論文謫要 本研究是以合作網路觀點出發，探討不同的知識流通來源與知識屬性，並透過個案公司的研究與觀察，尋找出不同的網路類型。在不同的網路類型下觀察影響其網路關係的主要因素為何。並研究其知識移轉的介面及知識蓄積的方式。最後，分析知識移轉是否會導致知識創新。 本論文的研究方法是採個案研究法，共訪問了九家個案公司，經由事文獻資料的收集整理，以及個案公司訪問內容的分析，本研究得到以下的研究發現。 一、知識流通來源與知識屬性不同會影響網路關係 當知識流通來源為產業且移轉的知識屬性是內隱時，公司會以高層的主管、較廣的部門共同參與合作計劃的進行，並且彼此交流的資源種類較多。反之，當知識流通來為學術單位、研究機關且知識是屬於比較外顯性時，合作雙方參與的層級較低、較少部門參與合作計劃的進行，且雙方交流的資源較少。 二、知識流通來源與知識屬性不同會影響知識移轉 許多企業之間的合作，移轉的知識一般都比較內隱，尤其是與上游的設備供應商、技術提供者合作時，由於許多的技術較內隱，故無法單純地以書面文件資料移轉所有的內容，因此，常常需要有人員之間的交流、會議的舉行，以進行對談。當合作的對象為學術單位或研究機關時，由於合作的計劃內容比較偏向於基礎研究，且為技術成熟度較高，所以一般都以書面的文件資料或電子檔案做為移轉的介面。 三、知識移轉與研發投資會導致知識創新 公司除了從外界移轉所需要的技術與知識之外，公司內部還必須要長期不斷地投資在研發上，經由此反覆不斷地循環，才能真正地提升公司的能力，而導致知識的創新。 四、互補性資源是維持網路關係的主要因素 網路關係維持的因素包括了合作時雙方有高層主管參與、較多部門的共同參與、較多資源的交流，其中擁有合作夥伴缺乏的互補性資源是促使雙方形成與維持良好關係的主要因素。 五、網路類型不同會影響參與層級、參與廣度、交流資源豐富度 附載於生產網路的知識網路之參與層級為高、參與廣度為高、交流資源豐富度為多;附載於交易過程的知識網路之參與層級為高、參與廣度為高、交流資源豐富度為多，主要的影響因素為合作計劃的規模較大、且對個案公司的影響層面較大，且轉換成本很高；知識網路之參與層級為低、參與廣度為窄、交流資源豐富度為少，主要的影響因素為合作計劃的規模較小、且對個案公司的影響層面較少，且合作計劃的時間都較短。 目錄 第一章 緒論 9 第一節 研究動機 9 第二節 研究問題 11 第二章 文獻探討 15 第一節 知識管理相關文獻 15 壹、知識屬性 15 貳、知識移轉 17 參、知識流通 25 肆、知識創造 27 第二節 合作網路相關文獻 33 壹、網路定義 33 貳、網路類型 36 參、網路衡量方法 39 肆、網路關係的建立 44 伍、網路關係的維持 46 第三節 創新相關文獻 51 壹、創新定義及類型 51 貳、小結 53 第三章 研究方法 55 第一節 研究架構 55 第二節 研究變數定義 56 壹、知識流通來源 56 貳、知識屬性 56 參、網路關係 57 肆、知識移轉 57 伍、企業創新 59 第三節 研究方法 60 第四節 研究對象與資料蒐集 60 第五節 研究限制 61 第四章 個案介紹 63 第一節 旺旺公司 63 壹、公司簡介 63 貳、公司沿革 64 參、公司產品 66 肆、知識移轉 68 伍、網路關係 78 陸、知識屬性 84 柒、企業創新 85 第二節 上上公司 87 壹、公司簡介 87 貳、公司沿革 88 參、公司產品 89 肆、知識移轉 89 伍、網路關係 100 陸、知識屬性 104 柒、企業創新 106 第三節 福福公司 108 壹、公司簡介 108 貳、公司沿革 109 參、公司產品 110 肆、知識移轉 112 伍、網路關係 119 陸、知識屬性 123 柒、知識創造 124 第四節 陽陽公司 127 壹、公司簡介 127 貳、公司沿革 129 參、公司產品 130 肆、知識移轉 132 伍、網路關係 145 陸、知識屬性 148 柒、企業創新 149 第五節 統統公司 151 壹、公司簡介 151 貳、公司沿革 152 參、公司產品 154 肆、知識移轉 155 伍、網路關係 163 陸、知識屬性 166 柒、知識創造 168 第六節 宏宏公司 170 壹、公司介紹 170 貳、公司沿革 171 參、公司產品 173 肆、知識移轉 174 伍、網路關係 182 陸、知識屬性 186 柒、知識創新 187 第七節 達達公司 189 壹、公司簡介 189 貳、公司沿革 190 參、公司產品 192 肆、知識移轉 192 伍、網路關係 199 陸、知識屬性 203 柒、知識創造 204 第八節 積積公司 206 壹、公司介紹 206 貳、公司沿革 207 參、知識移轉 208 肆、網路關係 215 伍、知識屬性 220 陸、知識創造 220 第九節 邦邦公司 223 壹、公司介紹 223 貳、公司沿革 225 參、知識移轉 226 肆、網路關係 233 伍、知識屬性 238 陸、知識創造 239 第五章 個案分析與命題發展 243 第一節 知識流通來源與知識屬性分析 243 第二節 網路關係分析 245 壹、交流資源豐富度分析： 245 貳、參與層級分析 249 參、參與廣度分析 251 肆、網路關係維持分析 253 第三節 知識移轉分析 256 壹、知識移轉介面分析 256 貳、知識蓄積方式分析 259 第四節 網路類型分析 265 第五節 企業創新分析 270 第六章 結論與建議 271 第一節 結論 271 第二節 後續研究建議 274 文獻資料………………………………………………………………………… 277 附錄……………………………………………………………………………… 283 / Abstract The main purpose of this thesis wants to discuss that the difference of knowledge flow and knowledge property whether will have influences on the relationship of networking and networking type. Furtherore, hoping to analyze the knowledge innovation of the case study companies. The methodology of the thesis is by case study. There are nine case study companies in this thesis. The case study companies include computer companies 、IC manufacturing companies 、and IC design house in Taiwan. Through the gathering of local and foreign thesis 、periodicals、magazines、newspapers、books etc. And the analysis of the case study to get the important discoveries. There are five important discoveries in the thesis: 一、 The difference of knowledge flow and knowledge property will have influence on the relationship of networking When the knowledge flow is coming from the industry and the knowledge property is tacit , the cooperate company will send high level managers 、wide width of departments to involve the project of strategic alliance and the resources flowing between the companies are richer。 