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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

初次上市股票的投資人基礎研究 / Two essays on the investor base of IPO stocks

陳虹伶, Chen, Hung Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本論文利用證券交易所提供的日內成交資料可以追蹤投資人的交易記錄,並研究1995-2003年208家初次發行上市公司(IPO)的新舊投資人基礎以及其變動對於資金成本的影響。研究結果發現,大部分IPO確實能增加投資人基礎,而且投資人偏好報酬率與報酬率波動較大的股票;另外,投資人基礎的變動可以解釋Merton(1987) investor recognition hypothesis,即投資人基礎增加可以降低資金成本。 由第二章的分析可知大部分IPO的確能吸引更多的投資人交易,平均而言,第二年新增14.2%的投資人交易,而且有43.8%的公司增加投資人交易;另外,61.5%的公司吸引更多的新投資人,只有39.4%的公司吸引更多的舊投資人。投資人增加的比率與持有期間超額報酬有關,這可以解釋為何上市公司以及交易所皆努力提升投資人基礎。另外,新投資人在市場較熱絡時增加較為顯著,而且較偏好報酬率波動較大的股票。 除了研究第二年投資人基礎增加的情形,本論文亦研究第一年的投資人在第二年的股票持有變化情形,如果投資人在第一年曾經持有該公司的股票,並於期末前賣掉,則第二年股票的持有期間超額報酬率愈高時,將吸引愈多的投資人繼續交易該股票;但是如果投資人在第一年期末持有該IPO股票,當股票的第二年持有期間超額報酬率愈高時,投資人會傾向賣掉手中持股。 第三章檢驗Merton (1987) ‘investor recognition hypothesis’,即公司增加愈多投資人基礎將降低因為資訊不完全所產生之資金成本,並增加公司的價值。相對於之前針對投資人基礎增加會降低資金成本的研究,本論文以交易該公司股票的投資人代表知道該股票的投資人基礎,此代理變數較先前研究更能代表“awareness of the firm”。利用市場模型,發現公司在第二年平均減少超額報酬率,若將樣本分成電子與非電子產業,仍然得到類似的結果。最後,本論文發現投資人變動的確能解釋異常報酬的變動,即符合Merton (1987) investor recognition hypothesis,此現象不論在產業分類或法人皆得到一致的結論。 / A unique dataset is analyzed in this study comprising of data obtained from the TSE transactions record database on trading activity for the 208 IPO firms. The investor’s identity can trace investor’s trading records. Thus, we can define new and old investors. Additionally, the identification of the type of investor (as either an individual or institutional investor) facilitates the examination of investor behavior for either type. From the analysis in the chapter 2, we can see that there is an increase over time in the number of investors which IPOs are able to attract. An increase of 14.2 percent is found in the mean number of investors per firm, while 43.8 percent of firms are found to experience increases in the overall number of investors from the first year to the second year after their initial listing. On average, the mean rate of increase for new investors is larger than that for old investors, with 61.5 percent of IPO firms experiencing increases in the total number of new investors, as compared to the 39.4 percent of firms which experience increases in old investors. The results reveal that the rate of increase in investors has a positive correlation with holding period excess returns (HPERs), which helps to explain why both firms and stock exchanges have such similar strong desires to see improvements in the overall number of investors. A significant increase in new investors is discernible in a ‘hot’ market, and in those firms with higher return volatility levels. Furthermore, all investors naturally prefer firms with higher returns. The analysis of the changes in the investor base suggests that if investors do not hold the stock in first year, then the higher the HPERs, the greater the overall increase in the total number of investors; however, where investors had previously held the relevant stocks, we find that they will tend to sell their winning stocks. Chapter 3 undertakes an examination of the Merton (1987) ‘investor recognition hypothesis’, in which he argues that an increase in the total number of investors with prior knowledge of a firm will ultimately lower the expected returns of investors by reducing the ‘shadow cost’ arising from the lack of knowledge on a particular security; the end result of this will invariably be an increase in the market value of the firm’s shares. In contrast to the prior studies, we employ the total number of traders to represent the awareness of any given firm among investors. We examine the reduction in the costs of equity capital associated with listing using the ‘market model’ to compute the abnormal returns, and find a decline in the average daily abnormal return in the second year. Similar patterns are discernible for firms in both the non-electronics and electronics industries. Finally, our test of the Merton (1987) investor recognition hypothesis is undertaken by regressing the firms’ average abnormal returns against the changes in the overall numbers of traders. The results confirm the association between investor recognition and the costs of capital.
2

