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電視新聞字幕對閱聽人處理新聞資訊的影響呂愛麗 Unknown Date (has links)
研究主要探討電視新聞字幕的數量及新聞屬性對閱聽人的新聞內容辨識及回憶程度的影響。研究結果顯示,收看低程度字幕的具體/圖像新聞的受試者的新聞內容辨識程度比收看低程度字幕的抽象/文字新聞的受試者好;這證實具體的影像或圖像確實對閱聽人辨認新聞內容有正面幫助。
受試者在收看新聞時對字幕的注意程度,以及不同程度的注意會否影響新聞內容辨識及回憶程度是本研究另一個研究目的。結果顯示,收看抽象/文字新聞,高程度字幕組的受試者,他們對跑馬燈的注意程度與新聞內容辨識程度呈現正相關,這表示越注意跑馬燈內容的受試者,新聞內容辨識程度越好;對地標的注意程度與新聞內容回憶程度則呈現負相關,顯示越不注意地標的受試者,新聞回憶程度越不好。至於低程度字幕組的受試者,他們對地標的注意程度與新聞內容辨識程度呈現正相關,這表示他們越注意地標,其新聞內容辨識程度越好。
性別是否對新聞內容辨識及回憶程度有影響也是本研究探討的一部分。研究結果顯示只有收看抽象/文字新聞,低程度字幕組的男受試者與女受試者的回憶程度有顯著差異,而且男受試者比女受試者好。
從各項研究結果的呈現足以發現,在統計上有顯著差異的都涉及抽象/文字新聞,無論是針對新聞屬性、對字幕的注意程度、或者性別,這顯示或許字幕的數量並不是影響閱聽人記憶的充分條件,新聞屬性才是關鍵。換言之,電視新聞製作人在製作字幕,或者設計鏡面上,美學不應該是唯一考量的因素,必須將新聞屬性納入考慮,配合不同的設計,對閱聽人學習電視新聞才能達到正面幫助。
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懷舊圖像的消費——以小草藝術學院明信片為例吳靖雯, Jing-Wen, Wu Unknown Date (has links)
每個時代都有懷舊的情形,不同世代有各自的懷舊事物。由於商業及媒體科技的發達,圖像的大量聚集成為一種奇觀,視覺文化營造出懷舊商品的主要氛圍。物件做為一種溝通媒介,被賦予其所屬時代的文化目的,使得人與人之間建立某種社會關係,即社會文化群體的集體記憶活動。
因著集體記憶的中介,這些重現舊日事物的商品是聯繫到時代感覺的依據。在懷舊中獲得實在與延續感,滿足個人認同和歸屬的需要。個人消費受到環境脈絡的影響,表現出整體性消費型態的特徵,除了真實記憶的召喚外,另一種促力便來自於想像力的發揮,讓即使沒有經歷過去某些時代的人們,但因大眾媒體所放送傳佈各種懷舊文本,讓後來的人能夠共享、共感那個時代的集體記憶,建構出具備某個時空特色的異國情調。缺乏能夠具體指涉的經驗細節,反而使懷舊想像成為可能。
本研究以懷舊消費為主題,先探討懷舊的意義與本質,並援引詹明信、哈伯瓦克與布希亞的觀點,探索世代集體記憶,是如何影響懷舊產品相關的消費行為;在後現代與晚期資本主義的脈絡下,懷舊圖像符號的大量生產流通,又是如何被人們使用與解讀。
在文獻理論的耙梳之後,研究者採取深度訪談的方式,瞭解實際上各個消費者的購買動機及認知態度。經過整理分析發現,消費不僅是單純的購買行為,而能具備反身性思考,依照人們的觀念產生各種社會及文化意義,亦為不同世代自我陳述的方式之一。
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年輕媽媽的壓迫與突破:母職的探究 / Oppression and transgression of teenagers mothers: the study of motherhood許雅荃, Hsu, Ya Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
傳統台灣社會女性結婚、生育年齡較早;但隨著時代改變,初婚平均年齡隨之升高,年輕媽媽懷孕事件層出不窮,導致年輕媽媽成為現今社會的特殊議題。由於社會及媒體的渲染使得年輕媽媽生育事件引起許多負面觀感,無論今昔社會都需承擔外在輿論、評判及污名化。正值青春年華卻遇到人生衝擊的轉捩點,在抉擇困難下,同時承擔起重大的責任。道德的衝擊與充滿變數的未來不斷拉扯,年輕媽媽所承受的壓力遠遠超乎常人想像。在年輕媽媽懷孕至生育的過程裡,隱藏著許多權力關係及文化背景的操控。
本研究運用半結構訪談蒐集研究資料,檢視年輕媽媽的生命歷程,描繪母職實踐的方式與分析不同母職類型,透過遇到的阻礙與困境,檢視社會對她們的污名,重構年輕媽媽母職圖像。研究個案非透過社福機構及相關單位,乃由研究者周遭同儕、社群網路介紹所取得,共四位年輕媽媽。本研究聚焦的問題及研究發現分為三大類別:
1. 綜觀心路歷程的體悟:年輕媽媽皆在家中感受不到溫暖及關愛,選擇離家,對於愛情的懵懂意外懷孕,最終選擇生育。未婚的年輕媽媽則要承擔起一切的重擔;已婚的年輕媽媽則要適應公婆、迎合新生活。
