本文從社會脈絡的角度來思考網際網路之傳播研究，認為單一網路傳播現象或傳播事件有助於簡化研究問題。因此本文試圖從網際網路中的一個重要傳播形態－全球資訊網－出發，目的在了解其特殊文本結構與傳播特質，如何影響其在某一社會議題傳播過程（或傳播內容的生產與消費）中的論述表現？以及此論述表現對社會議題的影響力和意義？作者挑選了一個曾是重要社會議題，也與全球資訊網傳播形態發生關連之國民卡事件作為討論對象，原因是「反國民卡網站」的成立讓反國民卡行動成為一個與網路傳播相關的社會事件。在研究方法上，作者嘗試應用論述分析方法於全球資訊網網站的分析中，並希望發展出全球資訊網的系統性分析方法。研究發現，論述活動接合了網際空間與社會空間，因此論述可以作為研究網路傳播之出發點。其次，全球資訊網超文本之開放性，提供社會成員更多操縱傳播媒體的機會以及一個多元論述的環境，讓社會成員依自身利益主動結合取得對事物的詮釋權力，而全球資訊網論述表現對社會議題所具有的意義，也就在它可以作為一個「團體的媒體」，讓社會成員可以結合起來對抗社會中的主流論述。最後，全球資訊網網站之論述分析可以從網站「文本」形態出發，進而討論文本背後所牽涉到的相關社會脈絡，以豐富對個案的詮釋。

電子化/網路化政府是政府再造中非常重要的一項工作，企圖藉由政府中各項資訊系統的使用，使行政效率提昇及行政運作更為便利，在資訊科技引進政府公部門的同時，也產生了許多問題，如資訊貧富差距、資訊不對稱以及資訊內容隱私權的侵害等問題，其中後者的嚴重性及廣泛性更是前二項所不能比擬，當政府結合各項行政資訊系統以快速、便捷的提供服務時，在運用關於民眾個人的資訊及資料上，可能產生資訊隱私權侵害的情形。這是由於政府為了達到效率與行政便利、公共利益、國家安全或是資訊公開等行政目標、價值，運用各項新興行政資訊系統時，忽略了考量其他價值所產生的問題。 以往在個人資訊隱私權侵害的案例上，往往是私人間的問題，私人對私人的侵害，但事實上此種侵害可分為兩種形式，一為私人間的侵害，另一則為政府對人民的侵害，後者的範圍及情形往往更為嚴重。因此本文擬將焦點置於國家與政府機關，探討資訊隱私權的意涵、起源、保障基礎，針對我國在推動電子化/網路化政府所欲追求的目標中，有哪些與民眾資訊隱私權相互衝突，其衝突點為何，進行深入分析，並嘗試運用四項政策工具—技術、法律、社會及文化，建構一個安全的資訊隱私環境。首先探討此四項政策工具的理論性內涵，並實際對照目前我國政府行政機關運用這四項政策工具的情形，有何缺失，並嘗試提出改善建議。最後並以行政院研考會規劃推動的國民卡計畫為例，探討政府實際對人民資訊隱私權侵害的可能性，及如何運用這些政策工具來降低侵害的產生。因此本研究的主要研究問題即為： 1、政府在採行業務電腦化，並進一步拓展為電子化/網路化政府時，對人民資訊隱私權侵害的可能性及型態為何？ 2、人民資訊隱私權與政府引進資訊科技從事公務運作所追求的行政價值間衝突為何？ 3、如何運用四項政策工具—技術、法律、文化及社會—來調和並建構健全的資訊隱私環境？ 在主要問題之下，次要研究問題則有： 1、資訊隱私權的意涵為何？ 2、資訊隱私權的保障基礎為何？ 3、我國政府行政機關實際運用四項政策工具保障民眾資訊隱私權的現況如何？ 各章節內容要點概說如下： 第壹章　緒論：旨在闡述本研究之研究動機與目的、研究範圍與限制、研究方法與流程、研究架構及相關重要名詞釋義。 第貳章　資訊隱私權與行政價值間的衝擊：其中先對資訊隱私權此一概念從事文獻檢閱，瞭解其目前學術及實務發展狀況，之後探討其意涵、保障基礎、侵害型態等，最後並針對政府機關引進資訊科技時所欲追求的目標、價值與資訊隱私權間的衝突進行深入分析。 第參章至第伍章屬於本研究的主要架構，分別探討建構健全資訊隱私環境的四項政策工具。 第參章　建構安全資訊隱私環境之技術面保障：探討保障資訊隱私的可行技術，主要分三部分來說明，使用者認證機制與防火牆、加密技術以及數位簽章與公開金鑰認證機構。 第肆章　建構安全資訊隱私環境之法律面保障：探討相關的法律規定，主要分為二部分，分別為各國相關法律規範及國際組織保障新趨勢。 第伍章　建構安全資訊隱私環境之其他層面保障：主要探討文化面及社會面的保障，文化面即公務人員資訊倫理文化之培養；社會面則為外部保障監督機制的設置。 第陸章　我國安全資訊隱私環境之現況分析：針對上述三章的討論內容，分析我國實際應用情形，並指出其問題所在。 第柒章　個案分析：以國民卡專案計畫為例，針對其所引發的一些資訊隱私權爭議進行分析，並且嘗試提出運用上述四項政策工具加以改善的建議。 第捌章　結論與建議：內容包含研究發現、研究建議以及後續研究建議等。

隨著IC卡的使用，它正深深地影響著我們的未來生活方式，其應用發展趨勢也是值得我們重視的課題。本研究主要從「IC智慧卡成為主流的資訊載具」、「我國內政部、衛生署、交通部及財政部等中央各部，對IC卡之應用發展各擁管轄範圍且各自發展」、「民間業者各自引進或發行電子現金儲值卡」等三方面，說明其可能造成的結果及相關重要課題，以作為本研究之動機。 本研究從我國IC卡應用發展相關文獻中，搜集和本研究主題較相關者，提出IC卡票證整合、IC卡安全整合機制及IC卡規模經濟等值得研究課題，以作為進行IC卡應用發展趨勢研究之參考。 對於IC卡目前應用發展現況，本研究主要說明政府推動國民卡的沿革、政府推動自然人憑證的沿革、政府推動健保IC卡沿革及交通IC票卡目前應用發展，以利了解我國IC卡目前應用發展現況。 針對交通IC票卡，本研究說明北、中、南各地區電子票證IC智慧卡應用發展，包括悠遊卡、台中ｅ卡通、Taiwan Money Card等，後續說明IC票卡規格發展及交通IC票卡系統架構發展，以更深入了解交通IC票卡目前應用發展現況。 本研究針對IC卡應用發展問題，進行更深入的分析，主要論述面向，包括技術面(IC卡規格、IC卡系統架構) 、法令面(IC卡法令規定)、經營管理面(含IC卡管理組織、發行、經營模式)等方面，以發掘問題，分析問題及提出解決策略。 本研究針對所提出之解決策略，予以聚焦，以提出更關鍵的解決策略，包括：(一)技術面：1.建立IC卡共同憑證。2.建立IC卡安全認證。3.建立IC卡整合架構。(二)法律面：1.修改銀行法及交通運輸相關法規中不合IC卡現有運作之規定。2.增訂電子票證法規。(三)經營管理面：1.建立規模經濟發卡量。2.建立IC卡發卡機構經營模式。 3.建立憑證認證機構公信力。4.建立IC卡資訊交換中心。 本研究針對三個構面，提出核心解決策略為「一卡通用」及其整體解決架構及實施步驟，且對整體解決策略之構想方案，提出IC卡卡片規格整合矩陣架構圖，以找出更為適當的IC卡規格方案，該矩陣架構圖，以「共同憑證一卡整合」及「多憑證一卡整合」二構面為縱軸，及「IC卡規格中不存放各類別資料」和「IC卡規格中存放各類別資料」二構面為橫軸，提出四種IC卡片規格整合架構，並列出其優缺點，經研析後，本研究建議初期以具有共同憑證及各類別憑證但不存放各類別資料之架構，作為一卡通用整合規格初期架構，稱為「IC卡共同多憑證不存放各類別資料一卡整合」，最後本研究提出長期一卡通用願景，以「IC卡共同憑證不存放各類別資料一卡整合」為目標。 本研究之結論為：1.我國各類別IC卡規格各行其道，未有整合前瞻性。2.各產業IC卡系統運作架構未整合，導致我們卡滿為患。3.IC卡應用發展於法律面應積極訂定「交通運輸業電子票證法」。4.「非銀行不得發行現金儲值卡」已超越母法規定應修法。5.IC票卡發行機構透過銀行發卡可享有發卡權利金等商機。6.建立IC票卡資訊中心作為全台IC票卡整合運作中心。7.IC票卡業者透過整合可增加發卡量，共創雙贏。8.IC卡於技術面應發展整合技術，以達成一卡通用目標。9.IC卡一卡通用宜建立IC卡資訊交換中心及憑證整合認證中心。10.IC卡一卡通用宜建立整體解決架構之實施步驟。11.IC卡一卡通用卡片規格整合可建立矩陣架構圖，以利分析。12.IC卡一卡通用共同憑證之運作於技術上為可行方案。 最後建議未來可持續探討之課題：1.IC卡一卡通用宜建立認證API(Application Programming Interface)程式介面及標準作業程序。