Abstract Political behavior in organization is undeniable, while studies of organizational politics lasting for recent decades had accumulated abundant understanding in this area. However, there are still many arguments against this complex subject needed further research. The purpose of the research is 1) to test and verify the input model of Organizational Politics Perception Model¡C 2) to test the effectiveness and reliability and solve the controversy of dimensions of POPS ¡C 3) to further refine the input model by type analysis and try to explain the cause of Organizational Politics Perceptions¡C For research procedure and sample: Participants were 973 and drawn from Hospital¡Bprivate and public service firms¡Btraditional manufacturing and high-technical firms¡CThe research method is descriptive statistics analysis¡B reliability analysis¡Bfactor analysis¡Bregression analysis¡Bone-way ANOVA and cluster analysis¡C

The purpose of this study is to reveal the perceptions of teachers, learners, teacher trainers and administrators on teachers

ABSTRACT Most of the organizational politics derive either from achieving the organizational goal by organizational members, or from the purpose of maximizing self-interests. Therefore, Perceptions of Organizational Politics (POPs) might influence the perception of need satisfaction or outcome and affect job involvement and job performance. The purpose of the study is to understand the relationship among POPs, job involvement and job performance. Through empirical survey, there are several outcomes as follows: 1. Females have more political perceptions of organizational policy and practice than males do. 2. Members under 35 years old have more perceptions of supervisors¡¦ political behavior and have more perceptions of coworkers¡¦ and cliques¡¦ political behavior than members over 35 years old do. 3. Single members¡¦ POPs is higher than married members¡¦. 4. Non-managers¡¦ POPs and perceptions of coworkers¡¦ and cliques¡¦ political behavior are higher than managers. 5. The higher the managers¡¦ level, the higher the job involvement. 6. The dimensions of POPs are negatively relative to job involvement. 7. By controlling sex, marriage, age, education, service seniority, and position to examine the relationship between POPs and job performance. 7.1 Females, single, under 35 years old, college and above, seniority and managers have higher perceptions of supervisors¡¦ political behavior and lower job performance, task performance, and contextual performance. 7.2 Females, college and above, seniority, and managers have higher political perceptions of organizational policy and practice, and higher job performance. 7.3 Males, under 35 years old, college and above, less years spent on the job, non-managers have higher political perceptions of organizational policy and practice and higher task performance. 7.4 Females, seniority, and managers have higher political perceptions of organizational policy and practice and higher contextual performance. 8. As an interference variable, job involvement doesn¡¦t significantly interfere the relationship between POPs and job performance.

Members¡¦ political behaviors in organizations often influence the decision of Human Resources on members¡¦ salary or promotion. After perceiving organizational politics that might alter their expected job reward and performances, in the short run, employees might react negatively and lead to behaviors such as reduction of job involvement, dissatisfaction, job anxiety, as well as absentness. In the long run, there will be increasing turnover. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship among Perception of Organizational Politics (POPs), Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction. Through empirical survey data analysis, the findings are as follows: 1.There is no relationship between gender and turnover intention. 2.Members¡¦ age is negatively correlated with their turnover intention. 3.The turnover intentions of college & university graduates are lower than those with less education. 4.Members who are single have a higher turnover intention, compared with those of married members. 5.Members with longer tenure have a lower turnover intention. 6.Managers¡¦ turnover intention is lower than those with non-manager positions. 7.Members with higher POPs also tends to have higher turnover intentions. 8.Members with higher POPs have lower job satisfaction. 9.Job Satisfaction serves as an intervening variable, partially mediates the relationship between members¡¦ POPs and their turnover intentions.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-21).

The purpose of this research study was to (a) analyze perceptions of parent involvement across raters (i.e., seventh grade students versus their parents) and across ethnicity (i.e., African American versus European American), and (b) examine how perceptions of parent involvement are related to academic achievement. A subsample of archival survey data collected in one central Florida school district was analyzed for the current study. Findings revealed a positive but weak relationship between students' and parents' perceptions of parent involvement regardless of ethnicity. Significant differences were found in the perceived levels of involvement by ethnicity, even when controlling for SES. In general, there was a positive but weak relationship between perceptions of parent involvement and student academic achievement regardless of ethnicity and while controlling for SES. It is suggested that the weak relationships between parent involvement and student achievement found in this study may be due to the types of items used in the surveys, which focused on limited aspects of parent involvement (e.g., PTA membership and help with homework). Further research exploring how the construct of home-school collaboration is best operationalized among diverse groups of families is needed.