2. 年輕媽媽的母職圖像:年輕媽媽因事件不同對於母職態度的呈現有積極與消極的區隔,在教育孩子層面以干預程度的高低分為高控制與低控制兩種類型。
3. 母職角色的挑戰:年輕媽媽會以生活經驗、被教養的經歷及子女的個別差異來決定代間傳遞的教養方式;代間傳遞的教養可區分為連續性、不完全性及不連續性代間教養這三種型態。
本研究的發現提供年輕媽媽更有意識地覺知生命歷程的壓迫與突破,並發展出更切合環境脈絡的母職圖像。
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毛澤東形象之建構黃淑嫆, Huang, Shu Jung Unknown Date (has links)
毛澤東做為中華人民共和國創建後的第一位最高領導人,自他崛起以至逝世為止,被建構出的形象若說沒有任何變化,那是匪夷所思的事。本論文以創作於1929年的目前所知最早論及毛澤東形象的小說為起始,以1976年毛澤東逝世這一事件為終點,從版畫、油畫、年畫、宣傳畫、雕像、像章、郵票等圖像,以及小說、民歌、中共黨史編纂學等與毛澤東相關的媒體,較全面地探討他於這段時期的公眾形象。
1930年代末至1940年代,隨著毛澤東權力的擴張、整風的進行以及國共關係的變化等,毛澤東被形塑成可與蔣介石相抗衡的新領袖人物,而其「救星」形象也使傳統對神靈的崇拜轉移到了毛澤東和其領導的黨身上,使毛澤東像代替了農村家庭中供奉的神像。1949年以後,中共傾國家之力,逐步建構起一套關於毛澤東的新信仰體系,最終並演化成文革時期的造神運動。在這過程中,各式各樣的稱號、形容詞被冠冕在毛澤東身上,他的形象逐漸被加載了更為繁雜的政治符號,並以各種物化的樣貌展現在眾人面前。
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網站文本中的符號運作:以房地產建案網站為例 / The Signifying Process of Real-estate Website Texts: A Structural Semiotic Analysis謝雅如, Hsieh, Ya-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
網路的普及使得大眾越來越依賴網站資訊,作為消費依據。網路的超鏈結功能可讓瀏覽者任意跳接文本,這使得網路文本的核心意義流動不定;對於把網站作為重要傳播銷售工具的企業來說,該如何將網站的訊息正確地傳達給瀏覽者是重要議題之一。本研究挪用並調整法國符號學者Roland Barthes提出的圖文兼具的廣告文本研究取徑,據以分析房地產建案網站的文本,希冀能發掘網站文本中的符號意義指涉及其運作形式。本文發現,經由刻意的設計,網路文本限制了意義可能的開展,運用圖文符號的預設意義功能、以及情境意義功能等,將建案網站的核心意義保持單一,以方便建案行銷人員進行行銷推廣活動。 / We have entered an era in which hypertext has become a major information source for the audience. Hypertext allows the Internet surfers customize reading path based on their personal interests. However, the infinite hyperlinks between web-pages pose a challenge to marketing and advertising professionals. The study intends to describe the signifying process of the website texts based on Roland Barthes’ image-text analytical approach. We first appropriate Barthes’ analytical method by taking the features of websites into consideration. Secondly, we choose three real-estate websites and analyze the signifying process of these web messages. We conclude that commercial websites frames website viewers’ perception by utilizing the anchorage and relay functions proposed by Barthes. That is, the meanings of samples under this study are limited to a single voice so as to strengthen the persuasion effects.
