices against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), not only from the standpoint of what is being done, but, rather, what should be done based on past COIN successes. Notable works on counterinsurgency in Colombia include the research of Tom Marks, who focused on operational strategy and tactics; Kevin Self, who professes the importance of controlling territory in defeating the FARC, by addressing the social and institutional ills within Colombia itself; and Dennis Rempe, who notes US involvement in shaping Colombia's COIN strategy. Using a comparative case study model, this thesis provides an analysis of Colombia?s counterinsurgency (COIN) strategies and tactics through the lens of successful and unsuccessful COIN operations in Iraq, Algeria, Malaya, South Vietnam, Thailand, Algeria and El Salvador over the course of the 20th and early 21st centuries. After all, no matter how successful a COIN force is militarily, their accomplishments will ultimately be fruitless if the conditions which fuel insurgency remains present. This paper begins by providing the historical context for the conditions which shaped the Colombian social order, which led to the revolutionary movement. It then follows the growth of the FARC, examining that organization?s strengths and weaknesses. The FARC is contrasted by outlining recent COIN transformation efforts within the Colombian government, to include little acknowledged failures and successes, strengths and weaknesses. An important focus is placed on Colombian President Alvaro Uribe Velez? Democratic Security Policy as the model for Colombia?s current COIN efforts. After next examining various ongoing factors contributing to the Colombian insurgency?to include institutional failures, illicit funding and the problem of paramilitary groups?this thesis examines past COIN efforts by other governments. Finally, after applying lessons learned from thee past COIN efforts?cross-referencing historically successful and unsuccessful tactics with tactics used and not used by Bogota in its fight against the FARC?I provide recommendations to the government of Colombia (GOC) on how to improve its COIN efforts. Although it is important to look at this problem set from an external standpoint, we must still factor in internal factors that have limited Colombia?s ability to emerge victorious, such as allowing porous borders, airspace and coastlines; placing a priority on killing or capturing the enemy and not on engaging the population; and the primacy of military direction of counterinsurgency; disregard of basic human rights; an insufficient judiciary structure; failure to halt financial support mechanisms; and the lack of an outlet for political inclusion . From this vantage point, we will be able to see that these elements?when properly implemented?have proven successful over time and may enhance GOC success and ultimately result in victory over the insurgency that has plagued their country for 40+ years

Les biens d'usage public sont la catégorie centrale de la construction du droit administratif des biens. L'absence d'une analyse d'ensemble de la catégorie, en droit colombien, pousse à revoir les bases sur lesquelles elle repose et ses conséquences. Plus que toute autre catégorie juridique, les biens d'usage public sont tributaires de leur histoire, c'est dans l'étude de cette dernière que se trouvent les clés d'interprétation de tout le système. Le modèle utilisé par le code civil colombien a été calqué sur la division des biens publics, opérée par le droit espagnol colonial – inspirée à son tour du droit romain. Une mise à jour s'avère nécessaire. À partir de la notion de propriété publique, et de son régime constitutionnel, il est possible de construire une définition matérielle des biens d'usage public, permettant de comprendre les caractéristiques de l'usage public. Cela implique, aussi, une révision complète du régime juridique à la lumière de l'exploitation sociale et économique – valorisation – de la propriété publique. À une triple protection, celle de la propriété publique, du bien d'usage public et de l'usager, s'ajoute une nouvelle approche des occupations privatives. Cette idée d'exploitation sociale et économique anime un nouveau régime des titres habilitant l'occupation privative, des redevances pour occupation des biens d'usage public et des droits réels administratifs. / Regulation of public property available for public use is at the core of administrative law. The Colombian Civil Code has copied colonial Spanish law in the matter, which in turn was inspired by Roman law. However, the absence of an exhaustive and coherent regulation in Colombia has forced the interpreter to study its foundation and further developments to interpret it. An update of this legal system is, therefore, imperative. Beginning with the concept of public property and its constitutional regulation, it is poss ible to analyze the elements of its public use, which will allow proposing a definition of those assets. It is necessary to analyze the regulation of these public properties under the light of their social and economic value. The protection granted by the law to the concepts of public property, public use and public user, has to be assessed under the new approach of the administrative authorizations pertaining to such public property. This notion of social and economic value will also allow scholars/people to have a new vision of the regulation of administrative authorizations, the exclusive rights (in rem) they confer and the income they produce.