Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.

This paper has mentioned the detailed process in which MP3 has been porting so as to being executed on the plate of ARM9 and working device of AACI¡BMMU¡BI-Cache¡BD-Cache¡BDMA¡BI-TCM¡BD-TCM on the developing board of Versatile VPB926EJS; the device has reduced clock Rate of ARM926EJ CPU. On the basis of lowest Clock Rate, the software of MP3 player could be executed smoothly with the little hardware resource.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Gelsomini Villas Boas Francois Chiarelli.pdf: 603904 bytes, checksum: 10cf04769ca019aeb839c018992c1755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of portable listening devices (PLD), among teenagers, has grown and caused an increase in time exposure to high sound pressure levels. Is important to know the hearing habits of a group of young people from a private school and a public school in the city of São Paulo and to verify the level of awareness about the potential hearing damage caused by improper and prolonged exposure to high levels of loudness in recreational activities in order to promote good hearing habits. Objective: to investigate the hearing habits of teenagers from 14 to 18 years of age regarding to the use of portable listening devices, situations experienced after the use of devices and hearing loss prevention measures. Method: This is a cross-sectional study in a population of adolescents between 14 and18 years of age. The questionnaire used was based on a research conducted by Zogby et al. (2006). Method: the questionnarie was given by the researcher and answered by the students at home. The descriptive results analysis and association analysis were carried out through the chi- square and the Fisher s exact tests . Results: the sample was constituted by 86 students from 14 to 18 years old. The results show that more than 73,9% of the students , males and females, and of the two schools use music portable devices with earphones. In general, boys use the PLD in a higher volume, during more hours and many times during a week. The answer pattern for girls from public schools is similar to the boys from private schools. The general pattern for both boys and girls, shows that the higher volume comes in association to a major frequency of use. 60% of the students use computer/ laptop with earphones. 100% of the girls from public school use VI mobile phone with earphones, in private schools we found 60% for girls and 72,6 % for boys. Girls are more inclined to reduce the time of using and the volume of the PLD. 50% frequent parties /shows / samba school rehearsal. The hearing symptoms and extra-symptoms aren t different between males and females. The girls from private school, regarding to the public school, showed a minor interest in using hearing protection, and to know the influence of the sound pollution and to participate of hearing health. The students that use PLD / mobile phones showed more need in rising the volume of the TV/ radio, beside saying ham and feeling more tired. The boys that are inclined to use hearing protection, demonstrate worry concerning to lose hearing. Conclusion: The use of portable listening devices with earphones and mobile phones is a common habit among teenagers. Go to parties and shows are, at least, part of the daily life of the half of the analysed public. The interference of these facts in the hearing health of this population is already noticed by part of it. Although this behavior is settled among adolescents, we can see a tendency to a change of habits and a worry in losing the hearing datas that can benefit the implementation of hearing health at schools / O uso de dispositivos portáteis de música (DPM) entre adolescentes tem crescido e provocado aumento no tempo de exposição à elevados níveis de pressão sonora. É importante conhecer os hábitos auditivos e a forma como os adolescentes se comportam diante de situações ruidosas para verificar seu nível de consciência sobre os potenciais riscos auditivos e extra auditivos a que se expõem nas atividades de lazer. Objetivos: investigar os hábitos auditivos de adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos de idade. Método: estudo transversal em uma população de adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos de idade de uma escola particular e de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre hábitos auditivos baseado na pesquisa de Zogby et al. (2006). O instrumento foi entregue pela pesquisadora e respondido em casa pelos alunos. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos resultados e análise de associação através dos testes quiquadrado e exatos de Fisher. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 86 estudantes com idade entre 14 e 18 anos. Os resultados mostram que mais de 73,9% dos alunos de ambos os sexos e das duas escolas usam dispositivos portáteis de música com fones de ouvido. Meninos geralmente utilizam os DPM em volume mais alto, por mais horas e várias vezes durante a semana. O padrão de respostas para as meninas da escola pública se assemelha ao dos meninos da escola particular. O padrão geral de respostas para ambos os sexos mostra que geralmente o volume mais alto vem IV associado a uma maior frequência de uso. 60% dos alunos utilizam computador / laptop com fones de ouvido. 100% das meninas da escola pública utilizam telefone celular com fones de ouvido, na escola particular encontramos 60% para as meninas e 72,6% dos meninos. As meninas são mais propensas a diminuir o tempo de uso e o volume dos DPM. 50% frequentam baladas / shows / ensaios de escola de samba. Os sintomas auditivos e extra-auditivos não diferem entre os sexos. As meninas da escola particular, em relação à escola pública, apresentaram menor interesse em utilizar proteção auditiva, conhecer a influência da poluição sonora e participar de programas de saúde auditiva. Os alunos que utilizam DPM / telefones celulares apresentaram maior necessidade de aumentar o volume da TV / rádio, apresentaram necessidade de falar ham e sentiram-se mais cansados. Os meninos que estão propensos a usar proteção auditiva apresentam preocupação em perder a audição. Conclusão: a utilização de dispositivos portáteis de música com fones de ouvido e de telefones celulares é um hábito generalizado entre os adolescentes. Frequentar baladas e shows também faz parte do cotidiano de pelo menos metade do público analisado. A interferência desses fatos na saúde auditiva dessa população já é notada por parte dela. Embora esse comportamento esteja arraigado entre os adolescentes, observa-se uma propensão à mudança de hábitos e uma preocupação em perder a audição dados que podem favorecer a implementação de programas de saúde auditiva nas escolas

