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銀行治理與盈餘管理陳呈祿 Unknown Date (has links)
企業往往會利用財務活動之變更,或是權衡性會計項目之操縱,來達到美化帳面盈餘之目的。而「銀行業」更因其產業特殊性,一直以來這種盈餘管理之幅度均高於其他產業;但是除了產業別之差異會影響盈餘管理程度之外,時間演進所造成的產業環境改變,以及個別企業體「公司治理」優劣程度,亦有可能造成經營階層進行盈餘操縱之動機的強弱差異。
本研究建立銀行業四大財務決策:放款、票券買賣、壞帳費用提列以及股利發放之聯立方程式,並使用台灣地區36家上市櫃商業銀行的財務報表資料,實證分析上述財務行為間的互動關係。本文首先利用時間面之切割,分析1991-1996、1997-2001年間銀行業盈餘管理程度之差異;其後更利用La Porta et. al.,(1999)所提出的股權偏離概念作為衡量銀行管理當局的道德風險指標,依此檢測「盈餘管理」程度是否因為道德風險的提升而隨之增加。實證結果顯示在1991-1996年間,非操弄性(原始)盈餘越高的銀行,反而會再增加票券買賣利益與降低壞帳費用提列,進一步提高營業利益;然而,原始盈餘為負的銀行,損益平滑化的現象顯著。在加入道德風險指標後,可以發現利用票券買賣進行盈餘管理,是銀行界普遍的狀況,而盈餘管理的程度會隨著道德風險的增加而提升,但是原始盈餘為負的銀行則較不傾向利用票券的買賣進行盈餘管理。在壞帳費用提列方面,可以發現銀行普遍利用壞帳費用的提列來進行損益平滑化的動作,但是道德風險之差異卻對原始盈餘為負的銀行之影響較為明顯。
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我國銀行業盈餘管理行為的稅負成本林秀慧, Lin ,Hsiu-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討我國銀行業執行盈餘管理的動機、工具及經濟後果。其中本研究以增額稅負的角度去探討銀行從事盈餘管理的經濟後果,本文就經濟後果的部分主要是以稅負的角度出發,是否銀行會因為盈餘管理而產生稅負成本為主要探討方向。
就資本市場動機部分,本文發現上市櫃銀行確實較公開發行銀行偏好小額正盈餘變動,也就是上市櫃公司由於資本市場的壓力而有盈餘管理的行為存在。接著本文設計兩個銀行業盈餘管理工具之估計式:將壞帳提列及出售票券損益之非權衡性因素,各自建立一迴歸模型,做為本研究捕捉銀行業盈餘管理的工具與金額,本文結果未能發現我國上市櫃銀行在從事盈餘管理行為時,有所謂增額稅負效果的證據。 / This study investigates the motivation, tools and economic consequences of earnings management of bankings. In particular, the main issue of this study is to investigate whether incremental tax is the economic consequences of bankings conducting earnings management.
My results show that the listed bankings that issue the stocks in securities exchange markets have stronger earnings management. In other words, listed bankings will conduct earnings management to alleviate the pressure from the capital markets. Furthermore, this study also find two estimated equations of the tools of earnings management of the bankings: (1) discretionary loans provision and (2)discretionary gain and loss on sale of securities. I find no evidence to claim there are tax costs for the bankings engaging in earnings management.
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採行已發生損失模型與公允價值會計對盈餘、資本適足率與信用損失之影響 / The Impacts of Adopting Incurred Loss Model and Fair Value Accounting on Earnings, Capital and Credit Loss張式傑, Chang, Shi Jie Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討台灣於2011年依據IAS 39進行34號公報之第三次修訂實施,採用已發生損失模型後的兩項議題:(1)放款壞帳費用之提列與盈餘波動性以及資本適足率波動性之關聯性,(2)以歷史成本評價之期末金額及以公允價值評價之期末金額,究竟何者對於未來之帳款沖銷與不良債權較具有關聯性。
實證結果顯示,自2011年採用已發生損失模型後盈餘波動性無顯著之變化,且壞帳費用對於盈餘波動性無解釋能力;而自2011年後資本適足率波動性亦無顯著變化,但壞帳費用對於資本適足率波動性有顯著的影響,顯示銀行明顯透過壞帳費用之提列進行資本管理而非盈餘管理。在未來信用損失預測之部分,以歷史成本評價之期末放款金額對於未來之帳款沖銷及不良債權有顯著的負相關,而以公允價值評價之期末放款金額對於未來之帳款沖銷及不良債權卻無解釋能力,可能係因未來帳款沖銷與未來不良債權之發生與放款之帳齡有顯著的關聯性,而與未來可收取之現金流量無顯著之相關。 / This study aims to investigate how Incurred Loss Model affects the recognition of loan loss provisions and the valuation of loans due to the third revision of SFAS No. 34 which was revised based on IAS 39 in 2011. For the recognition of loan loss provisions, it focuses on the relationship with earnings volatilities and capital adequacy volatilities, and for the valuation of loans, it specializes on whether credit loss predicting is related to historical cost accounting or fair value accounting.
The result shows that, since the implementation of Incurred Loss Model in 2011, both the adoption of Incurred Loss Model and the loan loss provisions have no significant impact on earnings volatilities. For capital adequacy volatilities, implementing Incurred Loss Model has no effect on capital adequacy volatilities neither. However, the loan loss provisions since 2011 significantly enhance the volatilities of capital adequacy. It reveals that banks use loan loss provisions to manage capitals instead of earnings. For credit loss predicting, loans evaluated with historical cost accounting have significant negative relations with future charge-offs and non-performing loans while loans evaluated under fair value accounting do not have any explanation power. It may suggests that future charge-offs and non-performing loans are related to the aging of loans, but not the future payoffs of loans.
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