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背德的聖像---論恥感情緒對西方近現代繪畫美學之影響 / Immoral Icons:A Study of the Influence of Shame Emotion on the Aesthetics of Western Modern Painting李雅琪, Lee, Ya-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
此篇論文研究以恥感情緒作為創作手法的七位重要畫家庫爾培、馬內、克林姆、羅特列克、畢卡索、馬格利特、以及培根,分析此一時期現象之因,其發展形式為何,探討恥感圖像的延續脈絡與終極目標,以及對繪畫藝術史進程有何獨特意義。對照特定創作圖像的恥感意識之源,與畫家人格與作品之社會回饋,了解畫家所開創之藝術性影響。筆者以分析理論基礎、視覺與美學理論、畫家專述三大部份的文獻資料,探索畫家重大生命事件與社會氛圍,以研究西洋近現代繪畫史中獨特的發展時期,發現恥感圖像,為畫家逃避現實的另類語法,恥感情緒於畫面的舒展,深深地影響了西方近現代繪畫,並成為當代廣為接受的形式。
此外,恥感圖像的意義遠遠超越現今世人的理解,它構成一種藝術家用以昇華羞恥、執筆表達複雜人生的特殊圖型語言。然而恥感圖像所顯現之恥感,並非真實之恥感,一如圖像並非即為真實,而是現實的再次呈現,以至於重複的再現。恥感圖像或非純然為描繪淫穢下流的現實存有,而是體現了諸如想像、壓抑、慾望、與顛倒夢想的奇異幻境與情色妄念。然而,足以確信的是:任何一種源自於恥感情緒的圖像,所見皆為人類意識所創生,並以獨立渠徑,或其它相互關聯的方式,在獨特的繪畫美學中顯現其存在,成為文化與藝術史中砂磧涓滴的一部分。 / This thesis studies the shame emotions as an important creative technique used by seven famous artists: Gustave Courbet, Édouard Manet, Gustav Klimt, Henri Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec, Pablo Picasso, René François Ghislain Magritte, and Francis Bacon. The researcher aims to analyze the origin of this phenomenon in this period and the form of development of the shame images. The researcher also discusses the extensile sequence and ultimate goal of the shame images, and the special meanings to the process of the history of painting. By comparing the sources of the shame feelings of the specific creative images, realizing the social feedback of painters’ personalities and their works, the researcher tries to understand artistic effects created by the artists. Moreover, the researcher explores the artists’ important life events and the social atmosphere as the theoretical basis to learn the visual and aesthetic theories, painters’ documents, and this unique period of history of western modern art. And find that the shame image is the alternative linguist for artists to escape. Using the shame emotions to compose the picture had been influencing the western modern painting deeply, and becomes a popular art form contemporary.
Furthermore, inner part of the shame images had deeper and more fascinating meanings and associations than we now realize. They made up a language of pattern used by artists to convey ideas about complex human life by the path of the sublimation of ashamed. The shame images show us the shame not the shame itself. Images are not the things shown but are representation thereof: re-representation. What shame images represent may otherwise not exist in the indecent reality and may instead be confined to the realm of imagination, depress, desire, dream, or sexual fantasy. And yet, of course, any image from the shame emotion exists as an object within the aesthetic of painting that it in one way or another engage, what we see is the product of human consciousness, itself part and parcel of culture and history of art.
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「門面」—戰後臺北城門的國族建構 / Façade : Nation-Building on Post-War Taipei City Gate柯惠于, Ke, Huei Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本文以法律圖像學為方法,就臺北古城門的興築、改建以及當代的文化意義為主題,探討建築風貌與國族建構間的關聯。本文的前半部先就法律圖像學國內外具體應用的事例為簡介,並以臺北城建城的歷史發展脈絡為主軸,分期討論建城時期臣民與主權者的互動模式,日治時期市區改正與史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法下,現代國家對空間的支配的干預以及鄉國保護概念的衝突。
論文的後半部,則先簡介古物保存法下「重古物,輕古蹟」的時代背景,以及其對後續主政者修復歷史建築的具體影響,進一步探討當時臺北城門等歷史建築是如何受到中華文化復興運動的「波及」。當國民政府選擇都市景觀和建築為手段,以權力穿透空間,改變臺北地景的風貌,將東洋都城轉變為皇城地貌的現代都市時,其中隱含的現代化、國族認同與焦慮又是如何交互作用,與殖民者的手段是否有所差異。
筆者透過觀察臺北古城門不同的建築風格,以及蘊含其中三段政權介入空間手段的異同,試圖梳理臺北城裡細緻幽微的權力作用,以及其中建築肌理所深藏的國族血脈。
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圖像輔助呈現時機對台灣國中生聽力之影響 / The Effects of Pictures at Different Time Periods on the Listening Comprehension of Junior High School Students in Taiwan吳嘉容, Wu, Jia-rong Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討圖像輔助呈現時機對台灣國中生聽力的影響,而圖像輔助呈現時機則分為在聽力活動前與在聽力活動進行中。同時為了深入探究其效益,本研究更著重於其對高、中、低三個不同能力組別學生的影響。除此之外,並對於二份學生問卷的回答加以探討:
