成書於北宋末之禪林瑰寶《碧巖集》（一稱《碧巖集》），由臨濟宗將圓悟克勤評唱 。其書融禪門教學模式與表現體裁、禪門要旨於一爐，被尊為「宗門第一書」。 是書之研究目的，乃在於透過語言形式之觀察，探索《碧巖集》之風格特質。而研究 文獻《碧巖集》，由於世傳元刊張明遠本多有錯簡，筆者乃重加點校，以為論文寫作 之資（見附錄）。 是書之研究方法，乃自結構語言學的棋向構詞分析著手，復擴展至縱向的聯想關係， 層層深入語意、修辭、文體、宗風等內涵之研究。而內涵意象之探索，又植基於構詞 之結構關係。是書之研究內容與成果，首先乃由詞彙的共時、歷時研究中，觀察《碧 巖集》中，近古漢語文白過渡階段之風格特質。其次，經由同義、近義組及反義、對 比組之詞義分析，發現《碧巖集》之常用語意組，多為極具近古白話特質的俗詞或俚 諺，適可印證上述文白交融之風格現象。在修辭風格方面，重心乃在《碧巖集》中常 見之排比對偶、隱喻象徵、示現倒反；而文體風格方面，乃就《碧巖集》之公案、示 眾、著語、評唱文體，進行不同語境下，不同詞彙、語法風格之探索。並了解其與歷 來禪典及禪門教學模式之傳承關係。而「宗風特質」之研究，乃偏重於是書中，禪師 的言語設施所反映之風格特質。 「花落碧巖、陽坡如繡」。希藉由《碧巖集》語言形式特質之分析，呈顯近古禪錄之 語言現象與禪家教學法中應答之機鋒與表現體裁，並藉《碧巖集》版本之點校，聊為 拋磚引玉及後續研究之資。

本研究旨在探討「傳統字義生詞教學法」和「構詞法輔以常用詞根之生詞教學法」對台灣的法語學習者學習和記憶法語生詞的差異，希望能在生詞教學上，提供另一個不同於傳統生詞教學而且更為有效的方法。 本研究的主要發現如下：1)接受「構詞法輔以常用詞根之生詞教學法」的受試者(實驗組)比接受「傳統字義生詞教學法」的受試者(對照組)在生詞的短期記憶和長期記憶上，均有較佳的表現。2)實驗組的辨別字義和拼字能力也比對照組佳。3)在字彙量、短期記憶與長期記憶的相關性上，短期記憶較佳者，也有較好的長期記憶表現。 / The purpose of the study is to investigate the different effects of the traditional definition-based teaching method and the morphological approach via commonly-used roots on Taiwanese French learners’ vocabulary acquisition and memorization. It is hoped that the results of the study can provide an alternative to traditional vocabulary teaching in French. First of all, an on-line questionnaire which investigated the teaching situation of French vocabulary in Northern Taiwan was administered. Then, the subjects in this study involve 115 nonnative French majors at National Central University and Fu Jen University, including 57 seniors and 58 sophomores. The seniors were divided into experimental and the control groups, while the sophomores were also divided into experimental and the control groups. The experimental groups received the morphological approach via commonly-used roots, and the control groups received the traditional definition-based teaching method. In the beginning, the experimental and control groups took the same French vocabulary pre-test to examine their vocabulary size. Then, after receiving different instruction, the subjects were immediately asked to take post-test 1, which investigated their short-term memory for words. Two weeks later, post-test 2 was conducted to check the subjects’ long-term memory for words. The results of the study reveal that the experimental groups have better short-term memory for words and long-term memory for words than the control groups, regardless of the subjects’ language proficiency. With regard to the effect of learning new words, both the experimental groups and the control groups made progress after receiving the instruction. After two weeks, the experimental groups showed no regression on the vocabulary post-test. Furthermore, the experimental groups performed better than the control groups on both word spelling and word meaning, and in general, the subjects’ short-term memory for words was correlated with their long-term memory for words.

