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本篇論文旨在研究漢語附加問句的語法深層結構、各種語用功能，及語法分析和語用分析之間的交互作用。 我們認為漢語附加問句的語法深層結構應分為兩類，一種結構等同於簡單的是非問句或正反問句，另一種結構則是由兩個子句結合而成的複雜句。此分析正確地解釋漢語附加問句的某些句法行為。 在語用功能方面，我們認為漢語附加問句可以用來執行兩種主要功能：詢問(Question)及請求(Request)。請求又可分成請求確認(Request for Confirmation)及請求行動(Request for Action)兩種。 經由語法深層結構及語用功能之間的交互作用，因而衍生出漢語附加問句的外在行為表現。 / Tag questions have never been a hot issue among linguists studying questions in Mandarin Chinese. According to previous analyses, since tag questions are merely instances of A-not-A or yes-no questions with sentential subjects or topics, there is no need to recognize a separate category for Mandarin tag questions. In this thesis, it is shown that the underlying form and pragmatic functions of Mandarin tag questions are not so simple and should not be ignored in that way. Based on our syntactic analysis, the underlying structure of Mandarin tag questions is divided into two subparts, and each performs various syntactic behavior. One is the structure of simple A-not-A or yes-no questions with sentential subjects or topics and the other is the construction of coordination. The former can serve as the subject or direct object of a verb while the latter cannot. To interpret the complicated relationship between form and function of the Mandarin tag question, a pragmatic analysis is moreover proposed. Based on various illocutionary intents and speaker's psychological states, tag questions are divided into two major kinds to perform different illocutionary acts: 'Question' and 'Request' (including request for confirmation and for action). After relating our syntactic approach to pragmatic analysis, it is manifest that the interaction between underlying form and pragmatic functions results in the surface structure of Mandarin tag questions.

這是一篇深度報導，探討新世代文學讀者閱讀的趨勢與偏好。 根據許多報紙和雜誌的報導，新世代讀者閱讀習慣和語文能力逐漸低下，許多作家對這種現象亦表達憂心。閱讀的趨勢在改變，報紙副刊的角色在改變，文學的定義也在改變，幾十年前的文學閱讀景況和情懷在今日已不復見。 網際網路的出現改變了現代人的生活，尤其是新世代的年輕族群，他們使用網路的時間很長，他們上網閱讀、在MSN上聊天、使用部落格等。網路的出現，徹底地改變了閱讀與寫作的型態。 這篇報導訪問許多出版商、作家、讀者、學者等，希望藉由不同的觀點，呈現出新世代讀者閱讀的各個面向。 這篇論文分為兩個部分：第一部分是深度報導內文，主要分為四個章節；第二部分是附錄，包含研究動機、文獻回顧、研究方法、採訪名單、和參考文獻等。 / This is a feature story which explores the trend and bias of the literature reading of the new generation. According to lots of news from newspapers and magazines, the reading habits and literacy of the new generation is declining. Meanwhile, many authors are worried about this phenomenon. The trend of reading is changing, the role of newspaper supplement is changing, and the definition of literature is changing. The reading condition and mood couples of years ago are no longer the same. The Internet changes the life of modern people, especially the new generation, who spend much time on the Net, reading on-line, chatting on MSN, and using blogs. The appearance of the Internet thoroughly changes the type of reading and writing. This feature story, including many interviews with publishers, anthers, readers, and scholars, expects to present every aspect of reading of the new generation. This thesis has two parts: one is the feature story including four chapters; the other is the appendix, including the motivation, method, interview list, and reference.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12399号 / 論工博第4030号 / 新制||工||1477(附属図書館) / 27429 / UT51-2009-M905 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械物理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木村 健二, 教授 井手 亜里, 教授 河合 潤 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