(1)問卷一有關學生們先前學習英語的背景資料。
(2)問卷一有關學生們在聽力過程中主要遭遇的問題,涵蓋聽力內容、聽者本身與外在因素等。
(3)問卷二有關學生們對圖像式聽力測驗的反應與他們對實施聽力測驗時,圖片展示時間的看法。
本研究以台中縣光正國中一個國三班級42位同學為對象,經過英語聽力能力測驗後,他們被分為高中低三組。實驗前,學生們先填寫第一份問卷。隨後,三組學生一起接受兩種實驗: (1)邊聽邊看圖片; (2)先展示圖片再聽。在完成所有實驗後,隨即填寫第二份問卷。本研究主要結果如下:
(1)大多數的受試者已學習英語3年以上,卻對自己的聽力缺乏信心。此現象乃肇因於學生們有限的練習時間。也因此,他們大多不贊成將來升高中大考有聽力測驗的項目。另外,眾多的學生表達了希望獲得老師在聽力方面指導的強烈需求。
(2)聽力能力愈差的學生,遇到更多的聽力問題,尤其在聽力內容與聽者本身方面問題為最。
(3)以整體學生的聽力表現而言,聽前呈現圖片對學生的幫助比邊聽邊呈現圖片的效果來的顯著。
(4)以各個組別學生的聽力表現而言,聽前呈現圖片最能彌補中低程度學生聽力的不足。
(5)超過半數以上的學生表達較喜愛圖像式的英語聽力測驗,尤其是圖像呈現在正式的聽力活動之前為最。
根據研究的結果,聽前呈現圖像輔助對不同程度的學生均有助益,尤其對中低程度者聽力理解的幫助更為顯著。因此,本論文呼籲,國中英語老師可在實施英語聽力測驗時,多善用圖像輔助以引發學生的學習動機並藉由聽前呈現圖片技巧來提昇學生們的英語聽力理解。 / The purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of pictures as cues supplied at different time periods, the picture before listening comprehension test (BLCT) and during listening comprehension test (DLCT). More specific, it is focused on the comparisons of the effects of BLCT and DLCT on the high, middle and low proficiency groups. Also probed are students’responses to two questionnaires on the following issues.
(1) The subjects’ previous English learning background as shown in Questionnaire One;
(2) The main listening problems the subjects encounter in the process of listening, including the oral text, the listener and external aspects;
(3) The subjects reactions to the listening comprehension with the picture format and their preference for the timing of picture-giving.
The subjects of this study are 42 students of nine-grade junior high school students in Kuang-cheng Junior High School in Taichung County. They are divided into three proficiency groups—the high proficiency group (HPG), the intermediate proficiency group (MPG) and the low proficiency group (LPG) according to the scores of the listening comprehension test in the subjects’ second mid-term examination. At the beginning of the overall experiment, they are demanded to finish Questionnaire One. After that, they are assigned to take two listening comprehension tests: a listening comprehension test with a picture before listening and during listening. After receiving the two treatments, the subjects are asked to complete Questionnaire Two to reveal their attitudes toward the listening comprehension tests with visual cues.
The major findings of the present study are summarized as follows:
(1) Although most of the subjects have learned English for more than three years, they do not establish much confidence in their own listening ability due to the limited time of practice in listening. Many of them do not support the idea of incorporating the listening comprehension test into the future high school entrance exam. However, they express their eagerness for obtaining the teacher’s guidance in listening.
(2) The worse the listeners achieve, the more listening difficulties they would come across, especially in the oral text and the listener himself/herself.
(3) BLCT is more effective than DLCT. This can be proved by the mean scores and standard deviation of BLCT and DLCT respectively.
(4) As the three different proficiency groups are taken into consideration, BLCT lends itself to the low proficiency groups (LPG) and the intermediate proficiency groups (MPG).
(5) Most of the subjects prefer the listening comprehension test with the picture format, particularly the visual cue before the listening activity.
Based on the results of the study, the picture before listening benefits all of the three proficiency groups, especially the lower achievers. The researcher suggests that English teachers in junior high school try to make good use of visual cues in constructing listening comprehension tests to arouse students’ motivation and thus improve students’ listening comprehension.
