本研究旨在探討使用閱讀網絡圖對於臺灣高中生閱讀理解能力的影響，並分析學習者對於使用閱讀網絡圖後的態度觀感。 根據研究目的，所採用的實驗工具為閱讀理解測驗以及態度問卷。實驗對象為台中市某私立高中的92名學生。實驗進行前，實驗組與對照組的學生們接受閱讀理解前測。在為期六週的教學期間，實驗組接受閱讀網絡圖教學訓練，而對照組則接受傳統的教師講述閱讀教學方式。實驗後，兩組學生接受閱讀理解後測；實驗組另在後測結束後填寫問卷。資料分析透過描述性統計、T檢定、與ANOVA檢視閱讀網絡圖教學的效益；問卷旨在瞭解學生對於閱讀網絡圖輔助閱讀理解的態度和看法。 研究主要結果如下： 1.閱讀網絡圖有助於學生閱讀理解。此外，閱讀網絡圖對於學生在回答克漏字網絡圖題型有助益，但其顯著差異並未反映在選擇題的作答表現上。 2.學生對於閱讀網絡圖抱持正面的態度。第一，他們給予網絡圖正面回饋；第二，他們肯定網絡圖對於閱讀理解及文章架構的助益；第三，他們表示有意願在未來應用閱讀網絡圖於英語文章或其他學科的學習上。 綜合研究結果，本研究透過瞭解閱讀網絡圖在閱讀教學上的效益，期能提供教師對於閱讀網絡圖的使用有更一步的瞭解，以充分幫助學生的英語閱讀學習。 / The present study aimed to investigate the effects of graphic organizer instruction on Taiwanese senior high school students’ reading comprehension. Also, it explored students’ attitudes toward the use of graphic organizers. Based on the purpose of this study, instruments included reading comprehension tests and an attitude questionnaire. Two intact classes of 92 private senior high school second-grade female students in Taichung City participated in the study. The classes were first divided into the experimental group and the control group. Before the treatment, the reading comprehension pre-test was administrated. During the six-week instruction, the experimental group received graphic organizer instruction, while the control group received the traditional reading instruction. After that, the effects of graphic organizer instruction were evaluated through measures of reading comprehension post-test. The attitude questionnaire was distributed to the experimental group right after the post-test. The quantitative analysis of the mean scores on comprehension tests was conducted through descriptive statistics, t-Tests, and two-way ANOVA to indicate the effects of graphic organizers. In addition, the data of the questionnaire were analyzed for students’ attitudes toward and perceptions of graphic organizers. The major findings of the study were listed below: 1. The results of comprehension tests showed a significant effect of graphic organizer instruction on reading comprehension of senior high school students. Besides, the graphic organizer instruction positively affected students’ performance on answering cloze graphic organizer questions, while its effect on students’ answering multiple-choice questions was not salient. 2. Information gathered from the questionnaire indicated students’ positive attitudes toward the facilitation of graphic organizers. First, the students expressed positive feedbacks toward the use of graphic organizers. Second, they confirmed the benefits of graphic organizer instruction like increasing their reading comprehension and familiarizing themselves with text structure. Third, they generally showed their willingness to apply the use of graphic organizers to future learning while reading English articles or studying other subjects. To conclude, this study may be of importance in understanding the effectiveness of graphic organizers in its application of reading instruction, as well as in providing English teachers with a better understanding of how to use graphic organizers so as to offer learners with best help.

本研究的主要目的，在於了解二專學生的自我調整學習及自我調整學習教學之效果。研究中除探討二專生自我調整學習所涉及之重要歷程與因素、檢視自我調整學習與學業表現之間的關連外，並驗證融入式自我調整學習策略教學之效果。 本研究採文獻探討與實證研究二部分進行之。首先，就自我調整學習之概念、理論與相關研究進行文獻分析，據以形成二專生自我調整學習之研究架構，而後，進行實證研究考驗之。實證研究方面，分別進行問卷調查及教學實驗二項研究，問卷調查係針對目前二專各類科學生進行抽樣調查，有效樣本1717人，分析並比較其於國文科的自我調整學習情形及學業表現；教學實驗則採準實驗設計，以二專四個班級共222名學生為對象，將自我調整學習策略教學融入實驗組之心理學課程之中進行之，分析並比較實驗組(N=110)與控制組(N=112)之自我調整學習及學業表現。 本研究根據研究發現，獲致結論如下： 一、 二專生的自我調整學習，主要包括學習的動機信念與學習策略的使用二個重要歷程，且此二歷程密切關連。 二、 二專生的自我調整學習策略，主要包括認知策略與意志控制策略二類，且此二類策略密切關連。 三、 二專生的個人變項會影響其自我調整學習。 四、 二專生的自我調整學習會影響其學業表現。 五、 自我調整學習策略教學可融入二專學科課程之中。 六、學習回饋為融入式自我調整學習策略教學之重要關鍵，應同時兼顧學習結果及學習歷程之回饋。 七、融入式自我調整學習策略教學可增進二專生自我調整學習策略的使用，並提昇其學業表現。 最後，本研究依據研究結論，提出對二專教師、學校、教育主管機關及未來研究之建議，以作為二專教學、教育政策實施及相關研究之參考。 / The main purpose of this research was to investigate the self-regulated learning of two-year junior college students and the effects of self-regulated learning intervention. In this research, the important processes and factors involved in self-regulated learning of two-year junior college students as well as their relationships with academic performance were examined. Besides, it validated the effects of integrated self-regulated learning strategy instruction. Employing both literature and empirical researches. It analyzed the concepts, theories, and relevant studies of self-regulated learning on the literature to construct the study framework first, and conducted empirical studies to validate it afterwards. The empirical studies included a survey as well as a teaching experiment. The survey resulted a valid sample totaled 1717, out of a random sample of the current two-year junior college students. The self-regulated learning and academic performance on Chinese learning were analyzed and compared. The teaching experiment was a quasi-experiment. With four classes totaled 222 as subjects; the experiment embedded strategy instruction in the Psychology curriculum of experiment group. The self-regulated learning and academic performance of both experiment group (N=110) and control group (N=112) were analyzed and compared. According to the findings, the conclusions were rendered as follows: 1. The self-regulated learning of two-year junior college students mainly consisted of two important processes: the motivational belief and the use of learning strategy. The two processes were interrelated. 