在以个人主义为文化核心的西方发达国家，关于个体转成人这一生命历程的研究早在二十世纪中期就已兴起。但在以家庭和关系为主导文化的中国，关于个体转成人的研究却非常少见。另一方面，在全球范围内流动人口年轻化的趋势下，已经有一些研究开始关注流动人口的转成人生命历程。但在拥有大量新生代乡-城流动人口的中国，却鲜有研究关注这一群体所处的转成人生命历程。为了弥补这些空白，本研究将探索中国新生代乡-城流动人口的转成人及其成人身份认同。 / 作为质性研究，研究者通过目的抽样的方法获得19位来自深圳市的、具有不同人口学特征的访谈对象。通过对被访者外出、工作以及婚恋经历进行深入访谈与分析，本研究获得了非常重要的发现。首先，新生代乡-城流动人口的转成人呈现非阶段、非线性、漫长、漂泊以及高风险的特征。第二，这一群体的转成人既非个体被各样社会环境单方面影响和形塑的过程，也非具有统一的年龄界限和发展任务的发展阶段，而是能动的个体与社会环境不断互动的过程，体现出丰富的社会、文化与个体多样性。第三，在成人身份认同方面，这一群体并非单纯地将年龄的增长与社会角色的转变看作其转成人的重要标志，而是更看重自身所具备的应对城市生存挑战和满足农村家庭伦理要求的能力，呈现生存取向与伦理取向相结合的特点。 / 本研究一方面挑战了成年初显期这一普遍运用于西方个体转成人研究中的新兴概念，另一方面，也挑战了传统的生命发展阶段视角对个体成长过程的线性的、阶段化以及标准化的理解。更重要的，本研究为中国本土关于新生代乡-城流动人口的研究提出了新的、整合的研究视角，即整合的生命历程视角。最后，研究者提倡关于新生代乡-城流动人口的社会政策与服务的设计应该具有整合的生命历程的视角，因为个体在转成人过程中的每一个选择都会影响其整个生命历程的福祉。更具体的，研究者从家庭、教育、就业、草根劳工NGO、籍制度、与社会福利制度等方面提出关于促进其转成人过程顺利进行、提高其社会福利的政策建议。 / Research on individuals’ transition to adulthood has emerged from the mid-20th century in Western developed countries with individualism as the core of culture. However, in China with family and relationship as the dominated culture, research regarding individuals’ transition to adulthood is rare. On the other side, research about the transition to adulthood among young migrants has sprung up under the context of global mobility in which young migrants become the major drive. However, there is little research focusing on the very transition-to-adulthood life course among young-generation rural-urban migrants in China while this age group has gradually dominated the whole rural-urban migrants. This study is to fill these research gaps. / This research explored the transition-to-adulthood experience and adult identity among Chinese young-generation rural-urban migrants. As a qualitative research, the researcher obtained 19 participants in Shenzhen by purposive sampling. Through two rounds of face-to-face in-depth interview about their life experience in migration, work and intimate relationship, this research found that the transition-to-adulthood trajectory of the participants is neither linear nor progressive; it is rather prolonged, recursive, floating, and fused with instability, contingency and risks. / Second, this research indicated that the transition to adulthood among the participants is neither a one-way process in which the individuals were passively influenced by social environment, nor a normative life stage with unified age ranks and developmental tasks. Rather, it is an interactive process between individual agency and different social environment and a trajectory with social, cultural and individual diversities. / Third, with regard to the formation of adult identity, the participants did not consider the age and role transition as the main markers of becoming adults. On the contrary, they took high regard of the ability and responsibility in coping with survival environment in cities and fulfilling the ethic requirements and expectations from their families. In other words, their adult identity formation is both survival-oriented and ethic-oriented which was molded by their status as rural-urban migrants. / This research challenged the concept of emerging adulthood which has been widely used in transition to adulthood research in western society. This research also challenged the traditional life stage perspective which understood individual’s life development as linear and normalized stages. More important, this research introduced a brand-new and more integrated research perspective ─ integrated life course - to research on young-generation rural-urban migrants in China. / This research advocated that social polices targeting on the young-generation rural-urban migrants in China should be designed in integrated life course perspective because each life choice during transition to adulthood will influence the participants’ wellbeing. More specifically, the researcher proposed some key advice on policies and services in the areas of family, education and labor market, for supporting the participants’ transition to adulthood and enhancing their social welfare. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 趙瑞玲. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2016. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 326-361). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Zhao Ruiling.

電子產業近二十年來在台灣蓬勃的發展，不論是上游的IC 設計、晶圓廠、製造商，中游的半導體通路商，到下游的電子產品製造商，在全球都佔有一席之地。半導體通路商在整個電子產業的供應鏈中，可能不具備零組件生產或成品生產的能力，但確是在整個產業鏈中扮演著重要的角色。對原廠端有銷售、提供客戶資訊、安全庫存備置的價值；對客戶端而言，除了提供價格與供貨外，技術服務與市場訊息交流更是服務的重點。 隨著交易方式的改變，已從現金交易逐漸為信用交易時代，同時伴隨信用風險，故企業需花費更多催收作業時間及人力成本來進行帳務管理，甚至須擔負著帳款可能無法回收而衍生之呆帳風險，為避免影響企業營運資金的運用及週轉，故應收帳款管理成為企業營運中需特別管理的目標。 本研究以大聯大公司為對象之個案研究為主，透過針對個案公司產業概況分析，個案公司的介紹，並且與相關高階主管進行訪談之後，針對大聯大的應收帳款管理以及風險管理模式進行回顧與探討，提供業界了解信用徵信重要性及應收帳款有效管理，以降低在中國投資之經營風險。