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Dans un contexte de rareté et volatilité des hauts potentiels, attirer et retenir les "Knowledge workers" est devenu un enjeu de taille pour les entreprises en concurrence. Cette recherche tente d'apporter une lecture spécifique de l'approche "Competency-based pay" (Lawler, 1994 ; Ledford, 1995 ; Zingheim & Schuster, 2007) qui met l'accent sur le rôle stratégique de la structure de rémunération globale (Le Berre, 1993 ; Igalens & Roussel, 1996 ; Peretti, 2000), et le redéploiement efficace de ses composants, et ses modalités d'évaluation et de gestion comme des variables d'action susceptibles de répondre aux espérances des Knowledge workers, dans l'objectif de développer leur engagement organisationnel (Meyer & Allen, 1991 ; Meyer & Parfyonova, 2010). Une étude quantitative est menée auprès de 313 cadres informaticiens de la région parisienne qui renseigne sur leurs prétentions salariales les plus à même d'avoir un pouvoir attractif et prédictif sur leur engagement organisationnel. Il en ressort, l'attractivité perçue à l'égard aussi bien de la rémunération de la performance, individuelle et collective, en réponse à leurs attentes multidimensionnelles; du package de la rémunération flexible constitué d'un large éventail de choix entre les différents composants de la rémunération globale; et de la rémunération du développement personnel et professionnel monnayant leurs investissements consentis au travail. Néanmoins, même si la rémunération irréversible perçue comme un droit acquis s'avère comme peu attrayante en raison des critères d'évaluation inadéquats; il n'en demeure moins vrai qu'une rémunération au mérite se basant sur les compétences déployées et les performances réalisées, est la variable d'action à revisiter par l'entreprise française. Sachant que les Knowledge workers ont constamment le regard porté sur l'équité professionnelle, la reconnaissance du mérite individuel, la valorisation des contributions collectives, la satisfaction du besoin d'accomplissement personnel et professionnel devraient sans tarder inspirer des stratégies de rétention mieux adaptées à ces profils rares et volatiles. / Attracting and holding «Knowledge workers" in the current context of potential scarcity and volatility has become a major challenge for companies in perpetual competition. This research attempts to provide a specific reading of the "Competency-based pay" approach (Lawler, 1994; Ledford, 1995; Zingheim & Schuster, 2007) which focuses on the strategic role of overall compensation structure (Le Berre, 1993; Igalens & Roussel, 1996; Peretti, 2000) and the effective redeployment of its components. This work also examines its methods of assessment and management as action variables likely to meet the expectations of Knowledge workers, with the ultimate objective of developing organizational commitment (Meyer & Allen, 1991; Meyer & Parfyonova, 2010). A quantitative study was conducted among 313 IT managers in the Paris region, the results of which indicate that salary is the variable most likely to have an attractive power and to be predictive of organizational commitment. It appears that in response to multidimensional expectations, flexible remuneration packages increase perceived attractiveness of individual and collective pay for performance. This can be manifested in a wide range of choices between different total compensation components, and includes compensation for personal and professional development resulting from investment at work. “Permanent compensation” is seen as an acquired right, yet is comparatively unattractive because of inadequate evaluation criteria, thus, merit pay based on deployed skills and performance is the variable that French companies need to reexamine. Knowing that Knowledge workers constantly seek employment equity and recognition of individual merit and collective contributions, strategies suited to satisfying the personal and professional needs of these rare and volatile individuals should immediately be enacted.

