本論文主要的研究旨趣，在於嘗試從原住民國中生的個人特徵、家庭背景及學校教育機制角度，探討其與政治知識及民主價值觀的關聯性。並藉以瞭解不同背景因素的政治文化差異，是否影響原住民國中生的政治社會化行為。 本研究是以臺灣地區年齡十二至十四歲之原住民國中學生為研究對象，採非隨機抽樣方式。選定新北市烏來國民中小學等七所原住民地區的學校，安排450位學生進行施測。並依問卷分析及檢視結果，對屏東縣瑪家國中學生及教師作進一步的訪談。 本研究問卷採封閉型式，共分成「個人基本資料」、「家庭背景」、「學校教育機制」、「政治知識」及「民主價值觀」等五大部份。分別採用描述性統計分析、信度分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關係數分析及迴歸分析等統計方法處理。 本研究共有以下幾點發現： 一、教室民主氣氛有助於原住民國中學生政治知識的提升。 二、教室氣氛愈民主、同儕團體討論愈熱烈，對原住民國中學生民主價值觀愈有正面的影響。 三、原住民國中學生的政治知識與其正相關民主價值觀有顯著。 / The main essential of the research is trying to inquire the correlation of the political knowledge and the democracy value of the aboriginal junior high students, characters based on family background and school formation. The research tries to realize whether the different political cultures based on different background effect the political socialization of the aboriginal junior high students in Taiwan. This research object is with the 12 to 14 year- old junior high school students in aboriginal district in Taiwan for research, not random samples. The research chooses 450 students , who are in Wulai in New Taipei and other six junior high school students in aboriginal district for testing. It looks for the result by the questionnaire analysis. And it makes a further interview to Majia junior high school students and teachers in Pingtung County. The questionnaire research is in closed type. It includes five parts such as personal information, family background, school education formation, political knowledge, and the democracy value, etc. And the research adopts the statistical methods such as descriptive, reliability, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. This research has the following findings: 1. The democracy atmosphere of the classroom contributes to the promoting of the political knowledge of the aboriginal junior high school students. 2. The more democratic atmosphere the classroom and the more discussion the students has all contribute to the positive influence to the aboriginal junior high school students. 3. The political knowledge of the aboriginal junior high school students are positively related to their value of democracy.

本論文研究以新北市公立高中生為研究樣本，探討政治社會化機構中「家庭背景」、「學校機制」與學生的「政黨認同」、「民主價值觀」、「政治信任感」等政治態度之關聯性。 　　本論文以集群抽樣，選取國立板橋高中、新北市立金山高中、新北市立樹林高中、新北市立清水高中等學校高一至高三學生為樣本，抽樣學生合計940人。調查方式採用問卷調查法，分別區分為「教師影響力」、「師生互動」、「學校效能感」、「民主價值觀」、「政治信任感」、「政黨認同」、「個人基本資料」等封閉式問題。經由抽樣學生填答完成後，分別使用描述性統計分析、卡方檢定、ｔ檢定、變異數分析、Pearson積差相關係數、多元廻歸分析、信度分析等統計方法處理。 　　本研究有下列幾點重要的發現： 一、社會組學生的民主價值觀高於自然組學生。 二、省籍為「本省閩南人」的民主價值觀高於其它省籍。 三、師生互動與教師影響力與學生的民主價值觀呈現正相關。 四、師生互動、教師影響力與學校效能感，都與政治信任感呈現正相關。 五、民主價值觀與政治信任感為呈現顯著負相關。 關鍵字：高中生、學習歷程、政治社會化、政治態度、政黨認同、民主價值觀、政治信任感、師生互動、教師影響力、學校效能感。

在關於政黨認同的研究中，除了明白表示出政黨認同的這群人之外，其餘沒有明白表示出政黨認同的選民，通常被歸類為所謂的「中立無反應」者，或是「獨立選民」。然而，這群沒有明白表示出政黨認同或投票對象的受訪者是否真是中立或無反應者，抑或真是獨立選民呢？葉銘元（1994）針對我國的獨立選民曾做過相當詳細的研究，本文接續其研究，選擇政治大學選舉研究中心的面訪資料，針對1989年至1999年間我國獨立選民的發展與變遷情形，分別就「我國獨立選民政黨認同及社會背景的發展與變遷」、「我國獨立選民政治涉入的發展與變遷」、「我國獨立選民投票取向的發展與變遷」及「影響獨立選民發展與變遷的因素」等方面作分析。 研究結果發現：我國獨立選民的比例雖然有下降的趨勢，但是近年來此種趨勢似乎有逆轉的情形，且獨立選民比例的高低的確會受到選舉制度不同的影響。獨立選民的社會背景也和政黨認同者有差異，他們的政治涉入較政黨認同者為低，對候選人及政黨評價較低，對議題保持中立的立場，投票時比較會考量候選人的條件優劣，較不會依政黨界限投票。與此同時，我們也發現獨立選民的組成上是由政治知識及政治涉入較低的「冷漠型獨立選民」，逐漸轉變為政治知識及政治涉入較高的「理想型獨立選民」。 在未來的發展趨勢上，我們發現新世代及新新世代選民中獨立選民所佔的比例是較低的，因此我們可以預期，獨立選民的比例應該還有下降的可能性。在民主化的進程繼續推展，政黨政治日益成熟穩定之後，我們預期有政黨認同的選民會呈現增長的趨勢，與此同時，獨立選民並不會大幅度的減少。基於獨立選民是理想公民的期待，我們相信還是會有一定比例的民眾認為自己是獨立選民，但正如同我們觀察到的，此時的獨立選民將不再是對政治一無所知，或是對政治冷漠的冷漠型獨立選民；而將成為對政治保持高度關注，並能依自己客觀的態度做出政治決定的理想公民。 / In most studies about party identification, people who do not clearly indicate their party identification are usually classified as so「neutral non-respondents」or 「Independents」. Are these respondents really neutral or non-response, or are they really independents ? Yeh Ming-Yuan (1994) has done detailed research on independent voters in Taiwan. This thesis follows his research, using individual level survey data to analyze the developing and changing situation of independent voters in Taiwan from 1989 through 1999. In particular, this thesis examines changing party identification and social background of independent voters, changing political involvement among independent voters, changing vote intentions of independent voters, and the facts which have influenced the develop of independent voters. Our research outcomes have shown that although the percentage of independent voters in Taiwan has declined, in recent years this trend seems to have reversed, The percentage of independent voters has actually been influenced by changes in the electoral system. There are differences in social background between independents and party identifiers. The degree of political involvement of independent voters is lower than that of party identifiers. Their evaluation of candidates and parties is also lower than those of party identifiers. They tend to stay neutral to all political issues when making their voting decisions, they tend to consider the conditions of the candidates, rather than voting by the boundary of parties. However, we also discover that independent voters are gradually evolving from "apathetic independent voters", with lower political knowledge and lower political involvement, to "ideal independent voters", with higher political knowledge and higher political involvement. Looking to the future, we discover that the percentage of independent voters in the next generation and the generation after that are much lower. Hence we can predict that the percentage of independent voters will likely decline. With the continuing development of democracy and the increasing maturity and stability of party politics, we expect that the percentage of party indentifiers will grow. However, this does not necessarily mean that the percentage of independent voters will decline dramatically.Because of the expectation that independent voters are the ideal citizens, we believe that there are still a certain percentage of people who will consider themselves as independent voters. Hence, independent voters increasingly will not be "apathetic independent voters" who know nothing about politics. On the contrary, they will become "ideal citizens" who keep highly concerned about politics and make political decisions according to their own subjective attitudes.