Since the introduction of the iPod in 2001, portable music listening devices that play or stream compressed music files have steadily become the standard devices used to listen to music. Despite this, few music education researchers have investigated the role that such devices have in shaping students' music listening experiences. This dissertation is meant to fill that gap in the literature and contribute to the existing sociological and psychological literature on music listening in everyday life. Phenomenology served as the theoretical framework for the design of the study. 10 college students from three institutions underwent iterative interviews and were asked questions developed from McCarthy and Wright's (2004) Deweyan method for investigating user experiences with technology. The questions fell into five categories: sensual, emotional, compositional, spatio-temporal, and the sense-maker. The participants' responses were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory methods. The following four axial codes emerged from the data and were used to divide the dissertation into chapters: "Embodying the Experience," "Organizing the Experience," "Navigating Real and Virtual Spaces," and "Developing the Self." The main finding articulated in the chapter entitled "Embodying the Experience" is that the participants located the music in their heads while listening to music on their devices using headphones or earbuds. In contrast, participants consistently reported that, when listening to music through open-air speakers, they experienced the music as being located everywhere or in their whole bodies. The main finding in the chapter entitled, "Organizing the Experience," is that participants exercised agency in their music listening experience by creating playlists. Typically, playlists were created by the participants to be used in conjunction with other activities such as exercising, studying, commuting, and so forth. I used these findings to develop the concept of "Integration in Consciousness" which models the participants' simultaneous engagement with the music and other activities. In the chapter entitled "Navigating Real and Virtual Spaces," I explore how the participants simultaneously navigated the spatial aspects of the music listened to on their players and the spatial aspects of the physical spaces within which their activities naturally occurred. In doing so, I provide an example of how the participants experienced music and activities as "Integrated in Consciousness." In chapter seven, "Developing the Self," I explore how the participants' uses of their devices reflect their development as adolescents. In addition, I propose that participants' uses of their devices may be constitutive of their adolescent development. Finally, in chapter eight, I explore the ways in which music teachers can utilize the findings of this study in the development of their own classroom pedagogies. Among other things, I propose that music teachers can use the "Integration in Consciousness" model to help their students communicate about their music listening experiences in the classroom. In the use of this model, music teachers can tailor their pedagogies specifically for the technology rich, "post-performance" world within which they teach.

Cette thèse relève de la didactique de l’anglais. Il s’agit d’une étude exploratoire des représentations et attitudes de 170 lycéens, relative à l’introduction et l’utilisation du baladeur MP3 en cours d’anglais. Notre démarche d’investigation a reposé sur une approche systémique de la situation d’apprentissage. Afin de mettre au jour l’attitude des apprenants, nous avons utilisé des questionnaires. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence l’absence d’unanimité dans l’acceptation du baladeur MP3 en cours d’anglais. Une utilisation régulière du baladeur MP3 dans la vie quotidienne ne prédispose pas à son appropriation dans un contexte scolaire. Le baladeur MP3 n’est pas un objet réel – c’est un artefact qui se reconstruit selon les usages. Notre étude a également montré que les représentations de l’objet technologique chez les apprenants dépendaient de leurs représentations des autres éléments de la situation d’apprentissage. / This PhD thesis concerns the learning/teaching of the English language. It consists in an exploratory study of 170 high school students’ beliefs and attitudes as regards the introduction and use of an MP3 player in English classes. Our investigation was based on a systemic approach of the learning context. In order to expose the learners’ attitude, we used questionnaires. Our results highlighted the absence of consensus in the acceptation of the MP3 player in English classes. A frequent use of the MP3 player in the daily life does not involve its appropriation in a school context. The MP3 player is not a real object – it is an artefact that is reconstructed according to the uses. Our study also showed that the learners’ beliefs of the technological object depended on their beliefs of the other elements belonging to the learning context.