本論文依McCarthy和Prince (1990, 1993)所提出的韻律構詞理論，探討四種台閩語重疊詞（即：動詞、四音節部分重疊詞、雙音節形容詞及象聲詞）。對僅適用於述補及並列複合動詞的重疊構詞方式，做了深入分析。分析顯示，抑揚格音步複合動詞，會複製帶有重音的最後一個音節做為重疊詞素，附加於詞尾；而揚抑格音步複合動詞，則會複製帶有重音的第一個音節做為重疊詞素，附加於詞頭。以最佳選擇理論可以清楚說明以上所論證的重疊構詞方式。 四音節部分重疊詞是由並列複合詞和重疊詞這兩組詞素組成。在深層結構中，這兩組詞素分屬兩層。透過居問的基架層，這兩組詞素穿插交織成複雜式並列複合詞。McCarthy (1981)所提出的詞素分層假說，正可以用來呈現這種構詞方式。 雙音節形容詞有兩種重疊類型:ABAB和AABB。論文中指出AABB的派生方式是把ABAB中間兩個音節的位置對調。這種重疊構詞過程，將以基模構詞模式及最佳選擇理論清楚呈現。 象聲詞的擬聲部分，是山一組重疊的聲母和兩個韻母這兩組詞素所構成。這兩組詞素是以聲韻基模為中介所交織而成。以這種方式派生出來的雙音節象聲詞，可以再經由和雙音節形容詞相同的方式，重疊為AABB的形式。論文中以詞素分層假說和基模構詞模式呈現這類構詞過程。此外，雙音節形容詞和象聲詞重疊形式中的一個音節或聲母，可能會由另一個音節或聲母取代，來派生新詞。論文申以McCarthy和Prince (1990)所提出的「音律替換」呈現這種取代的過程。 / This thesis explores four kinds of reduplicated words in Taiwan Min (i.e. verbs, quadrisyllablic partial reduplicated words, disyllabic adjectives and onomatopoetic words) within the framework ofprosodic morphology proposed by McCarthy and Prince (1990, 1993). The reduplication process used only in resultative and coordinate compound verbs is thoroughly investigated. This investigation shows that an iambic foot compound verb will copy its stressed final syllable as a reduplicant and a suffix, while a trochaic foot word will copy its stressed first syllable as a reduplicant and a prefix. This argumentative reduplication can be clearly accounted for by optimality theory. Quadrisyllable partial reduplicated words consist of two parts: one is coordinate compound and the other reduplicated word. These two parts exist in different tiers in the deep structure. They interweave to form a complicated compound through a skeletal tier in between. The morpheme tier hypothesis proposed by McCarthy (1981) is employed to show how this type of words are formed. Disyllabic adjectives have two different categories of reduplication: ABAB and AABB. The writer argues that AABB is derived from ABAB by metathesis of the two syllables in the middle. The process of this reduplication can be explicitly shown in terms of template morphology and optimality theory. The core of onomatopoetic words is constructed from two sets of morphemes: a reduplicated onset morpheme and a morpheme with two rimes. These two are put together through an intermediate onset and rime tier (OR template). The disyllabic onomatopoetic words derived in this way can undergo reduplication in the same way as the second type of disyllabic adjectives, i.e. AABB. The writer adopts morpheme tier hypothesis and template morphology to represent these morphological processes. Moreover, another syllable or onset may replace a syllable or an onset of a reduplicated form of disyllabic adjectives or onomatopoetic words. The replacement process is represented by 'Melodic Overwriting* proposed by McCarthy and Prince (1990).

新詞反映在某一段時間、在某一個社會環境的變遷下所產生的新事物、新概念和新觀念，從新詞的內容和其形式方面來看，它具有相當鮮明的時代性特色。本文針對現代漢語新詞進行研究，首先，使用「地區」的概念，以「台灣地區」和「大陸地區」通行的漢語新詞為主要的研究對象，分析漢語共同語中新詞的特點。其次，本文中現代漢語新詞的範圍還包括「港澳地區」和「新加坡地區」通行的漢語新詞，透過討論這兩個地區廣為流傳的新詞，了解漢語新詞在不同地區之差異。本文所舉的漢語新詞實例，主要是以收錄於新詞詞典的新詞為主，也包含各種專書和期刊論文及報章雜誌中的新詞。 本研究共分為六章，各章的核心內容如下： 第一章 〈緒論〉，說明本文的研究動機與目的，新詞之界定與範圍，以及研究範圍與方法。 第二章 〈現代漢語新詞形成之背景及當前研究狀況〉，在進入現代漢語新詞的正式範圍之前，本章以海峽兩岸地區為主，來說明現代漢語新詞形成之背景。並回顧當前兩岸學者們對新詞的研究，以及漢語新詞詞典的出版狀況。 第三章 〈現代漢語新詞之類型及其構詞形式〉，針對現代漢語新詞，分析討論其類型及構詞形式的種類。 第四章 〈現代漢語新詞之發展傾向及其功用〉，探討現代漢語新詞之類型及其構詞形式，整理出現代漢語新詞之數種發展趨勢，並討論現代漢語新詞對語言文化與社會發展產生了哪些作用。 第五章 〈現代漢語新詞在不同地區之差異及其規範問題〉，主要討論在香港和新加坡地區通行的漢語新詞和其特點，並進一步討論現代漢語新詞的規範問題。 第六章 〈結論〉，歸納整理現代漢語新詞的特點，並提出一些對未來漢語新詞研究之展望。 如今，隨著中國大陸經濟的崛起，現代漢語，在國際社會上已成為相當重要的全球語言。因此，本文強調及時整理漢語新詞的重要性，以及未來建立一個全球性現代漢語語料庫的必要性。本文希望透過對現代漢語新詞的整理，以梳理新詞所產生的社會狀況及詞彙本身的演變過程。此外，隨著科學的進步和社會的發展變化，新詞也以前所未有的速度大量湧現，希望語言研究者能繼續關注漢語新詞的產生及發展變化，讓漢語新詞的研究能有更蓬勃的發展及更為傑出的表現。

