中華民國行政院金融監督管理委員會於民國98年宣布，其所管轄之興櫃以上公司及金融業，將於西元2013年全面採用國際財務報導準則(IFRSs)；其餘公開發行公司也將於西元2015年跟進，而上述適用IFRSs之公開發行以上中小企業礙於人力及經費等限制，如何有效率與IFRSs接軌將為一大挑戰，本研究係藉由各項資訊蒐集、彙整、分析及整理後，並實際運用於國內一家上市企業的內部導入專案及工作方法中，其結果發現中小企業由於人力及經費等限制，以委由外部專家，尤其是公司本身之財務簽證會計師作為IFRSs諮詢顧問，將是較有效率及效果的導入方式。另外，企業需及早規劃及進行IFRSs之導入工作，透過即早辨識對企業影響巨大的議題，並將資源用在最需要的地方，將是IFRSs導入計劃要成功必須具備的條件。 / In 2009, The Financial Supervisory Commission of Executive Yuan of R.O.C. (“FSC”) announced that the companies with shares listed on the TSE or traded on the Taiwan GreTai Securities Market or Emerging Stock Market and financing industry under FSC’s jurisdiction should prepare their financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) from 2013. Other public companies should follow up from 2015. The medium - sized applicable companies are limited by their manpower and cost consideration, so it will be a major challenge to implement IFRSs efficiency. This study focused on making an implementation methodology of adoption of the IFRSs through researching, analysing and summarizing related information, then used the implementation methodology on a real case – a medium-sized listed company. The results showed that it will be more efficiency and effectiveness for a medium-sized company to engage outside experts to assist the company, and the auditors of the company’s financial statements will be more appropriate than other experts for the IFRSs implementation task; addition, the company needs to do early planning and progress in IFRSs implementation task and puts the major resources on the key issues through the identification of huge impact on the business in the early stage. Aforementioned results will be the necessary matters for a company to be successful in adopting IFRSs.

我國採用國際財務報導準則對台灣會計環境的影響 / Potential impacts of adopting International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) on Taiwanese Accounting Environment By Shiuh-Yuan Luoh IFRS is the latest trend in accounting world. Currently, in world top 10 capital markets, only Japan and USA are not adopting IFRS (International Financial reporting Standards) as their accounting standards. However, they have already paved the way to adopt IFRS in near future. Taiwan has been adopted US GAAP for a long time. In order to converge to international markets, Taiwan has set timeline for implementing IFRS that can attract more foreign investments. Therefore, FSC (Financial Supervisory Committee) has already set up 2013 as the first year for Taiwanese companies to comply with. Since US GAAP and IFRS have substantial difference, to adopt and implement IFRS must result in some impacts. This thesis try to understand what will be the possible impact for Taiwanese companies to adopt IFRS. By doing this, I design the questionnaire, distribute and analyze the results. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Due to the fact of incremental benefits, people in CPA firms are quite optimistic and welcome to adopt IFRS imminently. 2. Due to incremental work load and knowledge, surveyed results from listed companies show less confident in adopting IFRS. 3. The surveyed accounting students indicate neutral results. Students are generally concerned with CPA examination and qualification encounter. However, adoption of IFRS may create competitive edge for students in job market. 4. “Timing” is still the key issue for the sample taker. In addition, company’s policies, strategies and management style should be contingently adjusted based on individual needs of implementation. 5. During the transition period, any one who takes CPA examination or practitioners has to deal with 3 sets of accounting standards simultaneously, including Taiwan GAAP, US GAAP and IFRS. 6. Current related laws and regulations in Taiwan may require adapting characteristics of IFRS, for example, Commercial Accounting Law.

歐盟於2006 年開始要求境內上市公司依照國際財務報導準則編製財務報 表。對於財報編制方式的改變對於公司經營層面的影響，學者看法分歧。本研究選擇英國、法國、德國、瑞士四個國家的壽險、產險與銀行業者做為研究對象，探討採用國際財務報導準則編製財務報表之後，公司資金成本有無顯著的上升或下降情形。研究結果顯示，在控制其他變數之後，公司的資金成本與採用國際財務報導準則與否，無顯著的相關性。公司本身的特性與總體經濟環境因素對於公司資金成本的影響，比是否採用國際財務報導準則更為重要。 / Beginning in 2006, compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards(IFRS) has been required in the European Union. People have different opinion about the effects of adoption of IFRS. In this thesis, the author investigates the effect on cost of capital for financial industry after adopting IFRS. The implication of study result is: there is no evidence to proof that the cost of capital will be decreased or increased after adopting IFRS. Otherwise, the company specifics and macroeconomic environment are determinant factors in cost of capital.

