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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

女性獨立選民的政黨形象研究

陳惠鈴 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討女性獨立選民的社會背景特徵,以及她們和國民黨、民進黨之間的連結關係,透過TEDS 2004年總統面訪調查的資料,及焦體團體訪談的資料,來分析她們對兩大政黨的印象。 在調查資料方面,分別透過女性獨立選民和男性獨立選民、女性非獨立選民的比較,發現女性獨立選民在個人社會背景、情境、政治涉入等因素,與後兩者有顯著的差異。其中,在年齡方面和過往的研究有稍許的出入,不同於生命週期理論所預期的,隨著年齡的增長政黨認同愈趨強烈,年齡愈長的女性反而易成為獨立選民,這或許跟她們長久以來經歷一連串的政治動亂,導致她們愈遠離政治有關;另在教育方面,過往的研究也都指出獨立選民的教育程度是較低的,而本文發現女性獨立選民雖然教育程度偏低,但高教育程度的比例卻有增加的趨勢,這顯然與教育的普及化,提升了整體選民教育水準不無關係。 整體而言,女性獨立選民的特徵為年齡在60歲以上及40~49歲者、中低教育程度者、居住在北部地區、職業為家管、低收入家庭者、已婚、低政治涉入者。 在焦點團體方面,女性獨立選民受到不同的教育、情境、政治涉入等變數的影響,其對國、民兩黨產生不同的政黨形象認知差異。女性獨立選民對兩黨形象的正面評價多於負面評價,這或許可從女性強調人際關係的連結、與歸屬感的角度解釋,所以在態度上對政黨的評價,會來得比較正面。整體而言,女性獨立選對政黨整體性的形象內涵建立在對社會大環境變動的關懷上,更確切地說是建立在兩黨相互比較的基礎上而來。 相較於以往有關選民對政黨形象的研究指出,大部份的選民對國、民兩黨在政治性立場上(如統獨議題、兩岸關係等)的差異有清楚的印象,但從焦點團體訪談中,發現女性獨立選民甚少從政治性的角度來描繪兩黨的形象,這似乎某種程度上可說明女性獨立選民是較遠離政治的,不習慣或不喜歡以意識形態或抽象觀念的途徑來理解政黨,而是連結到與生命經驗關懷相關的層面,關注的是一般社會性面向的議題(如民生經濟、教育問題等),而這些往往較能誘發她們對政治討論的興趣。 最後,本文認為調查研究和焦點團體研究的方法是相輔相成的,透過調查資料的分析,瞭解女性獨立選民的特質及對政黨的一般印象,而焦點團體研究在這基礎之上,將訪談的結果用以補充、或解釋一些量化資料所無法得知道的政黨形象內涵。
2

我國獨立選民的發展與變遷(1989∼1999) / The Developing and Changing Situation of Independent Voters in Taiwan(from 1989 through 1999)

莊天憐, Chuang, Tien-Lien Unknown Date (has links)
在關於政黨認同的研究中,除了明白表示出政黨認同的這群人之外,其餘沒有明白表示出政黨認同的選民,通常被歸類為所謂的「中立無反應」者,或是「獨立選民」。然而,這群沒有明白表示出政黨認同或投票對象的受訪者是否真是中立或無反應者,抑或真是獨立選民呢?葉銘元(1994)針對我國的獨立選民曾做過相當詳細的研究,本文接續其研究,選擇政治大學選舉研究中心的面訪資料,針對1989年至1999年間我國獨立選民的發展與變遷情形,分別就「我國獨立選民政黨認同及社會背景的發展與變遷」、「我國獨立選民政治涉入的發展與變遷」、「我國獨立選民投票取向的發展與變遷」及「影響獨立選民發展與變遷的因素」等方面作分析。 研究結果發現:我國獨立選民的比例雖然有下降的趨勢,但是近年來此種趨勢似乎有逆轉的情形,且獨立選民比例的高低的確會受到選舉制度不同的影響。獨立選民的社會背景也和政黨認同者有差異,他們的政治涉入較政黨認同者為低,對候選人及政黨評價較低,對議題保持中立的立場,投票時比較會考量候選人的條件優劣,較不會依政黨界限投票。與此同時,我們也發現獨立選民的組成上是由政治知識及政治涉入較低的「冷漠型獨立選民」,逐漸轉變為政治知識及政治涉入較高的「理想型獨立選民」。 在未來的發展趨勢上,我們發現新世代及新新世代選民中獨立選民所佔的比例是較低的,因此我們可以預期,獨立選民的比例應該還有下降的可能性。在民主化的進程繼續推展,政黨政治日益成熟穩定之後,我們預期有政黨認同的選民會呈現增長的趨勢,與此同時,獨立選民並不會大幅度的減少。基於獨立選民是理想公民的期待,我們相信還是會有一定比例的民眾認為自己是獨立選民,但正如同我們觀察到的,此時的獨立選民將不再是對政治一無所知,或是對政治冷漠的冷漠型獨立選民;而將成為對政治保持高度關注,並能依自己客觀的態度做出政治決定的理想公民。 / In most studies about party identification, people who do not clearly indicate their party identification are usually classified as so「neutral non-respondents」or 「Independents」. Are these respondents really neutral or non-response, or are they really independents ? Yeh Ming-Yuan (1994) has done detailed research on independent voters in Taiwan. This thesis follows his research, using individual level survey data to analyze the developing and changing situation of independent voters in Taiwan from 1989 through 1999. In particular, this thesis examines changing party identification and social background of independent voters, changing political involvement among independent voters, changing vote intentions of independent voters, and the facts which have influenced the develop of independent voters. Our research outcomes have shown that although the percentage of independent voters in Taiwan has declined, in recent years this trend seems to have reversed, The percentage of independent voters has actually been influenced by changes in the electoral system. There are differences in social background between independents and party identifiers. The degree of political involvement of independent voters is lower than that of party identifiers. Their evaluation of candidates and parties is also lower than those of party identifiers. They tend to stay neutral to all political issues when making their voting decisions, they tend to consider the conditions of the candidates, rather than voting by the boundary of parties. However, we also discover that independent voters are gradually evolving from "apathetic independent voters", with lower political knowledge and lower political involvement, to "ideal independent voters", with higher political knowledge and higher political involvement. Looking to the future, we discover that the percentage of independent voters in the next generation and the generation after that are much lower. Hence we can predict that the percentage of independent voters will likely decline. With the continuing development of democracy and the increasing maturity and stability of party politics, we expect that the percentage of party indentifiers will grow. However, this does not necessarily mean that the percentage of independent voters will decline dramatically.Because of the expectation that independent voters are the ideal citizens, we believe that there are still a certain percentage of people who will consider themselves as independent voters. Hence, independent voters increasingly will not be "apathetic independent voters" who know nothing about politics. On the contrary, they will become "ideal citizens" who keep highly concerned about politics and make political decisions according to their own subjective attitudes.

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