Aujourd'hui, essentiellement dans les pays développés, nous passons de la propriété à l’usage et donc du transport à la mobilité. La mobilité est au cœur de la vie des gens et la structure ; elle est source d’externalités positives (activité économique, gain de temps, accessibilité géographique) mais aussi négatives concernant l’environnement (pollutions locales, gaz à effet de serre), le social (inégalités face à la mobilité) et l’économie (perte de temps dans les embouteillages). Il convient alors de s’intéresser aux conséquences sur les attentes des individus, des politiques publiques permettant de réduire ces externalités négatives.Cette thèse, financée par le Groupe PSA, vise à étudier la demande de mobilité à travers la construction des préférences modales. A cette fin, le Processus d’Analyse Hiérarchique est utilisé pour analyser l’importance des attributs caractérisant les modes de transport et les perceptions de ces attributs pour chaque mode de transport. Un traitement économétrique est alors réalisé concernant les attitudes et les perceptions et différents modèles sont comparés entre eux avec et sans contraintes d’accessibilité. Enfin, une taxe carbone est introduite dans notre modèle à travers un choc de perceptions à court terme pour analyser les changements de préférences modales. Un nouveau moyen de transport est également introduit. La combinaison de ces deux éléments est ensuite analysée sous l’angle des parts modales et des émissions de CO2. Le cadre d’analyse ainsi construit permet de simuler des changements à plus long terme. En d’autres termes, il permet de modéliser l’impact de scénarios prospectifs sur les préférences modales. Ce modèle a été délivré au Groupe PSA afin de lui permettre d’affiner la construction de ses scénarios prospectifs ainsi que leurs connaissances sur la demande de mobilité.Les résultats principaux sont qu’il faut introduire une taxe carbone suffisamment élevée pour impacter significativement et positivement la baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant des déplacements. Parallèlement, un nouveau mode de transport situé entre le vélo et le véhicule électrique implique une augmentation de la satisfaction des individus. En conclusion, si l’objectif est et de réduire les émissions de CO2 dues au transport tout en maximisant la satisfaction des individus, notre modèle nous dit qu’une taxe carbone assez élevée incite à l’innovation et permet donc de faire émerger de nouveaux moyens de transports plus propres et mieux adaptés aux différentes attentes des individus. / Today, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations.

Certaines œuvres théâtrales de ce XXIème siècle semblent inscrire au cœur de leur projet esthétique une mise en question de l’ordre perceptif en créant de nouvelles manières de voir, d’entendre et d’être affecté. Le drame ‒ comme action ‒ s’y trouve réactualisé dans une forme s’adressant aux perceptions du spectateur au travers d’une dramaturgie visuelle, voire perceptuelle, prenant appui sur une fabrique d’images scéniques. Notre étude propose d'investir dans le champ du théâtre une part de la recherche sur l’image en mettant en perspective les questions esthétiques, philosophiques, voire politiques que soulève la notion d’image scénique. L’œuvre du metteur en scène italien Romeo Castellucci est représentative de la spécificité du plasticien qui trouve sur la scène un nouveau support de création d’images, un médium particulier mettant en jeu le corps, l’espace, la forme et où le texte, pourtant largement muet, hante la scène. Ce théâtre plastique remet en cause les fondements du théâtre traditionnel (action, personnage, fiction), invente un drame proprement figural et cherche à déplacer le regard du spectateur. Dans une oscillation entre apparition et disparition du visible, représentation et ineffable, il offre au spectateur un processus expérientiel au sein d’un laboratoire où l’image joue contre l’image, inquiète le regard et les perceptions convenues de la réalité.Le déplacement de la théorie de l’image dans le champ du théâtre nous permettra, au travers de la démarche singulière de Romeo Castellucci, d’apporter notre contribution à l’analyse des modalités opératoires de son efficace esthétique et des enjeux critiques et politiques du théâtre contemporain. / Some theatrical pieces from this 21st century seem to include in their esthetical project a question of the perceptive order by creating new ways of seeing, hearing and being affected. The drama ‒ as an action ‒ finds itself updated in a form addressing to the spectator’s perceptions through visual dramaturgy, even perceptive, based on a factory of scenic images. Our study offers to invest in the theater field a part of the research and thoughts about the image by putting into perspective the esthetical, philosophical, and even political questions that the notion of scenic image raise.The particular piece from the Italian director Romeo Castellucci is representative of the visual artist’s specificity who finds on the stage a new creating support for images, a particular way of involving body, space, shape, matter and where the text, although especially mute, is haunting the stage. This plastic theater questions the foundations of traditional theater (action, character, fiction), creates a properly figural drama and tries to move the spectator’s sight. In an oscillation between visual appearance and disappearance, representation and unspeakable, he offers to the spectator an experiential process in a laboratory where image plays against image, worries the sight and the accepted perceptions of reality.The displacement of the image’s theory in the theatrical field will allow us, through Romeo Castellucci’s singular approach, to make our contribution to the operating procedures analysis of his aesthetic’s efficiency, reception mechanism of the spectator and critical and political skates of the contemporary theater.