2. The self-regulated learning strategy of two-year junior college students mainly consisted of two kinds of strategies: the cognitive strategies and the volitional control strategies. The two kinds of strategies were interrelated. 3. The personal variables of two-year junior college students would affect their self-regulated learning. 4. The self-regulated learning of two-year junior college students would affect their academic performance. 5. The self-regulated learning strategy instruction could be integrated in the curriculum of two-year college. 6. Learning feedback was the key factor in the integrated self-regulated learning strategy instruction. It should include learning result feedback and learning process feedback. 7. The integrated self-regulated learning strategy instruction could improve the use of self-regulated learning strategy and academic performance of two-year junior college students. Finally, based on the conclusions, it provided concrete suggestions for two-year junior college instruction, relevant educational policies, and further studies.

本研究旨在探討澎湖縣國小教師教學資訊需求與資訊尋求行為，透過問卷對全澎湖縣40所國小之教師進行普查，以瞭解澎湖縣國小教師之教學資訊需求及資訊尋求行為概況，接著對10位同意接受訪談，且年資在5年以上之國小教師進行深度訪談，透過問卷調查及訪談分析，本研究發現如下： 在教學資訊需求方面，澎湖縣國小教師教學資訊之需求以能『補充教材內容，擴展學生見聞，引發學生學習興趣，提升學習專注力』之教學資訊為主；社會、國語及自然三科較需要額外補充教學資訊；這些額外的教學資訊多運用在課堂之發展活動；數位影音類型教學資訊受大多數教師喜愛，特別是YouTube上的影片。 在資訊尋求行為方面，澎湖縣國小教師教學資訊尋求管道以網路搜尋為主(Google最多)，選擇管道考量方便且能快速取得資訊，選用資訊時則會考量資訊的正確性、方便性、與教學內容相關性、易懂性。找尋教學資訊之干擾因素較多教師表示為：行政工作太多、交通不便、澎湖書店太少、研習很少符合需要、教學設備不夠完善。尋求資訊時的困難主要為『資料量過多，難以篩選』，而解決方式以『請教同儕教師』為主。 研究結果提出對教育主管單位之建議為：(一)減少行政工作與無益於提升學生基本能力之活動，或增加學校員額編制減少上課時數，讓教師有更多心思專注於教學上；(二)提高設備維護經費，使教學設備更完善；(三)加強與穩定網路品質；(四)精緻化研習活動，使研習活動符合需求；(五)整合教育資源，訓練教師運用；至於對圖書館之建議為：(一)希望延長開放時間；(二)希望增加館藏及數位化資源；(三)專業圖書館人員進駐小學協助管理學校圖書館；(四)加強圖書館推廣服務。 / This study was to analyze the teaching information needs and information seeking behaviors of elementary school teachers in Penghu County. The questionnaires mailed to 40 elementary school teachers. . This study also had in-depth interviews conducted with school teachers who have more than five years teaching experience to realize their opinions of information needs and behaviors. The results are summarized two parts. On teaching information needs, the information needs of elementary school teachers in Penghu County were to “supply teaching materials, broaden students’ horizons, arouse students' curiosity interests in learning, and improve learning concentrated attentionion”. Especially in Social Studies, Mandarin and Natural Sscience need more additional supplements of teaching information. This additional teaching information usually used in the development of classroom activities. Most teachers were used to rely on digital audio and video types of teaching information, especially videos on YouTube. On information seeking behaviors, the teachers were mostly using search engines on internet as their teaching information seeking channels (Google is the most popular one). The main considerations of seeking route selecting were convenient and easy to get information. On information selecting, the teachers would consider the information validity, convenience, teaching contents relevance, and understandability. The interference factors to seek teaching information were too much administrative works, traffic inconvenience, lack of bookstores in Penghu, teachers’ learning courses rarely met their real needs, and teaching equipment not good enough. The main difficulties when seeking information were "too much amount of data, and difficult to select". Most teachers’ solution was "to ask their colleagues for advice ". Five suggestions for educational administration: 1. Reduce administrative works and profitless activities or recruit more school staffs to reduce teachers’ workload, so that teachers could have more energy to focus on teaching. 2. Increase the maintenance budget to keep teaching equipment always in a good condition. 3. Strengthen and stabilize Internet network quality. 4. Refine teachers’ learning courses to meet the real needs of teachers. 5. Integrate educational resources and train teachers how to use. Four suggestions for the library: 1. Extend the opening hours. 2. Increase the amount of library collections and digital resources. 3. Recruit professional library personnel into primary schools to assist. 4. Strengthen the promotion of library services.

