「開放政府資料」在概念上將資料處理以及網際網路傳輸的概念應用到政府治理，以符合開放標準之要求釋出政府資料，提升政府資料使用效率並加速行政革新，有效提升人民生活品質並促進社會經濟發展，讓施政透明度、公眾參與以及國家可課責性之訴求能夠確實實踐並賦予新的內涵。 開放政府資料最初源自於各式民間社群之倡議，隨著時間演進各國政府也紛紛將此概念納入國家政策將其提升至國家施政目標。美國和英國為目前開放政府資料政策實踐最成熟的先驅國家，為各國政府研擬相關政策的效仿對象，其他後起之秀有加拿大與澳洲，台灣也自2012年後開始推動相關政策。從各國政策實踐經驗中可以發現，開放政府資料在政策實踐上必須考量政府資料盤點、平台網站架設、資料格式、資料授權、是否收費以及其他政策推行時政府機關內部的溝通協調以及外部推廣時的各式議題。 本文針對其中授權議題，採用文獻蒐集暨文獻比較法，將目前各國政府實施開放政府資料所採用較具有代表性之開放政府資料授權條款或使用規則，像是創用CC授權條款中的CC-BY以及CC-BY-SA、ODbL、英國OGL、加拿大OGL、法國Licence ouverte以及挪威NLOD進行條款要件之比較與綜合分析，發現目前開放政府資料授權實務廣泛將公眾授權條款之概念應用在政府資料授權釋出，惟政府資料種類繁雜，在使用上亦受到既有法律與行政規則之箝制，使得目前民間社群發展之授權條款無法全盤規範政府資料釋出，而採用各國政府自行制定的使用規則雖然得有效配合當地法制達到因地制宜之效，但條款內容難以統一，使得採用不同條款釋出政府資料進行再次改作將產生條款相容性之隱憂。 考量開放政府資料的訴求為強調任何人對於資料使用不應受任何限制，本文建議政府機關實施政府資料授權時，應以開放為原則並盡量減少資料使用之限制。就目前授權實務現況觀之，得透過條款設計、建立國際標準以及跨國地區整合之方式提升各國授權條款或使用規則之間的相容性，降低政府資料使用潛在限制。若採用民間社群制定之公眾授權條款進行政府資料釋出者，應建立相關配套措施使授權條款規定得有效與國家政府運作流程結合，讓授權條款的運作機制得在政策執行中確實實踐。 / "Open Government Data" is associated with using data processing, Internet transmission and open standards to release government information. It is believed by many that a good open-data policy can help the government to improve the efficiency of governance, to accelerate administrative reform, to enhance living quality, and to promote social and economic development. The idea of open data may also benefit government transparency, public participation and accountability. The wave of Open Government Data was originally started from a number of online communities. Now the concept of Open Government Data has been accepted as national policies in the global scale. The U.S. government and the U.K. government have been probably the most important pioneers in promoting open government data policies. Other countries like Canada and Australia also follow the trend to make their own Open Government Data policies. Taiwan government has put the idea of Open Government Data into practice since 2012. Policy considerations for Open Government Data concern different issues, such as the classification of open government data, Web platform operating, data format, licensing, charging standard, the coordination between agencies and policy promotion. The study focuses on the licensing perspective of open government data. This study compares and analyzes the most representative license clauses and terms of use, such as CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, ODbL, UK Open Government License, Canada Open Government License, France Open license and Norwegian License for Open Government Data. Owing to the variety of government information, not all of the government information are protected by copyright law and other related laws. In addition, there are other factor restricted the use of government information. Such regulatory limitations are occasionally conflicting with policy goals of open government data. Other issues, such as licensing compatibility may trouble government agencies to implement the open data policy. The principles of open government data emphasize that government data should be available to anyone to access, re-use and redistribution, so the use of such data should not impose any restrictions. This study argues that licensing open government data should minimize the use of restricted data as much as possible. Considering the status quo of licensing open government data, the adjustment of structure of licensing clauses, establishing international standards and cross-nation cooperation may be the possible ways to solve the incompatibility problem mentioned previously. Moreover, governments should establish relevant supporting measures so that the licensing mechanism can smoothly fits in the legal system and successfully achieve the original policy goals.