我國於2013年即全面採用IFRS編製財務報表，而在IFRS新擬議下，將出售與購固定資產現金流量改分類為營業活動現金流量項目。本研究旨在探討在IFRS新擬議下之現金流量表，其分類之是否具增額資訊內涵、變革後之財務報表是否更具攸關性？此變革後之會計、經濟上的解釋為何？ 　　本文共分五章，架構概述如下：第壹章說明本研究之時代背景、研究動機與研究目的；第貳章介紹現金流量表之演進，以至於現今IFRS下之變革以及文獻整理；第參章建立本研究之假說與模型；第肆章利用統計方法分析第參章之研究樣本，並分析證明實證結果是否符合第參章之研究假說。第伍章則提出結論，並對後續研究者提出建議。 　　本研究之實證結果顯示本期稅後淨利與其現金流量項目組成項目皆具資訊內涵，而在IFRS新擬議下之現金流量組成要素亦具增額資訊內涵，代表IFRS草案中變革極具攸關性之資訊納入。 / In 2013, all of the companies in Taiwan will be forced to adopt IFRS when preparing financial statements. In IFRS draft, cash flows from selling and purchasing of property, plant, and equipment should be reclassified as cash flows from operating activities. The primary purpose of this thesis is to discuss whether the cash flows from operating activities in IFRS draft contain incremental information content and is more relevant to investors. Furthermore, this thesis tries to explain the meaning of the cash flows in IFRS draft. 　　This thesis is composed of five parts: The first chapter is a preface which illustrates the motive, the approaches, and the structure of the thesis. Beginning with the evolution of statement of cash flows, chapter two discusses some literatures relating to the thesis. Chapter three sketches three hypotheses and establishes models. Following chapter three, chapter four then analyses the sample using statistics methods. Finally, chapter five makes conclusions and some suggestions to future studies. 　　This thesis supports the hypotheses that the net income and cash flows from operating activities possess incremental information contents, as well as the cash flows from operating activities in IFRS draft, which means that IFRS draft reforms the accounting information that is more relevant to investors.

有鑑於全球經濟整合時代之來臨，資本市場全球化已是一股不可逆轉的趨勢，而資訊的及時、公正及充分公開係證券市場健全之基石。政府為協助及促進企業國際化，以利吸引外資投資國內企業，同時降低國內企業赴海外籌資之成本，進而提升企業全球競爭力，故致力於建構與國際接軌的資訊公開制度，並宣告自2013年起我國分階段採用國際會計準則(簡稱IFRS)，金融業已自2013年開始採用IFRS編製財務報表。 因IFRS的主要精神架構係原則性基礎、公允價值、資產負債表法及組成要素等觀念，與國內現行適用之會計準則與實務有所差異。是以，二個準則轉換，企業原所認列資產、負債與權益若與IFRS規定認列不同者，須追溯調整，亦引發課稅議題，因此本研究為探究銀行業首次採用IFRS，依規定於轉換日追溯調整未分配盈餘，基於租稅公平原則及中立原則下之未分配盈餘課稅問題，並分別從國庫稅收及對企業稅負影響提出研究發現及建議。 本研究以銀行業於民國101年6月30日財務報告所預先揭露之民國101年初IFRS開帳日主要影響項目及數字分析，本研究結果發現： 一、銀行業首次採用IFRS於開帳日追溯調整，對未分配盈餘及淨值之影響多為調整減少，屬負面衝擊。 二、銀行業首次採用IFRS於開帳日追溯調整未分配盈餘，該等調整雖非屬依規定處理之當期損益，惟就以可分配盈餘觀點，及基於未分配盈餘課稅之立法意旨、租稅公平與租稅中立原則考量，該等調整於依法扣除主管機關及法令規定不得分配後之淨調整數，應併同計入作為未分配盈餘加計或扣除項目計算未分配盈餘課稅。 三、前述依法規定限制分配部分，於限制原因消滅轉回保留盈餘而企業不作分配時，應明確規範須併同計入未分配盈餘課稅，方屬合理。若無明確修法規範已提特別公積部分於實現轉回保留盈餘，應併計入未分配盈餘課稅之計算時，現行所得稅法第66-9條規定未將其納入加項範圍，可能導致企業開了可以永遠保留該部盈餘不分配亦不被課稅的大門。此結果將與未採用IFRS企業有不一致課稅標準，除不符合租稅公平原則，且有違租稅中性原則，也造成國家稅收的不合理損失。 關鍵詞：銀行業國際財務報導準則、首次採用國際會計準則、未分配盈餘課稅