本論文嘗試分析王禎和小說《玫瑰玫瑰我愛你》人物對白中的語碼轉換現象 ，探討文本中轉碼的社會語用策略與功能、轉碼的結構形式、以及語種變換的類別。希望藉由本研究歸納出的台灣華人語碼轉換的規律性與通則，為日後華語文教學與教材編撰上提供參考價值。 本論文的分析框架建立在Gumperz (1972,1982) 提出的情境型語碼轉換 (Situational code-switching )、隱喻型語碼轉換(Metaphorical code-switching)、對話對話型語碼轉換(Conversational code-switching)，Poplack(1980)提出的句間語碼轉換(Inter-sentential switching)、句內語碼轉換(Intra-sentential switching)、附加語碼轉換(Tag switching)，以及Leech(1983)的語篇修辭(Textual Rhetoric)與人際修辭(Interpersonal Rhetoric )的觀念。 總計文本中的轉碼語料共有282筆。研究結果如下列所述。首先，文本中的語種變換類型有：國語轉閩南語、國語轉英語、閩南語轉國語、閩南語轉日語、閩語南轉客語、英語轉國語。分析結果顯示台灣華人以國語轉入其他語言的比例最高(占63.4%)，其次是以閩南語轉入其他語言(占30.8%)。相較之下，以其他語言母體語或鑲崁語的轉碼比例偏低。另外，國語和閩南語之間的互轉是文本中台灣華人最常使用的語碼轉換方式，其主要因素與台灣的政治、族群和社會變遷相關。 在句間語碼轉換(Inter-sentential switching)、句內語碼轉換(Intra-sentential switching)與附加語碼轉換(Tag switching)中，句間語碼轉換占80.0%比例最高，句內語碼轉換居次(占16.0%)，可能是因為句間語碼轉換較不像句內語碼轉換，需要較多文法上的技巧問題，所以對人們來說比較容易。附加語碼轉換在文本出現的比例僅占4.3%。 在情境型語碼轉換 (Situational code-switching )、隱喻型語碼轉換(Metaphorical code-switching)與對話型語碼轉換(Conversational code-switching)中，隱喻型語碼轉換高達80.1%；而情境型和對話型語碼轉換總共僅占19.9%，其中情境型語碼轉換占12.1%，對話型語碼轉換占7.8%。在情境型轉碼中，國語轉閩南語占3.2%，國語轉英語占5.7%，閩南語轉國語占2.5%。隱喻型語碼轉換中，以國語轉閩南語占41.8%及閩南語轉國語占23.0%比例最高。 本研究發現文本中轉碼被運用於語篇修辭的比例略高於人際修辭。就語篇修辭而言，分析結果顯示語碼轉換在語篇修辭中計有：訊息有無(添加訊息、詢問)、全面瞭解(解釋、糾正、確認、澄清)、比較、話題轉換(主題、段落)及指涉(具體、替代)等五類11項功能策略。文本中的語碼轉換大部分是為了要對訊息做入碼運作(Processibility Principle)，占34.0%，表達原則(Expressivity Principle)占29.2% ，清晰原則(Clarity Principle)占25.9% ，經濟原則(Economy Principle)占10.9%。 語碼轉換在人際修辭社會情境中的使用大多是為社會面向的目的(占人際修辭總語料的87.4%)，比場合面向(12.6%)高出非常多，顯示在人際修辭中，轉碼主要的目的是處理人際關係，而不是應付場合條件之所需。在社會面向中，語碼轉換所占的比例多寡順序為：社會標記(41.5%) > 態度(26.7%) > 社會距離的順應調整(19.3%) 。 小說中的語言與文化對於華語教學而言是現成有趣的教材。所以筆者認為小說文本應可運用在華語教學上當作教材使用，以教授外籍學生華語文本賞析的技巧，並了解小說作者或文本人物言語行為的真正社會語用意圖。 關鍵詞：文本分析、語碼轉換、混碼與夾碼、社會語用、華語文教學

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education