傳統上著作物與著作權是兩個涇渭分明的概念，購買著作物不當然取得與之相關的著作權，反過來說，即便僅獲得有限的著作授權，亦不影響該著作物的所有權歸屬。為了將利益最大化，著作權人試圖透過契約架空權利耗盡，最常見的方式是透過定型化契約、以授權代替銷售，直接阻斷著作物所有權移轉的發生，但權利耗盡肩負著調和著作物所有權人與著作權人間權利衝突的任務，若允許著作權人以契約打破平衡，將使著作利用人陷入使用處處受制的窘境，亦有損文化推廣、知識傳承的著作權制度本旨。 隨著數位科技的發展，著作物逐漸走向無體化，在無體著作物與著作權本身界線模糊的情況下，權利耗盡應如何適用遂成為一個複雜的問題。本論文以有體物變成無體物的著作物型態轉變做為切入點，討論著作數位化下的權利耗盡面對的挑戰，並對實務上常用的規避手段進行分析，進一步提出著作物授權和銷售契約的辨別標準，同時提出對電子定型化契約適法性的判斷方式。 近年發展蓬勃的著作訂閱服務，更是完全跳脫產品交易模式下存在的耗盡問題。本論文最後便以現存不同數位著作（音樂、電子書、軟體）的服務平台為中心，藉由其運作模式的介紹來分析當著作與雲端結合後，除了傳統存於著作上的使用限制外，還有哪些影響著作利用人的選擇因素。

著作肩負著人類對文化傳承、藝術發揚及知識分享的重責大任，影響深遠，自應創造因誘因加以鼓勵並給予適當的法律保障；惟現代著作權法保護創作人的思維均藉由「創作完成自動保護」的途徑，賦予創作人各種著作人格權及著作財產權，一改往昔仍須藉由註冊審查或登記列冊方能享有著作權的傳統作法。然而,任何偉大的著作,其價值乃貴在廣為利用方能源遠流傳，前述各類創作人是否分享或放棄著作權之意願，由法律自動保留全部權利（all rights reserved）的預設（default）立場，使得利用人在利用著作或接續創作的平台受到重重的限制，除了能符合較抽象的「合理使用」範疇以外，利用著作前均須依法取得權利人之同意或授權方能免除因此所生侵權責任。 對於一向主張著作應視為公共財的自由派學者，前述加諸廣大利用人動輒得咎的法律限制，顯然會認為對於知識分享擴散造成阻礙的結果無法忍受，於是美國史丹福大學Lawrence Lessig教授即於2002年間號召有識之士，倡導「Creative Commons」（本研究稱為「創作共享」）之運動，藉由「保留部分著作權」（some rights reserved）的理念，設計鬆綁著作權法以釋出著作權的機制，現正積極在世界各國間推廣中。 本研究即針對上述理念之興起，思考此一創新機制與知識分享擴散及著作權保護間有無相關，並試圖找出可能直接影響機制之關鍵因素提供建言。在第一章部分，除敍明研究動機、目的、範圍、限制外，更直指本研究之問題所在及預期之貢獻；第二章即針對研究主題，包括過去對著作權保護、創作共享機制、知識分享擴散及制度創新的研究進行文獻探討，第三章則對研究核心創作共享機制具體實踐之契約條款予以法律剖析檢驗，並釋疑部分易為外界混淆或誤解之觀念；第四章則詳細闡明研究方法後，設定各個命題及假設，並各賦予操作化定義，落實為問卷調查之問題及選項，第五章則以立意取向調查方式發放及回收共547份有效問卷，並以11.0版SPSS軟體執行問卷數據分析並進而出各項判讀，印證前述命題及假設相關程度，另從管理意涵賦予各項解讀之詮釋；第六章則藉由坊間已先後運行的四個類似創作共享機制的個案，將前述檢驗的內外因素、體質因素、驅動因素等研究構面逐一比較，第七章即就研究成果列出結論並提出後續研究之建議以供來者繼續接棒發揚。 / Creative work carries the responsibilities of cultural inheritance, artistic manifestation, and knowledge sharing; its influences are far reaching and the work ought to be encouraged and properly protected by law. In contrast to traditional copyright laws, whereby protection was given only after registration or examination, current copyright laws give protection to creative work upon its completion, and provide the creator with all kinds of moral integrity rights and copyrights. However, the value of a masterpiece lies in its widespread use, and the current legal system gives the creator, by default, all rights to reserve their intention to share or forfeit their copyrights. From the user’s standpoint, this protective system means limitations and restrictions in using creative work or in continuing creative platform—requiring the user to obtain agreement or license from the rights owner for any use of the work outside the scope of “fair use.” Liberal scholars who believe creative work ought to be public property find these legal restrictions on users and limitations on the proliferation of knowledge sharing intolerable. In 2002, under the appeal of Stanford’s Professor Lawrence Lessig, the movement for Creative Commons was begun. Under this model, relaxation of copyrights with some rights reserved is called for, and this idea is being widely promoted throughout the world. This study focuses on the development of this new ideology and examines its relationship with the proliferation of knowledge sharing and copyrights protection, and further inspects the key factors that may directly influence this new mechanism as well as provides necessary suggestions. Chapter One explains the motivation, purpose, scope, and limitation of this study as well as pointing out the problems and expectations of this study. Chapter Two focuses on the main theme of this study, including empirical studies on past copyright protections, creative commons mechanism, proliferation of knowledge sharing and innovation of its system. Chapter Three examines the legal aspects of the creative commons licensing agreement and clarifies the parts that are confusing or can be easily misunderstood. Chapter Four explains the research approach and sets up theories for each topic, and defines the procedures for selecting questions for the survey. Chapter Five analyzes the 547 valid surveys, which were distributed using the conceptual approach, using v.11.0 of SPSS against the topic and theories set forth in the previous chapter, and interpret each item in the survey via management connotation. Chapter Six compares four existing mechanisms similar to the creative commons model in terms internal and external factors, physical factors, and driving factors. Chapter Seven discusses the results of this study and states suggestions for subsequent research.