近紅外線影像由於其物理特性與成像方式，其紋理細節都有發散模糊不清的現象，對於以紋理為主要特徵的年齡辨識問題而言更具挑戰。本論文主要目的是以近紅外線人臉影像為基礎，找出對近紅外線年齡特徵有最佳描述力的特徵描述子，辨識近紅外線影像中被拍攝者的年齡區間，建構整個年齡層估算機制。 相關研究一部分關注可見光年齡辨識，另一部分則聚焦在近紅外線人臉辨識，目前還沒有近紅外線年齡辨識的相關文獻能參考，如何從接近的研究領域找尋是適當的演算法是本研究遇到的第一個挑戰。在資料庫的部分，FGNET和MORPH常被用於可見光的年齡辨識議題； PolyU和LDHF則用於近紅外線人臉辨識相關研究，在目前沒有近紅外線年齡資料庫的情況，本研究自建RSNIR（Intel RealSense Near-Infrared Age Database），因此如何標準化拍攝環境流程、蒐集穩定的近紅外線影像是本研究面臨的第二個挑戰。 區域性特徵擷取方法的關鍵在於特徵描述子的描述力。本研究以LBP（Local Binary Patterns）為基礎，探討LBP在內的24個特徵描述子，最後實驗測試各個描述子在RSNIR的辨識率，結果發現基本型Fuzzy LBP和擴充型RILBP對近紅外線年齡特徵有最佳描述力。在空間譜子區塊（patch）設計部分，以3x3切割子區塊數的辨識效果最好，反應出其與影像校正時的人臉影像空間定義方式有關。

攝影問世以來，所帶來的影響與文化一直都是人們研究的對象，數位時代後，攝影的樣貌更是大幅改變。隨著智慧型手機的普及，以及各式後製app的興起，分享後製過照片至社群平台成為人們日常生活的常態；在廣受年輕人歡迎的Instagram上，也可看見許多精心後製、特別設計過的相片。本研究探討當今高中女生如何使用app處理手機相片，並發佈於Instagram上展現個人與集體的美感與風格，並進一步了解攝影於她們的意義。 本研究將以符擔性理論（Affordance Theory）作為切入點，透過深入訪談法與實物分析法，了解高中女生後製照片的實踐想法與過程，並持續追蹤、觀察高中女生Instagram上照片風格的呈現及變化。透過兩種研究方法，以更深入理解高中女生對待相片的心態。 研究發現，智慧型手機與Instagram等科技提供了多種符擔性，高中女生與科技互動，並依不同的需求感知到不同的符擔性，並據此做出不同的行為特性；同時，她們也因應自己所需，翻轉科技符擔性的限制，呈現了更多樣的實踐與互動可能。而在現實與虛擬社群中，她們的創意相片也共享了基本的設計原則，創造出屬於她們自己的藝術世界，並重新召喚了靈光再現。 / Since the time of its emergence, the effects that photography has had on culture has been studied by countless people. When it comes to the face of photography, the digitalization era changed it dramatically. The ubiquitousness of smartphones and rise of phone-editing applications has also made sharing apped photos to become part of our daily routines. On the photo-sharing app known as Instagram, the most popular site among teenagers, many well-crafted and expressive images can be found. This study aimed at exploring how Taiwanese high school girls use apps to manipulate their photos, and share these photos on Instagram, in order to demonstrate their personally creative and collective aesthetics. 　 This research was based on the Affordance Theory and contained two methods: in-depth interviews and methods of practical analysis in order to gain a deeper understanding of high school girls’ attitudes toward photography. 　 The study displayed that smartphones and Instagram provide a variety of affordances. Through interactaction with technology, high school girls perceive different affordances based on their own demands. They also interpret the limits of affordances, and thus do more or less designing practice on their photos, depending on their needs. The creativity of high school girls’ images share basic design principles which enable them to create their own art world and a specific aura with their photos.