On the contract, when the knowledge flow is coming from the universities 、research institutes and the knowledge property is explicit ,the cooperate company will not send very high level manages 、and often just one department ,such as R&D department to involve the project of strategic alliance .Besides, there are very few resources flowing between the companies。 二、 The difference of knowledge flow and knowledge property will have influence on knowledge transfer When strategic alliance is industrial companies , the knowledge is more tacit .Especially the equipment and material suppliers、and the suppliers of technique. Because the knowledge is very tacit, it is not easy to transfer all the contents and knowledge by documents. So, it is very necessary to communicate by people face to face 、formal and informal meetings、and other communicating tools ,such as telephone 、e-mail、Veda conference etc.. 。 On the contrary , when the strategic alliance is universities 、research institutes ,the knowledge is more explicit . So it is easier to transfer knowledge by documents. There are two reasons why the knowledge is more explicit; one is because the knowledge from the universities and research institutes focusing on basic research. But these knowledge is not so high end comparing to foreign countries. The other reason is the case study companies are belonging to computer companies 、IC manufacturing companies、and IC design house , so the ability of R&D in their companies are very strong。 三、 Knowledge transfer from outside company and the investment of R&D will lead to the innovation of knowledge If companies want to have knowledge innovation ,it is a good way to get knowledge from outside companies 、universities、and research institutes .But because the environment is very dynamic , it is very important to invest on R&D for a long time. Through the two ways to improve the R&D abilities will make companies' having leading abilities in the industry forever。 四、 Complementary resources is the main factor to maintain good networking relationship There are many good ways to maintain good networking relationship , such as high level manages and more departments involving the project and provide more different resources to your strategic alliacne's companies. But the most important factor is your own unique and complementary ability. So, if you hope your accompany will have loyal to you ,you must have the ability they don't have ,even other companies don't have in the same industy. That will make them embed to you。 五、 The difference of networking type will have influences on the level of involving managers 、the width of involving departments、and the richness of resources flowing between strategic alliance When the networking type is knowledge network embedded to product network ,the level of involving managers are high、the width of involving departments are wide 、the resources flowing between strategic alliance are rich ;When the networking type is knowledge network embedded to the transaction process ,the level of involving managers are high、the width of involving departments are wide 、the resources flowing between strategic alliance are rich. That is because involving the transaction of buying machine、material ,and the total amount of money is very high ; When the networking type is pure knowledge network (with universities、research institutes) , the level of involving managers are low、the width of involving departments are narrow 、the resources flowing between strategic alliance are few。

