第一章「緒論」，計分三節。工作考成是現代管理重要的一環，其成效直接影響事業 機構的發展，因之以經濟部所屬十四個事業機構為範圍從事研究，除分析次級資料外 ，並調查有關意見，予以統計分析。 第二章「工作考成理論基礎」，計分三節。現代「控制理論」、「評估理論」，部份 可做為工作考成的借鏡，至於現行工作考成的作業乃是以民生主義經濟政策為依據， 發展出來的理論與方法。 第三章「意見調查分析」，計分三節。經向各事業機構自評人員、經濟部初評人員， 行政院有關機關復評人員徵詢意見，發現對現行工作考成之效用的評價大致甚高；需 多實地考評及面對面的溝通；現行考成項目及配分權數大致合理；除年度考成外有必 要就個別事業經營狀況，專案做長期性考評；考成法規部份需配合時宜修正。 第四章「現行國營事業工作考成之檢討」，計分四節。考成法規方面，考成辦法與實 施細則間部份不能配合，考成辦法以日歷年度規定時程，與會計年度不合，獎懲規定 之激勵效果有嫌不足；考成人員的組成及聯繫尚等加強；考成的方法與程序尚稱理想 ；考成的項目及標準須能顯示各事業的特性。 第五章「國營畫業工作考成標準與程序之建立」，計分四節。原則上應注意「整體原 則」、「重點原則」、「彈性原則」；程序上，分「自評」、「初評」、「複評」三 個步驟；項目方面，仍採六大類；標準方面，重視「可控制」和「不可控制」因素的 區分。 第六章「結論與建議」。包括（一）考成組織應加強（二）考成辦法應修訂，各有關 法規應相互配合。（三）考成項目及標準應能顯示事業的差異性（四）專案長期性的 考核應速進行（五）加強考成的激勵效果等。

本論文一冊，約十二萬字，共計六章二十節，各章內容提要簡述如次： 第一章 為緒論，說明研究動機、研究目的、與研究設計。 第二章 為國營事業機構人力規劃的意義與目旳；就國營事業之定義，其人力規劃之 意義及目的，分別說明之。 第三章 為國營事業機構人力規劃理論之探討，本章說明人力規劃的基本過程，探究 與人力發展有關之組織理論人力規劃的實施步驟、人力規劃單位的組織、及國營事業 單位人力管理情報系統旳建立。 第四章 為國營事業機構人力規劃的實施計畫，遻明人力需計畫（包括人力分析及人 力預測）、人力羅致計畫、人力培訓計畫及人力運用計畫，分別就理論及現階設實施 情況探討之。 第五章 為交通部所屬事業機構人力發展現況檢討分析：本章係就部屬事業、電信總 局、郵政總局及招商局等三個單位所發送收回之問卷資料，作統計分析，其內容包括 資料處理經過之說明、人力發展計畫之了解分析、羅致、訓練、離退管理及薪資與激 勵等之分析。 第六章 為結論，係就前述理論與問卷分析所得出改進意見。