本研究將從法律及管理觀點，分析博物館文物典藏品影像檔案的法律性質，介紹大英博物館及法國羅浮宮的藏品影像授權商品業務的經營經驗，並以國立故宮博物院為例，說明博物館數位文物圖檔授權對於文化創意產業所發展發揮之效益，也透過廠商訪談獲得對於其現行授權業務營運之意見。本研究最後也對於現行典藏機構之藏品影像管理及授權業務提出幾點建議：針對不當使用行為主張法律上權利予以制止、創設特別權利保護資料庫、權利管理電子資訊及防盜拷措施保護條款之準用、積極開發潛在智慧財產，以獲得法律保護、公正、公開、公平地經營藏品影像授權業務、鬆綁或彈性適用法令程序，設計多元且適合的商業模式、平等、互惠、雙贏的合作條件、創造衍生著作、創造附加價值、確認藏品影像品質並因應不同用途進行標準化、及透過網路、集中管理典藏產出之影像檔案等建議。 / Technology of Digitalization has improved the enforcement of National Digital Archives Program. The outcomes of NDAP bridged the conserving authorities and the industries and inspired their commercial interactions. Domestic conserving authorities, which are usually museums or galleries, should promote and manage the outcomes in a positive way for the industries to make use of. This paper explains the legal protection, especially intellectual property laws, of the image of the painting, calligraphy, antique or other historical artwork. The experiences of operating commercial business of the British Museum and the Louvre Museum are introduced. Then, this paper takes National Palace Museum as an example, to investigate its commercial business related to the licensing of artworks images, and to gather the opinions from its cooperating enterprises. In the end, the paper submits several suggestions on legal and managing point of view about the operation of art images to the conserving authorities.

近來三維數值城市及數碼城市（Cyber City）為各界極欲發展及研究的課題，為了要增加三維數值城市的擬真性及美觀程度，通常是將建物模型敷貼真實拍攝之牆面影像，增加三維模型的細緻化程度。而欲精確的敷貼牆面紋理影像，必須嚴密地將所拍攝之近景影像定位定向，一般採用光束法區域平差解算，此時需加上適當的控制點控制資訊才能完成，因此控制點控制資訊若來自地面測量將相當耗費成本。多年來，各地方政府製作大比例尺地形圖時已拍攝相當多的航照影像，可用來做為上述的控制資訊，亦即航空影像控制實體，若能使用這些航空影像控制實體作為控制資訊，不但可有效利用資源，亦能減少控制點取得所需花費的成本。因此，本研究將使用航空影像控制實體所提供的控制資訊做為控制來源。 本研究探討以航空影像控制實體作為控制資訊時，使用非量測型相機以類似傳統航測拍攝方式及旋轉多基線交向拍攝方式拍攝涵蓋建物牆面的目標區影像後，於最少控制且不同控制分布時，對光束法區域平差精度之影響。因使用非量測型相機，故本研究先以iWitnessPRO近景攝影測量軟體率定相機參數，接著以PHIDIAS近景攝影測量軟體解算光束法區域平差。過程中探討使用航空影像控制實體作為控制資訊時，於最少控制且不同控制分布時，加入附加參數解算的自率光束法區域平差與與一般光束法區域平差之精度。根據實驗結果，低樓層取像的光束法區域平差之檢核點RMSE精度，其結果大多可應用於LOD 3精度等級的牆面敷貼。另，因都市地區高樓林立，狹小巷弄多，有鑒於此，本研究使用旋轉多基線交向攝影，結果顯示其將有機會運用於近景攝影測量LOD 3精度等級的牆面紋理敷貼。 / Recently, the studies about the cyber city have become a popular topic. For improving the level of detail of cyber city, photo-realistic textures from images are mapped onto the surfaces of 3D building models. Before the accurate texture mapping, bundle block adjustment can be performed to recover the parameters of exterior orientation for each close-range images more accurate and more precise, where the control information is necessary. For the past years, many aerial photogrammetry projects were done by local governments for the mapping of 1/1000 topographic maps. Those historic aerial images can be used as control information to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency. Therefore, this study investigates the accuracy of bundle block adjustment about non-metric close-range images, taken from the ways similar to the traditional aerial photogrammetry and the rotating multi-baseline photogrammetry, by using control entities from historic aerial images as the minimal controls under various control distributions. Since the non-metric camera is used for collecting the close-range images, the iWitnessPRO software is utilized for camera calibration. After that, the PHIDIAS software, a close-range photogrammetry software, is employed to performed the bundle block adjustment. During performing the bundle block adjustment, the camera parameters are regarded as unknowns and determined, called as self-calibration bundle adjustment. The results of self-calibration bundle adjustment will be compared with conventional bundle adjustment. The test results show that the accuracy of most self-calibration bundle adjustment about close-range images covered with low buildings can be used for the application of LOD 3 texture mapping. Moreover, the test results of using close-range images from rotating multi-baseline photogrammetry in urban areas show the potential possibility for LOD 3 texture mapping in urban areas with high buildings and narrow alleys.