2.IC卡一卡通用宜建立憑證整合認證中心及資訊中心之經營模式。3.IC卡一卡通用宜評估對IC卡產業及憑證認證產業之衝擊。 / A study of trends in the applications and developments of IC cards The IC card is being used widely and it will deeply affect our future living mode. Therefore, trends in its applications and developments have become important subjects of study. This research explores the possible outcome and related important subjects for the utilization of IC card, based on the following three propositions. 1. The IC card is one of the modern world’s primary information media. 2. Government units such as the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, the Ministry of Finance ROC, the Department of Health and the Executive Yuan ROC all have jurisdiction over the development and control of development and potential applications of the IC card. 3. Private enterprises have introduced or developed electronic cash-stored cards. The information related to the research subject was collected from the relevant literatures in regard to the applications and developments of IC card in Taiwan, presenting the current safety and integration mechanism of IC ticket cards and the economical magnitude of IC card use, which are both topics that should be taken into consideration in the study of the applications and developments of IC cards. Based on the current situation of the applications and developments for IC cards, the main purpose of this research is to show the evolution of IC cards promoted by the our government, including National Card, Citizen Digital Certificate IC Card, National Health Insurance IC Card, as well as current applications and developments of the Transportation IC Card, in order to help understand the current situation for the applications and developments for existing IC cards in Taiwan. In the Transportation sector, this research shows the applications and developments of various IC smart cards in north, central and south Taiwan, i.e. Easy Card, Taichung e-Cartoon Ticket Card and Taiwan Money Card. It also shows the development of the specification for IC Ticket Cards as well as the development of Transportation IC Cards’ systematic infrastructure, in order to help understand the present situation for the applications and developments of a Transportation IC Card. This research is an analysis of IC card’s applications and developments, covering technical issues (specification and systematic framework of IC card), legislation issues (laws and regulations for IC Card), management issues (operation and administration, release and business model for IC cards), so as to discover and analyze the possible problems as well as propose solutions. Focusing on strategies for finding solutions, presenting more critical strategies for IC Cards, consisting of: 1. Technical: (1) To establish a common certificate (2) To establish safety authentication (3) To establish integration infrastructure 2. Legislation: (1) To revise the Banking Law as well as the laws and regulations relating to public transportation, which are not suitable for the existing operations (2) To revise and augment the laws and regulations for electronic tickets 3. Management: (1) To establish an economic circulation of scale (2) To establish the management pattern for card-issuing organization (3) To establish public credibility for a certificate authentication organization (4) To establish information interchange center To consolidate the above-mentioned