新上市公司首次盈餘宣告與股價關連性之研究-以資訊電子業為例

蔡惠光 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要的研究目的即在驗證新上市之資訊電子業公司在其首次盈餘宣告事件發生時,是否會造成投資人的異常反應,而使得其股價有異常報酬的表現,又其盈餘表現是否與投資人的反應和其股價表現有正向的關係。 本研究主要是以資本資產定價模式(Capital Asset Pricing Model)所衍生出之市場模式(Market Model)作為模型,並以最小平方法為估計式進行實證分析,以日報酬率進行平均異常報酬與累積平均異常報酬率之分析與檢定。 本研究根據這些新上市資訊電子業公司的年度盈餘表現,將58家資訊電子業新上市之樣本公司分為三大部分,並以此三大部分為基礎,來進行實證研究,以驗證本研究推論。 根據本研究的實證分析結果,本研究發現以下現象: 1.對新上市之資訊電子業公司而言,在其實際盈餘優於預期盈餘時,投資人的確會對其盈餘表現有正面的評價,而其股價的確有顯著正的平均異常報酬率。 2.對新上市之資訊電子業公司而言,在其實際盈餘等同於預期盈餘的情況下,投資人對於其盈餘表現並不會有異常的反應,而其股價表現不具有顯著的平均異常報酬的現象。 3.當新上市資訊電子業公司在其實際盈餘劣於預期盈餘時,投資人會將其不佳的盈餘表現視為是短期現象,並仍看好其未來的成長潛力,故抵銷掉盈餘表現不佳所帶來的負面衝擊,所以其股價並不具有負的平均異常報酬率的表現。
3

上市後業績衰退與盈餘管理關係之研究 / The research between IPO and earning management

曾國禓, Tzeng, Kwo Yang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究觀察台灣新上市公司上市後業績衰退的特殊現象,並參酌有關國內股票上市的規定,及股市相配合之資訊與競爭環境,由求實性會計理論之推衍,以探討公司於上市後經營績效之惡化,是否係因公司若於上市前進行盈餘管理以利於上市申請之審查過程,然損益操縱有其限度、且上市後應計項目迴轉的結果。   為驗証上市後業績衰退與上市前盈餘管理之關聯,本研究以民國73年至民國81年於台灣証券交易所初次上市,而於上市後業績呈衰退之新上市公司,比較其上市前後之應計項目、與營業有關之應計項目及營業外損益之差異尺度是否顯著,以偵測衡量業績衰退之新上市公司於上市前是否進行盈餘管理,及其所使用之盈餘管理工具。實証結果顯示:   (1)業績衰退之新上市公司,上市前後總應計項目並未呈顯著差異。   (2)就與營業有關之應計項目,上市後業績衰退之公司,其上市前顯著大於上市後之平均水準;就上市前各年而言,上市前二年及上市前三年之與營業有關之應計項目顯著大於上市後。   (3)而營業外損益,業績衰退之樣本公司則有上市後顯著大於上市前的現象。   綜合上述實証結果,業績衰退之新上市公司應計項目,上市前後並無顯著差異,可能係公司進行損益平穩化的結果;進一步分析探討,與營業有關之應計項目及營業外損益,於上市前後呈相反方向之變動,且上市前後呈顯著之差異。由於與營業有關之應計項目,與營業外損益,於財務報表之揭露及使用者的分析方式上,皆具有不同的特性及意義。故而結論,公司於面臨不同的外在經濟環境壓力下,進行之損益操縱策略時,將會審慎考慮該經濟環境壓力之因素,俾達其預定目標。
4

訊號因子與上市時機對新上市公司價值影響之研究 / Signaling Factor,Hot Market and the Valuation of the Unseasoned New Issues

張恆勤, Chang,Hang Ching Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,股票市場已成為企業籌資的主要管道,然而,投資人與企業之間 存在資訊不對稱的現象,因此,企業主可利用訊號因子來放射資訊,以提 高上市時公司的價值,投資人亦可利用訊號來提高投資決策的正確性。本 研究以「內部人持股比率」「負債比率」及「審計人員品質」三種訊號因 子進行實証研究。此外,上市時機亦是企業上市的決策因素,其對公司價 值及訊號因子的影響亦為本研究討論的重點。以台灣新上市股票為樣本, 經由實証分析得出:一、「低報酬率群」的樣本,公司價值與內部人持股 比率呈正相關,與理論相符;但「高報酬率群」樣本不符合LP模式假說。 二、若以承銷價計算公司價值,負債比率與公司價值呈負相關;若以上市 後三十日至六十日平均市價價計算公司價值,負債比率與公司價值呈正相 關。表示承銷價有開始有被過份低估的現象,上市後訊號價值則逐漸反應 出來,因此,訊號放射理論成立。三、國內只有極優的會計師事務所訊號 效果明顯,其餘訊號效果模糊。四、在「發行熱市」上市股票,公司享有 較高的價值。五、在不同的上市時機,訊號因子對新上市股票的影響會產 生結構性的變化;尤其在發行熱市,訊號因子失去資訊放射的功能。顯示 投資人在股市過熱時,並不會去注意訊號因子來協助評定公司的價值。
5