近年來大型消費性電子公司均致力發展商品外型的設計美感，試圖以具有視覺美感的商品吸引消費者的目光，以獲得更高的利潤。但本研究認為廠商在追逐商品設計美感時，也應探討消費者差異對於其美感反應的影響；以及不同商品以美感外型包裝時，對消費者的效果差異。對此，本研究以Bloch, Brunel & Arnold（2003）提出的消費者商品美感中心性（CVPA）、商品與自我一致性等概念，探討消費者對美感的心理差異，如何影響其對於商品設計美感的反應。同時並探討商品外顯性的差異，對於消費者的美感反應是否具有調節效果。 透過消費者美感中心性、商品設計美感、以及商品外顯性的2*2*2三因子實驗設計，本研究以3C商品為實驗商品，並以線上實驗的方式進行。研究結果如下： 1. 消費者重視美感的程度與商品設計美感間的一致性，會影響其對於商品設計的愉悅反應。 2. 商品呈現順序會調節不同CVPA消費者對於商品設計的愉悅、品牌興趣、自我與品牌連結、認知價值等反應。 3. 重視美感程度差異的消費者，並不會因為商品外顯性的調節而影響其美感反應。 4. 商品外顯性與商品設計美感之間具有交互效果：對於高外顯商品而言，高美感設計可有效提高消費者的認知價值，但低外顯商品若以高美感設計呈現，亦可使消費者因超乎預期的感受而倍感愉悅。 5. 消費者對於美感在認知層面的自我與品牌連結反應，會顯著受到CVPA「敏銳」面向的影響；在情感層面的美感評估、態度、愉悅等反應，則會顯著受到「價值」面向的影響；在行為層面的品牌興趣、購買意圖，則會顯著受到「反應」層面的影響。 / The role of aesthetical quality of a product has been placed much importance these years in the manufacturing industry, especially in consumer electronic industry. While developing products with aesthetical quality, it is also important to understand how consumers responded to products with high and low levels of aesthetic quality. The present study explored the moderating role of consumers’ psychological differences on their aesthetic responses, and also examined how differently they responded to products that differed on aesthetic quality and conspicuousness. This study adopted the concept of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics developed by Bloch, Brunel & Arnold (2003) and drew upon the concept of self-product image consistency to explore how consumers’ aesthetic orientation influence their responses to products with high and low aesthetic design. Moreover, the influence of product differences has also been considered. The proposed hypotheses were tested by a three-factor on-line experiment. The results are as follows: 1. The consistency of consumers’ CVPA and products’ design aesthetics influenced consumers’ pleasant feelings. 2. The order of how the stimuli were presented moderated the consistency effect mentioned above, especially on responses such as: pleasure, brand interest, self-brand connection, and perceived value toward the product. 3. For consumers with different levels of CVPA, the products’ conspicuousness did not moderate their aesthetic responses toward the product with high and low aesthetic designs. 4. There was an interaction between “product conspicuousness” and “product design aesthetics” on consumers’ “perceived value” and “pleasant feelings” toward product designs. 5. Consumers’ aesthetic responses were influenced by different dimensions of CVPA: “Acumen” accounted for significant variance in “self-brand connection,” “Value” explained significant variance in their attitudinal responses toward the product, and “Response” significantly predicted the variance in their behavioral responses. The implications and suggestions for future studies and practitioners were also discussed.