在世界各國普遍採用國際財務報導準則之潮流下，我國也順應趨勢推動導入該準則，上市、上櫃及興櫃公司暨金融監督管理委員會主管之金融業自2013年開始全面適用，非上市、上櫃及興櫃之公開發行公司、信用合作社及信用卡公司亦須自2015年全面採用。 國際財務報導準則與我國財務會計準則之會計處理及相關規範存在許多差異，企業在轉換時調整之會計原則差異依國際財務報導準則規定係認列為保留盈餘加減項目，而我國兩稅合一制度下之未分配盈餘課稅及股東可扣抵稅額比率係以財務會計處理之本期淨利及帳載累積未分配盈餘為計算基礎，故轉換時調整保留盈餘加減項是否列入未分配盈餘課稅及其對股東可扣抵稅額比率之影響，即為一重要課題。 本研究以簡單模型說明轉換為國際財務報導準則調整保留盈餘之各種狀況，探討其對未分配盈餘課稅及股東可扣抵稅額比率之影響，同時輔以上市公司之實際數字分析我國企業面臨之重大問題，最後針對所得稅法修正草案評析，並提供建議。

本研究係探討強制採用國際財務報導準則(IFRS)對在美國掛牌上市之外國企業，其應計項目異常現象之影響。實證結果顯示，在美掛牌上市且採用IFRS之外國企業，在2005年後裁決性應計項目之異常報酬顯著降低。此外，裁決性應計項目之負向報酬預測力亦顯著降低。由此可知，無論美國未來是否採用IFRS，根據本結論，其餘各國強制採用IFRS後，透過提供更高品質之財務報導及降低資訊落差，仍能為美國投資者帶來效益。 / I examine whether the mispricing of accruals among foreign firms cross-listed in the U.S. are affected by the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Consistent with the impact of information environment on the accrual anomaly documented in the literature, I find significant reductions in the annual abnormal returns and in the negative return predictability of discretionary accruals among cross-listers from IFRS adopted countries after IFRS adoption. The evidence implies that irrespective of whether the U.S. adopts IFRS, the mandatory IFRS adoption elsewhere can still benefit U.S. investors by providing financial reporting with high quality and reducing their information disadvantages.

本研究之目的為透過我國上市櫃之建設公司之財務報表一窺我國房地產近十年之實際狀況，以及會計政策對建設公司的財務報表與營運計畫之影響。研究方法係採用Khan and Watts在2009所提出之C_Score，作為衡量財務報表可靠程度的值。本研究以2004年至2013年合計十年為研究期間，實證結果如下： 1、上市建設公司的C_Score與上櫃建設公司之C_Score為負數，代表大多數的建設公司於2004年至2011年間的財務報表似乎不具有審慎性，本研究推測，可能是自2003年SARS風暴之後，房地產市場開始歷經十年的大多頭行情，投資人對於建設公司普遍給予較高的本益比與評價，再加上建設公司每年所發放的股利穩定，使得財務報表較不審慎。而上市建設公司的C_Score大於上櫃建設公司之C_Score，顯示上市建設公司的財務報表較上櫃公司來得可靠。 2、具有集團背景之建設公司C_Score大於不具有集團背景的建設公司C_Score，表示集團背景之建設公司財務報表審慎性較高。 3、以適用ROC GAAP與適用IFRS之財務報表做比較，適用ROC GAAP之C_Score明顯小於適用IFRS的C_Score，可見採用IFRS後，負報酬率對盈餘的增額解釋能力確實顯著提高，對於主張採用IFRS將使得財務報表審慎程度降低之說法，至少在建設業中，是不成立的。