滿語是滿族所使用的語言，在清代又被稱為清語或國語。滿語在語言上被分類為阿爾泰語系，在本論文中提及滿語的研究主要分為清代的滿語研究以及近代的滿語研究，清代的滿語研究著重自身的觀察或是承襲部分前人的作品，當時的虛字，有時指的是構詞的範圍，但也有屬於句法或是語音的部分，即使如此，清代滿語語法的珍貴在於能充分表現出當時人的想法。近代的研究者，學習了語言學當中，以印歐語言為研究主體的邏輯概念，試圖以他種語言建立出的理論，與滿語這個研究載體進行對話，然而滿語不一定完全符合由印歐語言建立出來的語言學架構，因此在這些架構之間，滿語的研究者進行各自滿語理論的表述，因為每個研究者切入的角度與點的不同，讓滿語研究的結果更加多元。本論文的貢獻與價值在於，將各種清代傳統滿語語法書的語法描述重新加以研究比對，過去的研究中大多只針對單一著作進行研究，而本論文將各種能尋得之語法著作全面蒐錄，並參酌中、日、韓、美、德、俄等國的滿語重要研究經典，互相參酌比較，並與當代滿語語言學研究進行比較，進行初步的比對分析，嘗試將傳統語法的內容，提出一個方便解釋且容易理解的體系性研究。

本文主要是探討漢語短語及詞彙層次的輕聲現象。關於短語性的輕聲，鄭良偉先生(1989)是從句法的觀點來分析，本文則採用韻律体系理論來探討。我們提議了一組焦點詞語的原則及幾個相關的制約。此外，我們從蕭宇超先生(1991 & 1994)的韻板計數理論來觀察輕聲的節奏問題，因而修訂了虛詞音板指派及音板連接方向的原則，也建議了一條抵輔音板加入的規則。 　　關於詞彙性的輕聲，我們採用McCarthy及Prince(1986)的構詞規型理論及Kiparsky(1973 & 1982)，Mohanan(1982 & 1986)的字構音韻學理論來探討此一現象。我們建議了詞彙性的輕聲基本上運作於楊抑格音步，然而抵輔調卻運作於抑楊格音步。觀察了相關的音韻及構詞規則，我們也發現到文獻上輕聲的語料可由層級的觀念來分析。 / This thesis deals with neutral tone sandhi in Mandarin Chinese at the phrasal and lexical levels. Previous research of the phrasal neutral tone, e.g., R. Cheng (1989), has focused only at the syntactic level. In this research, we employ prosodic theories (Selkirk (1984 & 1986), Nespor and Vogel (1986), etc.) to condition phrasal neutral tone sandhi, and propose a set of focal phrasing principles and a couple of relevant constraints. In addition, we discuss the rhythm of neutral tone under the framework of the beat-counting theory (Hsiao, 1991 & 1994) to see in what ways the theory has to be modified. We propose a pair of revised principles of functor beat assignment and directional beat adjunction, along with a backup rule of the default beat addition. 　　As to neutral tone at the lexical level, we incorporate morphological template theory (McCarthy and Prince (1986)), and lexical phonology theory (Kiparsky (1973 & 1982), Mohanan (1982 & 1986), etc.). We propose that lexical neutral tone target a trochaic foot template, while a default tone target an iambic foot template. Observing the relevant phonological and morphological rules, we find that the neutral-toned data in the literature can be somehow generalized by way of level ordering.