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以眼動資訊增進基於內容的圖像檢索效能 / Improving the Performance of Content Based Image Retrieval by Eye Tracking張京文, Jhang ,Jing Wun Unknown Date (has links)
在現今的基於內容的圖像檢索的研究中,會將人的主觀認知考慮進去。因為傳統的圖像檢索中採取低階特徵來找出圖片上可能的重要區域的方法和人的感覺還是有著相當大的語意上的鴻溝。然而藉由考慮人對圖片的主觀認知,可以讓人找到對它而言圖片上重要的部分,再去做圖像檢索,找出使用者想要的圖片。這樣的作法是比較自然且直觀的。還能達到個人化的效果,因為每個人對同一張圖片上覺得重要的物體可能不盡相同。在本論文中的圖像檢索系統採用眼動軌跡當作人的主觀認知來輔助檢索。因為在心理學的研究中有提到,人在看圖片的時候會有較多的凝視點落在他覺得重要的區域上。所以藉由這個理論,本論文利用使用者看圖片的眼動軌跡即時的調整圖片上物體的重要性。最後將重要性高的數個物體去做圖像檢索,找出含有這些對這個使用者是重要的物體的圖片。經由實驗證實,眼動軌跡輔助圖像檢索的確可以減少不重要的物體對圖像檢索的干擾,繼而可以提升圖像檢索系統的效能。 / Recently, researches in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) focuses on incorporation of knowledge about human perception in the systems’ design and implementation process. This enables the design of more natural and intuitive image retrieval techniques in order to overcome some of the challenges faced by modern CBIR system such as the difficulty to extract important regions of an image. By researches of psychology, user’s eye tracking reflects his interest. So, in my CBIR system, user’s eye movements were used online to adjust the importance for objects in query image. Thus in my system, only those images with important objects will be retrieved. One experiment was performed: record the eye movement of participants on query images. Then compare my approach with a classic CBIR system according to performance. The results reveal that higher retrieval performance of my image retrieval system because of decreasing the influence of not importance objects to image retrieval system.
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華德福教育神話教學蘊義之研究王士誠 Unknown Date (has links)
神話教學是華德福教育獨有的教學活動,其主張適時地接觸神話有助於兒童的發展。本研究即在人智學的理論基礎上,探討該教學活動,冀揭露其蘊義。具體地說,本研究探討以下問題:
1.人智學觀點下的神話為何?(what)
2.神話何以(why)有助兒童之發展?
3.神話如何(how)促進兒童之發展?
本研究採德國學者Danner的「教育詮釋學」為研究方法,首先闡明神話學中各重要學派的神話觀,與人智學人類圖像的「四體」,進而分析Rudolf Steiner的神話觀點及其教育意涵,以回應前列問題。準此,本研究提出四項結論:
1.Steiner的人智學視神話為作為小宇宙的人類與大宇宙之連結。
2.人類身心靈發展的精神意義可從神話中追溯。
3.接觸神話對人類身心靈的發展有直接的促進作用
4.神話使人再度連結於世界、重拾生命的精神意義,此為華德福教育所欲達致者。
最後,由對本研究的省思出發,提出後續研究的建議。 / Myth education is a perculiar educational activity by Waldorf Pedagogy. It suggests that accessing myths at the right time is helpful to the development of children. Base on the theory of Anthroposophy, this study explores this educational activity to expose its significance. To be specific, the study explores following questions:
1.What is the myth from the viewpoint of Anthroposophy?
2.Why is the myth helpful to the development of children?
3.How does the myth facilitate the development of children?
Taking the German Scholar Danner’s “Pedagogic Hermeneutic” as reschearch method, this study illuminates the viewpoints of myth of various important schools of mythology and the “four bodies” in the human picture of Anthroposophy at first. Futhermore, this study analizes Rudolf Steiner’s viewpoint of myth and its educational meaning to answer the questions listed above. Accordingly, four conclusions are put forward:
1.The myth is taken as the connection between human beings as a small cosmos and the big cosmos according to Steiner’s Anthroposophy.
2.The spiritual meaning of the development of the body, the spirit, and the soul of human being could be traced in the myth.
3.The myth could affect the development of the body, the spirit, and the soul of human directly .
4.The myth makes man reconnected to the world and regain the spiritual meaning of life. It is what Waldorf Pedagogy attempts to achieve.
Finally, according to the reflection on this study, the researcher makes some suggestions for follow-up researches.
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