本研究旨在探討導入國際財務報導準則對內部控制的影響，主要以台灣2013年全面採用國際財務報導準則之企業為研究對象，瞭解在導入前後，內部控制目標與組成要素是否因問卷別、資本市場別與產業別而有所差異。本研究深入分析前項差異，藉以瞭解我國導入國際財務報導準則對內部控制的影響。本研究發現： 1. 導入IFRSs對業務流程及內部控制之影響程度，在內控目標與要素均有顯著差異，「導入後」之影響程度均顯著高於「導入前」。 2. 「IFRSs專案小組負責人」與「內部稽核單位」之看法，在內控目標與要素間並沒有顯著差異。 3. 內控三大目標與五大組成要素之影響程度，在不同資本市場別與產業別之顯著差異程度不盡相同。整體而言不論在導入前後，上市與上櫃公司在不同產業間存在較顯著之差異，金融業之影響程度顯著高於電子業與其他。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards on internal controls. The main subjects of this research are the companies which will adopt IFRSs in 2013 in Taiwan. This research wants to know whether the effects of IFRSs on objectives and elements of internal control show significant differences under different subjects, capital markets and industries. This research analyzes the above effects to understand the effect of adopting IFRSs on internal controls. The main results of this study are as follows. 1. The effects of IFRSs on business processes, on the aspect of objectives, and elements of internal control show significant differences with the adoption of IFRSs. The impacts of three objectives and five elements of internal control after adoption are significantly higher than before adoption. 2. The results of the investigation on chief executives of adopting IFRSs and internal auditors do not show significant differences neither on the aspect of objectives nor on elements of internal control. 3. The impacts of IFRSs on three objectives and five elements of internal control are different under different capital markets and different industries with the adoption of IFRSs. Overall, listed and over-the-counter companies show significant differences under different industries before and after adopting IFRSs. The effect of adopting IFRSs on internal controls under financial industry is significantly higher than under electronic industry and other industry.

本研究探討國際財務報導準則採用後對英國上市公司財務報告揭露品質之影響，選取高科技產業公司於國際財務報導準則轉換年度、轉換年度前後兩年之年報，並根據IAS 38, Edvinsson and Malone (1997), Lev (2001), and Sveiby (1997)編纂智慧資本字典，與先前研究之差異處在於本研究採用文字探勘技術之分類演算法以探討智慧資本揭露品質是否和國際財務報導準則之採用有關，結果顯示智慧資本揭露品質和國際財務報導準則之採用有關，接著本研究運用迴歸分析，進一步了解那些智慧資本項目之揭露於採用前後有顯著差異，結果顯示在國際財務報導準則採用後，高科技公司增加智慧資本項目之揭露，符合本研究之預期，有顯著差異之智慧資本項目如:電腦軟體、顧客名單、顧客忠誠度、顧客關係和專利，研究結果也指出在國際財務報導準則採用後，高科技公司增加智慧資本項目之揭露之現象較常發生在上市時間較早之公司、總資產較大之公司。 / This study investigates the impact of the quality of disclosures of financial reports of the listed companies in the U.K. with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption. I select the annual reports of companies in the high-tech industry sectors in the IFRS transition year and two years before and after the transition year. The dictionary for intellectual capital according to four sources, IAS 38, Edvinsson and Malone (1997), Lev (2001), and Sveiby (1997) is compiled. In contrast to prior studies, I use classification algorithm of text mining techniques to explore whether the quality of intellectual capital disclosures is related with the adoption of IFRS. Results show that the disclosures of intellectual capital items are related with the adoption of IFRS. To further realize which intellectual capital item disclosures are significantly different between pre-adoption and post-adoption, the regression analysis is applied. Evidence is promising, in the post-IFRS period, high-tech firms may increase the intellectual capital item disclosures, such as computer software, customer list, customer loyalty, customer relationships and patents. Evidence also indicates that, the evidence that high-tech firms may increase the intellectual capital item disclosures in the post-IFRS period is more pronounced in older and larger companies.