上市前後公司經營績效、盈餘管理及財務預測修正行為關聯性之研究 / The Relationship among Change in Operationg Performance, Earning Management and the Revision of Mandatory Forcasts

李冠嶔, Lee, Kuan-Chin Unknown Date (has links)
論文提要 本研究目的在於探討新上市公司在申請上市時所編製的強制性財務預測與上市後業績變動及盈餘管理的相關性。 本研究採實證之方式,選取民國80年6月到86年底之新上市公司曾在上市當年及上市後三年內公告或更新財務預測者。利用迴歸分析、卡方分析、T檢定及Wilcoxon Rank Sum 檢定,而研究結果如下: 1. 由於新上市申請的相關規定,若公司預期本身經營績效不佳時,會提出較為樂觀之財務預測,以利上市審查。 2. 新上市公司上市後的經營績效變異程度與財務預測的過度樂觀程度呈現正相關,但是當樂觀程度定義為來自營業活動的現金流量時,並不顯著,可能是公司僅需注意營業毛利與稅前淨利是否達成,對現金流量之預測較沒有達成的壓力所致。 3. 新上市公司提出之強制性財務預測過於樂觀者在上市前盈餘管理之現象並不顯著,其可能原因在於本研究採用之盈餘管理定義僅限於與營業有關之裁決性應計項目,而無法看出公司利用其他項目來進行盈餘管理。 4. 上市前從事盈餘管理之公司,除了現金流量之準確度不明顯外,業績衰退和業績成長公司在財務預測準確度上明顯不同,但是在財務預測更新行為上並無顯荖不同。 5. 新上市公司面臨更新財務預測時,會傾向利用應計項目操縱來規避調整。 / The Relationship among Change in Operating Perfomance, Earning Management and the Revision of Mandatory Forecasts Abstract This research aims to examine the relationship among change in initial public offering firms, earning management and the revision of mandatory forecasts. This study contends that the forecast revisions should significantly correlate with changes in IPO's performance. The samples of this study range from June 30th, 1991 to December 31st , 1997. The empirical results of this study can be summarized as follows: O Due to related regulations, if IPO firms predict its insufficient operation performance, the mandatory forecasts of IPO firms are usually optimistic, for the convenience of examination. O The IPO firms' variation degree of operation efficiency and the over-optimistic forecasts are correlated positively. O If IPO firms' mandatory forecasts are over-optimistic, the earning management is not correlated significantly. O Before public offering, among the firms which manipulate earnings, there is significant difference between firms with declining performance and firms with growing performance. O When the IPO firms face revisions of forecasts, the firms would tend to manipulate accruals to avoid revisions.
6

台灣新上市櫃公司特徵對其首次現金增資時程及績效影響之探討 / Timing and Performance of First SEOs after IPOs

張飴芬 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討台灣上市櫃公司從事首次現金增資之決策受何種公司特徵所影響,並進一步探討進行其首次現金增資的宣告效果影響因素。 本研究針對1981年至2010年共30年期間於台灣上市上櫃之公司其首次現金增資之情形做為探討對象,採用Cox-proportional Hazard Regression檢定影響上市櫃公司進行首次現金增資時程之公司特徵。實證結果顯示,營收成長率越高、規模越大且獲利能力較差的公司會傾向越快進行首次現金增資。同時也針對上市櫃年度其市場情形加以探討,發現於市場處於熱市時上市櫃的公司傾向越快進行首次現金增資,顯示市場時機也會影響公司進行首次現金增資的決策。此外,對其首次現金增資之宣告效果進行迴歸分析同時以Heckman Two-Stage Model方法考慮樣本選擇偏誤之修正,結果發現規模越大的公司宣告效果越差而負債比率較大的公司宣告效果越佳。然而上市櫃後進行首次現金增資之時程與其增資宣告效果間則無顯著關係。 / This study examines how fast companies have their first seasonal equity offerings after their IPOs and further analyses the announcement effects of first SEOs. First, we adopt Cox-proportional Hazard Regression Model to see what firm characteristics make IPO firms decide to conduct first SEOs shortly after their IPOs. Using a sample of IPO firms in Taiwan from 1981 to 2010, we find firms that are larger, less profitable and higher growth potential would conduct their first SEOs faster. Also, market timing plays an important role for SEO decisions. Moreover, the announcement effect of their first SEOs shows that elapsed time to conduct first SEOs after IPOs has no influence on the cumulated abnormal returns. By correcting sampling bias, Heckman Two-Stage Model is adopted to reveal better explanation of the results.

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