This work deals with the design and implementation of a hardware unit that is capable of playing MPEG-1 Layer III files, compliant with ISO/IEC 11172-3. There are given the benefits of using the MP3 format and principles that make it possible to compress the size of the resulting music recordings. The file format and all parts of the header are thoroughly studied as well as the method of encoding information. The process of the data decoding is divided into several consecutive, more or less discrete functional units and these units are designed and described in a hardware description language VHDL. There are also discussed features of FPGA chips - programmable gate arrays. Those are used for physical realization of the MP3 player. A development board is selected, including such an FPGA chip and other resources that allow synthesis of the entire circuit and playback in real time.

近年來大型消費性電子公司均致力發展商品外型的設計美感，試圖以具有視覺美感的商品吸引消費者的目光，以獲得更高的利潤。但本研究認為廠商在追逐商品設計美感時，也應探討消費者差異對於其美感反應的影響；以及不同商品以美感外型包裝時，對消費者的效果差異。對此，本研究以Bloch, Brunel & Arnold（2003）提出的消費者商品美感中心性（CVPA）、商品與自我一致性等概念，探討消費者對美感的心理差異，如何影響其對於商品設計美感的反應。同時並探討商品外顯性的差異，對於消費者的美感反應是否具有調節效果。 透過消費者美感中心性、商品設計美感、以及商品外顯性的2*2*2三因子實驗設計，本研究以3C商品為實驗商品，並以線上實驗的方式進行。研究結果如下： 1. 消費者重視美感的程度與商品設計美感間的一致性，會影響其對於商品設計的愉悅反應。 2. 商品呈現順序會調節不同CVPA消費者對於商品設計的愉悅、品牌興趣、自我與品牌連結、認知價值等反應。 3. 重視美感程度差異的消費者，並不會因為商品外顯性的調節而影響其美感反應。 4. 商品外顯性與商品設計美感之間具有交互效果：對於高外顯商品而言，高美感設計可有效提高消費者的認知價值，但低外顯商品若以高美感設計呈現，亦可使消費者因超乎預期的感受而倍感愉悅。 5. 消費者對於美感在認知層面的自我與品牌連結反應，會顯著受到CVPA「敏銳」面向的影響；在情感層面的美感評估、態度、愉悅等反應，則會顯著受到「價值」面向的影響；在行為層面的品牌興趣、購買意圖，則會顯著受到「反應」層面的影響。 / The role of aesthetical quality of a product has been placed much importance these years in the manufacturing industry, especially in consumer electronic industry. While developing products with aesthetical quality, it is also important to understand how consumers responded to products with high and low levels of aesthetic quality. The present study explored the moderating role of consumers’ psychological differences on their aesthetic responses, and also examined how differently they responded to products that differed on aesthetic quality and conspicuousness. This study adopted the concept of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics developed by Bloch, Brunel & Arnold (2003) and drew upon the concept of self-product image consistency to explore how consumers’ aesthetic orientation influence their responses to products with high and low aesthetic design. Moreover, the influence of product differences has also been considered. The proposed hypotheses were tested by a three-factor on-line experiment. The results are as follows: 1. The consistency of consumers’ CVPA and products’ design aesthetics influenced consumers’ pleasant feelings. 2. The order of how the stimuli were presented moderated the consistency effect mentioned above, especially on responses such as: pleasure, brand interest, self-brand connection, and perceived value toward the product. 3. For consumers with different levels of CVPA, the products’ conspicuousness did not moderate their aesthetic responses toward the product with high and low aesthetic designs. 4. There was an interaction between “product conspicuousness” and “product design aesthetics” on consumers’ “perceived value” and “pleasant feelings” toward product designs. 5. Consumers’ aesthetic responses were influenced by different dimensions of CVPA: “Acumen” accounted for significant variance in “self-brand connection,” “Value” explained significant variance in their attitudinal responses toward the product, and “Response” significantly predicted the variance in their behavioral responses. The implications and suggestions for future studies and practitioners were also discussed.