three areas, this research proposes a core strategic solution – the concept of “one card for common use (All-in-One Card)” along with integrated solution scheme and operation steps. In addition, for an overall solution strategic plan, in this research it also presents a matrix composition for the integration of specifications to discover a more applicable specification scheme for the IC card. The matrix composition is proposed in four types of framework of specification integration with a file of advantages/disadvantages, based on the concept of X, Y coordinate system – X axis being “One Card integrated with Common Certificate” and “One Card integrated with Multi-Certificates”, Y axis being “No data deposited in the IC card specification” and “All sorts of data deposited in the IC the card specification”. Through detailed research and analysis, it is suggested that at the primary stage, to create the “One card for common use” with an integration of “Common Certificate and Multi-Certificates but no data depositing in the IC card specification”, which is called “One card with common and multi-certificates but no any data deposited in the specification.” The long-term goal will be to achieve “One card with common certificate only and no data deposited in the card specification” for long-term use. Conclusions: 1. In this country, various IC cards have their own specifications and there is still no prospect for integration. 2. The IC card system being used by different industries is still not being integrated, so the market is full of different IC cards. 3. The enactment of the “law on electronic tickets” should be pursued more vigorously for the IC card applications and developments. 4. The stipulation of “A non-bank may not issue a stored value card” might have overtaken the stipulation of “Banking Act”. It should be amended. 5. So long as the IC Ticket Card agency issues IC cards through a bank, the agency will possess the business opportunity of charging the bank a card-issuing fee. 6. To establish an IC Ticket Card information center to integrate the operation of the many IC ticket cards using in Taiwan area. 7. It will be a win-win situation, if IC ticket card operations can be integrated, and this will increase card-issuing quantity as well. 8. On the technical front, integration technology for IC cards should be developed in order to achieve the goal of an “All-in-One Card”. 9. An “IC Card Information Interchange Center” and an “Authentication Center of Certificate Integration” for the “All-in-One Card” should be established. 10. A standardized operational procedure should be established for an overall solution to the “All-in-One IC Card”. 11. The integration of the specifications of the “All-in-One IC Card” can be done through a matrix composition to assist analysis. 12. Technically, an “All-in-One IC Card” with “Common Certificate” is a feasible plan. In the end, this research also offers suggestion on valuable topics that can be the subject of continued discussion in the future: 1. “All-in-One IC Cards” should have an authentication with API (Application Programming Interface) program as well as a standard operational procedure. 2. A business model for “IC Card Information Center” and “Authentication Center of Certificate Integration” should be established. 3. An evaluation of the impact on the IC card industry and the certificate authentication industry should be made.