我國國營事業早期係政府戰後接收多家日本在台之企業，及大陸淪陷後遷台之國營事業為主，而後1970年代基於促進產業之發展，亦相繼成立多家國營企業，然近年來面臨市場開放、盈餘繳庫，以及民營化政策推動之壓力，使得國營事業轉而追求土地資產個別利益之獲取，作為創造盈餘來源，或是吸引投資對象之重要誘因。 然而追求土地資產個別利益，往往未能切實探討國營事業之本質與利用策略，本研究即係以台電與台糖公司為例，就其土地資產利用與國營事業本業之關聯性、土地資產利用策略之差異性，探討目前國營事業土地資源歸屬、土地利用模式與營運競爭力、以及土地資源公平與效率，並進而整合國營事業土地永續利用之策略。 就國營事業資源歸屬與本業之關聯性分析，其土地資源應以全民所有為依歸，而土地資產利用應基於本業之發展。從企業不動產與策略矩陣差異分析，則因生命週期所處之階段而有所不同，成長／成熟期追求與競爭對手差異化之策略，強化土地利用之優勢；衰退期則因本業資金挹注困難，而以降低不動產之運作成本為主。相對於政府以衰退期作為移轉民營之時機，將使接手者缺乏經營本業之誘因下，僅著眼於土地之利益，將更易引發土地資源歸屬之衝突。 而就土地資源公平與效率而言，國營事業應由整體觀點著手，而非侷限於單一事業土地資產利用之框架，如以使用權代替所有權之財產權型態，達成資源歸屬之公平；另以全民資源為基礎，經由市場經濟之效率，彌補市場經濟不足。因此，國營事業土地資源之整合機制，不僅考量整體土地資源之循環使用，更須妥善運用國有民營之觀念，將土地經營之利益，解決民營化所生之缺憾，以建構國營事業土地資源永續利用之整體策略。 關鍵字：國營事業、土地資產利用、資源歸屬、生命週期、策略矩陣 / Most of the older state-owned corporations (SOCs) in Taiwan found their predecessors in the companies established by the colonial Japanese government and later took over by the Chinese central government at the end of the World War II as well as in the enterprises sponsored by the central government after its withdrawal from Mainland China to Taiwan. By 1970s, several new SOCs were farther set up with the mission to promote the island's industrial development. Privileged by long-term government protection, these SOCs are now confronted with severe challenges from the increasing deregulation in the market and the pressing demand for privatization. They have accordingly resorted to their land assets as an essential source for generating earnings and a major incentive for attracting investments. However, in their pursuit of the profits promised by their land assets, SOCs in Taiwan in general have failed to take into sufficient consideration of their nature as state-owned corporations and effective utilization strategies. The research, based on the examples of Taipower Company and Taiwan Sugar Company, starts by examining the relation between a SOC's core business and its utilization strategies for land assets and the differences between the Taipower and Taiwan Sugar utilization strategies. The research then moves on to analyze the attribution of the SOC's land resources, the utilization models and operational competitiveness, and the fairness and efficiency in the utilization of land resources. Results of the previous studies are then integrated for the research to develop integrated strategies for the sustainable utilization of SOC's land assets. In its analysis on the relation of SOC's core business and the attribution of its assets, the research regards the land resources as owned by the general public and suggests that the land resources should be utilized in a manner that contributes to the development of the SOC's core business. Analysis based on corporate real estate and strategic matrix farther indicate that utilization of land assets varies in accordance with the life cycles of the SOC's core business. In times of business growth and maturity, utilization of land assets should be optimized to perpetuate differentiation in one's core business from one's competitors. On the other hand, in times of decline, the top priority should be the effective reduction in the operation costs of land assets as capital support from the core business grows unreliable. The government's active promotion of the privatization of SOCs in times of decline tends to cripple the privatized SOC's interest in its core business and to prompt it to focus on exploiting the profits of its land assets, thereby triggering conflicts in the attribution of state-owned land resources. How to achieve fairness and efficiency in the utilization of SOCs' land resources is an issue to be examined with a comprehensive perspective; it should not be forced to fit into the utilization model of a single SOC. Replacing ownership with usership, for example, can be an effective way to ensure the fairness in the attribution of land resources. Developing the land assets of SOCs as public resources can help boost up the efficiency of market economics to compensate its inadequacies. Therefore, an integration mechanism in the utilization of the land assets of SOCs is needed to facilitate the continual use of land resources. Careful and skill application of the "state ownership for private operation" concept is also of crucial importance in using the profits generated by the management of land resources to fix the flaws of privatization and to develop the integrated strategies for the sustainable use of land resources of state-owned corporations in Taiwan. Key words: state-owned corporation, utilization strategies for land assets, attribution of the resource, life cycle, strategic matrix.

隨著世界各國開放市場，事業間的競爭已步入國際化，是以競爭法制與政策也必須國際化，然而各國間競爭法規範的調和並未隨著經貿自由化而自然達成。本文點出競爭法與國際接軌的重要性，進一步檢視各國就競爭法案件在單邊、雙邊、複邊等層次將面臨哪些執法上的問題。又因國際反競爭案件越趨頻仍，競爭法主管機關間的合作需求隨之提高，究竟在執法合作上可能面臨哪些困難與限制，未來在合作上發展的趨勢如何，本文將循序漸進加以探討。目前國際間迄未形成一套強勢的競爭法制，世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）亦放棄在杜哈談判回合處理競爭議題，然經貿自由化對國際競爭法制仍持續注入新元素。譬如各國簽訂之自由貿易協定與區域經濟整合，多設有競爭相關章節，並開始關注國營事業涉及的反競爭問題（即競爭中立的問題），此等新發展亦屬本文探討之範圍。 / Along with the trend of trade liberaliztion, the competition among enterprises has gone global. However, the competition rules seem to have no chance to reach international coordination in the near future. This article emphasizes that it’s important for a nation to coordinate its own competition law with other countries. Thus, the issues of competiton law enforcement at unilateral level, bilateral level, plurilateral level, regional level, and mutilateral level are also well discussed in this article. Due to the increasing number of anti-competition cases, the need for enforcement cooperation has risen. As a result, this article spends many efforts on recognizing the restraints and obstacles when cooperating with other competition authorities, trying to find the solutions to the problems of cooperation. Despite the fact that WTO failed to deal with international competition issues, there are many ambitious FTAs and reginal trade agreements trying to make common competition rules, which induce new elements into the field of international competition laws and policies. For exaples, TPP and many FTAs are in the negotiation of competitive neutrality requirement in the draft agreements. Such new development will not be excluded when speaking of international competition laws and policies.