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正負向未來思考、行為激發/抑制系統與憂鬱症狀間模式之初探 / The Exploratory Model of Positive and Negative Future Thinking, Behavioral Activation/Inhibition Systems, and Depressive Symptons胡肇勳 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文根據無望感的相關理論,以三種方式探討貝氏無望感量表內的正負向期待為一個概念的兩面,或是表徵兩種不同的概念。首先,本論文進行探索性與驗證性因素分析,以考驗一與二因素模式的模式適合度。再者,MacLeod與Byrne(1996)認為兩類未來思考對憂鬱症狀的影響是相互獨立運作,但可能有過於簡化的限制,故本論文提出四種的可能模式並加以檢驗。最後,根據Trew(2011)所提出的整合性模式,提出行為抑制與激發系統導致憂鬱症狀之兩種競爭模式,檢驗無望感或正負向未來思考在此模式中所扮演的中介角色,以及兩個系統之機制間有互動的可能性。主要的研究結果如下:(1)探索性與驗證性因素結果均支持貝氏無望感量表的二因素結構,並以正負向未來思考加以命名;(2)支持模式二的假設,負向未來思考為正向未來思考與憂鬱症狀間的部分中介變項,但正向未來思考並非是負向未來思考與憂鬱症狀間的部分中介變項;(3)競爭模式二具備較佳的模式適合度,支持Trew(2011)認為憂鬱症時須同時注意BAS與BIS各自不同影響途徑的觀點,亦彰顯正向未來思考的保護因子角色;(4)更重要的是,支持無望感量表中正負向期待內容應被視為兩種不同且各自存在的概念。最後並提出本論文研究限制與對憂鬱症的臨床理論與實務上之建議。 / This study investigated the relation between the positive and negative expectations assessed in Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) by three ways. First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the goodness of fit of one-factor and two-factor models. Besides, MacLeod and Byrne (1996) stated that two kinds of future thinkings influenced the depressive symptoms independently, but this statement had some limitations. Therefore, this study proposed four models to test the hypotheses. Based on Trew ‘s (2011) integrated model, two competing models illustrating the relations among BAS, BIS and depression were proposed to examine the mediation effect of hopelessness or future thinkings. The main results were: (1) the two-factor model of BHS was supported in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; (2) the second model was supported that negative future thinking was the partial mediator between depression and positive future thinking; (3) the competing model 2 had the better goodness of fit, supporting that BAS and BIS had important but different pathways to influence the development of depression, and positive future thinking played the protective role in this process; (4) Most importantly, the perspective that the positive and negative expectations assessed in BHS should be treated as two different kinds of constructs respectively was supported. Finally, the limitations of this study and the suggestions for the theories and clinical treatment of depression were discussed.
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說與不說的背後真相?未來時間觀對調節焦點、意見表達行為之影響:知覺心理安全氛圍之調節效果 / The Truth Behind Voice and Silence? The Influence of Future Time Perspective on Regulatory Focus and Opinion Expression Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Psychological Safety Climate黃上銘, Huang, Shang Ming Unknown Date (has links)
在全球化的背景下,企業間的競爭變得愈加劇烈,需要員工提供寶貴的意見想法,方能幫助組織成長與發展,因此瞭解員工說與不說的背後原因,便顯得更加重要。本研究以社會情緒選擇理論(socioemotional selectivity theory, SST)理論為基礎,並以兩種未來時間觀:開放式未來時間觀(open-ended future time perspective)與限制式未來時間觀(limited future time perspective)分類方式進行探討,期望進一步瞭解其對兩種員工意見表達行為:建言行為(voice behavior)與沉默行為(silence behavior)的影響效果,以及兩種調節焦點:促進性焦點(promotion focus)、預防性焦點(prevention focus)在其中所扮演的中介角色。同時,本研究探討知覺心理安全氛圍(perceived psychological safety climate)對未來時間觀與意見表達行為間關係的調節效果。本研究採問卷調查法施測,共蒐集249對員工-同事對偶樣本。研究結果顯示:(一)開放式未來時間觀與促進性建言呈顯著正相關;開放式未來時間觀與抑制性建言未具有顯著相關;限制式未來時間觀與沉默行為呈顯著正相關;(二)調節焦點並未中介未來時間觀與意見表達行為間之關係;(三)知覺心理安全氛圍並未調節未來時間觀與意見表達行為間關係。最後,針對研究結果,進一步討論理論與實務意涵、研究限制與未來研究方向。 / This study is based on the socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), and has three objectives: First, to assess the effect of future time perspective (open-ended / limited) on opinion expression behavior (voice / silence). Second, to test the mediating role of regulatory focus (promotion / prevention) in the relationship between the future time perspective and the opinion expression behavior. Third, to examine the moderating role of perceived psychological safety climate on the relationship of future time perspective and opinion expression behavior. The results collected of 249 valid dyad (employee-colleague) pair showed that (1) open-ended future time perspective was positively related to promotive voice behavior, but not to prohibitive voice behavior; limited future time perspective was positively related to silence behavior. (2) regulatory focus did not mediate the relationship between future time perspective and opinion expression behavior. (3) no support was found for the expected moderating role of perceived psychological safety climate in the future time perspective—opinion expression behavior relationship. Finally, the study’s implications for theory and practice are discussed, its limitations are identified, and directions for future research are suggested.
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領導才能、決策品質、工作生活品質、身心健康、幸福感、組織競爭力與績效之相關研究 / The Research of Leaders’Competency, Quality of Decision, Quality of Work Life, Mental and Physical Health, Well-Being, Organizational Competitiveness and Performance.王立璇 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的在於以Sternberg的WICS模式、以及Hamel與Prahalad的競爭大未來思維為出發點,探討當領導者具備智慧、實用智力、分析智力、創造力、以及競爭大未來思維時,是否能制定較佳的決策,進而影響到員工的工作生活品質、身心健康、與幸福感,最終則對於組織競爭力與組織績效產生影響。此外,本研究也檢驗「領導競爭力之整合模式」,以協助企業組織進行診斷與改善。
本研究以問卷蒐集資料,並採用便利取樣,共蒐集417位員工的有效樣本,與經過信度、效度、與因素分析的檢驗,再進行變項間的關係探討。統計分析結果顯示,本研究多數量表皆具有良好的內部一致性信度(.93~.97)與效標關聯效度(.14~.88)。此外,本研究以階層迴歸分析與結構方程模式驗證本研究假設,研究結果顯示:1. 領導者智慧、領導者智力、領導者創造力、與競爭大未來思維,對於領導者決策品質具有正向顯著影響;2. 領導者決策品質對員工工作生活品質具有正向顯著影響;3. 員工工作生活品質對於員工身心健康具有正向顯著影響;4. 員工身心健康對於員工幸福感具有正向顯著影響;5. 員工幸福感對於組織競爭力具有正向顯著影響;6. 組織競爭力對於組織績效具有正向顯著影響;7. 領導者智慧、領導者智力、領導者創造力、與競爭大未來思維,對於組織績效具有正向顯著影響;8. 本研究之領導競爭力整合模式獲得支持。
最後,本研究提出未來之研究建議,以期未來研究能以更完善的研究設計,獲得更完整的領導競爭力之全貌,同時,亦提出本研究之實務應用建議,以作為企業組織診斷與發展的重要參考。
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