本研究旨在探討「以常用詞根輔以圖像構詞式詞彙教學法」、「常用詞根無圖像構詞式詞彙教學法」及傳統的「詞義說明式詞彙教學法」在學生的詞彙記憶上的差異；本研究亦探討學生的英文詞彙量、構詞察覺度、短期記憶、長期記憶及拼詞能力之間的相關。 本研究的主要發現如下：接受「以常用詞根輔以圖像構詞式詞彙教學法」的學生比接受「常用詞根無圖像構詞式詞彙教學法」及傳統的「詞義說明式詞彙教學法」的學生表現出更好的構詞察覺度、短期記憶、長期記憶及拼詞能力。在這三組中，構詞察覺度較高的學生對生詞有較佳的短期記憶與長期記憶能力，反之亦然；在詞彙記憶方面，短期記憶力較佳則長期記憶力也是較佳，反之亦然；並且，一星期後的後測分數比較高的學生在一個月後的後後測分數也會比較高；再者，詞彙的短期記憶與學生英文詞彙量的差異無關，因為學生所記住的生詞都可以持續短暫的時間，但不一定能長久記憶。 / This study aims to investigate the discrepancy in the use of the iconic-morphological approach via commonly-used roots, the non-iconic morphological approach via commonly-used roots, and the traditional definition-based teaching method in vocabulary memorization. It also explores the correlation between English vocabulary size, awareness of morphology, short-term memory for words, long-term memory for words, and vocabulary spelling abilities. The subjects of this study are 91 third-year students studying at the National Overseas Chinese Experimental Senior High School in Taipei County. They received instruction in the iconic-morphological approach via commonly-used roots, the non-iconic morphological approach via commonly-used roots, and the traditional definition-based teaching method, respectively. In the beginning, the three groups took the same pre-test to examine their vocabulary size. Then, subjects were immediately asked to take post-test 1 to examine their awareness of morphology after receiving different instructions. Later, subjects were asked to memorize forty unknown words within twenty minutes and then to take post-test 2 to investigate their short-term memory for words. A week later, post-test 3 was held to check their long-term memory for words. A month later, they sat for post-test 4, used to explore their longer-term memory for the forty words. In conclusion, the study summarizes the main findings pertinent to the proposed research questions. The students who receive instruction in the iconic-morphological approach via commonly-used roots finally develop higher awareness of morphology, better short-term memory for words, better long-term memory for words, and better spelling ability than those who learn in the traditional definition-based approach or in the non-iconic morphological approach via commonly-used roots. Among the three groups, the students who display higher awareness of morphology have better short-term memory and long-term memory for words, and vice versa. Moreover, those who have better short-term memory have better long-term memory, and vice versa; those who have better one-week long-term memory for words definitely have better one-month long-term memory for words. Interestingly, students can learn words by rote for a short period of time regardless of their vocabulary size. That is, one person’s short-term memory for words is not correlated with his vocabulary size.

本論文旨在探討閩南語的三種變調: (1)形容詞重疊變調 , (2) -a後綴變調,和 (3) 輕聲變調. 形容詞重疊變調是在 McCarthy & Prince (1986, 1990) 等人所發展出來的韻律構詞學( Prosodic Morphology) 理論框架下重新分析. 作者認為形容詞三疊是由抑揚格音步前綴而來, 而不是江文瑜教授(1992)所說的音節後綴; 此外,聲調扮演了構詞功能的角色. -a 後綴變調則是運用字構音韻學( Lexical Phonology)理論來分析的. 根據黃宣範教授(1988) 和連金發先生(1995)對-a後綴構詞特性的分類, 作者將-a後綴重新分為六類. 再觀察它們與音韻規則的互動關係, 主張-a後綴構應分屬於三個字構層次中, 此理論的層級排列( Level Ordering) 和嚴格循環論( Strict Cyclicity)也在本章獲得證實. 輕聲變調是採用韻律音韻學(Prosodic Phonology) 來分析的. 作者認為輕聲有兩個規律: 浮游低調展延和原調展延, 且運作於一個(強起)( left-leaded)的音韻片語中, 如此一來,簡化了煩雜的青聲句法結構. 兩個輕聲規律的不同展現於展延節點,方向,屬性,音節數目等方面. 本章的分析技巧也支持了韻律體係在語言系統中的必要性 / This thesis explores three kinds of special tone sandhi in Southern Min: (i) reduplicated adjective tone sandhi, (ii) -a suffix tone sandhi, and (iii)neutral tone sandhi. Reduplicated adjective tone sandhi is analyzed within the framework of prosodic morphology (McCarthy and Prince 1986, 1990). Unlike Chiang's (1992)suffix syllable template, the author argues that AAA is reduplicated by theprefixation of an iambic template.Following Yip (1980), tone may play a morphological role. -a suffix is discussed from the perspective of lehor argues that AAxical phonology. According to the morphological functions figured from Lien (1995) and Huang (1988), six categories of the suffix -a are distinguished. Through the interactions of morphological and phonological rules, the concepts of levelordering and strict cyclicity in lexical phonology are proved necessary in this language. Neutral tone sandhi is investigated in terms of prosodic phonology. Theauthor argues that the domain of neutral tone sandhi is a left-headed phonological phrase, which is more economical than previous syntactic approaches (Cheng 1968; Hong 1995). There are two neutral tone rules: thefloting low tone spreading and the base tone spreading. They are differentin spreading node, direction, order and so on. The analysis supports Yip'stwo-tiered tonal geometry andcallsfor the need of prosodic Hierachy in thelinguistic system.