論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院地理學部,1994. / 朱慶 = The role of urban planning in the development of Shenzhen / Zhu Qing. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究方向 --- p.5 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究方法 --- p.8 / Chapter 第四節 --- 文章結構 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻檢索 --- p.13 / Chapter 第´ؤ節 --- 關於深圳城市規劃的研究 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二節 --- 城市規劃：從“替罪羊´ح到“龍頭´ح --- p.18 / Chapter 第三節 --- 關於城市規劃作用的不同意見 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小结：文獻之不足 --- p.26 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究架構 --- p.29 / Chapter 第一節 --- 國外研究的借鑒 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究架構的建立 --- p.39 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小结：目標模式 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四章 --- 深圳發展模式及其對城市規劃的要求 --- p.52 / Chapter 第一節 --- 深圳經濟發展模式 --- p.52 / Chapter 第二節 --- 深圳城市建設模式 --- p.58 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小结：對城市規劃的要求 --- p.60 / Chapter 第五章 --- 深圳城市規劃及其影響因素 --- p.63 / Chapter 第一節 --- 歷次規劃文本的演變 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 規劃體制改革及規劃部門的運作 --- p.73 / Chapter 第三節 --- 城市規劃作用的影響因素 --- p.81 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.89 / Chapter 第六章 --- 深圳城市規劃的作用：一般分析 --- p.91 / Chapter 第一節 --- 總體規劃的作用 --- p.91 / Chapter 第二節 --- 詳細規劃發的作用 --- p.98 / Chapter 第三節 --- 分區規劃的作用 --- p.103 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結與討論 --- p.107 / Chapter 第七章 --- 深圳城市規劃的作用：個案研究 --- p.113 / Chapter 第一節 --- 羅湖舊城個案 --- p.113 / Chapter 第二節 --- 華僑城個案 --- p.127 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小结與討論 --- p.138 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結與討論 --- p.146 / 參考資料 --- p.152

With entertainment as its principle part, the cultural market began to develop in the early 1980s and became to be the first sign of cultural industries in Shenzhen. Some cultural enterprises developed in the background of the "Spiritual Civilization Construction" from the late 1980s to the early 1990s and printing, videos, cultural tourism, animation and cartoon started to grow up in Shenzhen. The government began to pay some attentions to cultural industries in the early 1990s and the scale of cultural industries in Shenzhen had grown up with the development of some important sectors. In the context of "Famous Modern Cultural City Construction" in the late 1990s, Shenzhen developed cultural industries further, cultural industries had produced economic benefits properly, the industrial structure had became pluralistic and the cultural industries developed intensively on a large scale, but faced many problems. Cultural industries in Shenzhen has met a new epoch since 2000 because of the implementation of the strategy of "Found the City on a Cultural Basis" and the orientation of cultural industries as the fourth economic support industry, not only both of its competitiveness and general strength and its economic contribution rate has enhanced a lot, but also cultural industries in Shenzhen leads mainland relatively. Some distinguishing features have been taken shape in printing, media, entertainment, cultural tourism, animation and cartoon, advertising, art and crafts, design, even though there are many problems and challenges in these fields. The development of cultural industries in Shenzhen could not do without the Hong Kong factor. Although the ideas of the development of cultural industries are different in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, they could cooperate closely. The "shop in the front and factory at the back" operation model had been and will still be the most practical cooperative model for two sides and printing, design, digital entertainment and cultural entertainment may be the most potential cooperative fields. In Conclusion, cultural industries in Shenzhen is moving from the fringes to the mainstream; cultural industries in Shenzhen had developed in a unique way; the general developmental level of cultural industries in Shenzhen still lags other industries; the development of cultural industries in Shenzhen has not been supported strongly by the whole society; the fundamental contradiction of cultural industries in Shenzhen is between cultural industries' economic attribution and ideological attribution and will continue to be the context of the development of cultural industries in Shenzhen; the government has controlled the upstream of the cultural industries chain, so the development of cultural industries in Shenzhen must take full advantage of the government resources; cultural industries in Shenzhen should focus on "industries" now; cultural industries in Shenzhen should take the Hong Kong factor seriously and make full use of it. / 王為理. / 呈交日期: 2005年8月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 244-268). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2005 nian 8 yue. / Adviser: Kwok Siu-tong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2711. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 244-268). / Wang Weili.

在中國大陸積極加入WTO 之際，其金融體制所要面對的不再只是其特殊經濟運行模式轉軌中所衍生的問題，還要面對來自西方衍生性金融商品、各種新興的金融管理制度等外來的衝擊，因此，面對如此競爭的金融環境，中國大陸有必要重新檢視其金融體制改革至今的成效及瓶頸，積極面對其中的難題並尋求解決之道。 本論文主要是以開發中國家為研究對象的金融深化理論為基礎，首先針對中國大陸的金融體制，包括金融體制改革的進程、金融組織結構及金融市場的組成要素做一敘述。其次認為目前中國大陸金融體制改革過程中所面臨的眾多問題，以國有商業銀行和國有企業間鉅額的不良債權債務問題最為嚴重，也最亟待解決。 根據國有商業銀行和國有企業間不良債權債務的四大成因：政策性因素、國有商業銀行自身因素、國有企業自身因素以及結構性因素的分析，提出政府、國有商業銀行與國有企業三者需齊心協力面對問題，結合自身利益及整體社會利益之考量，對不同資產負債結構、獲利能力、長期潛力的國有企業，採取個別相應之解決措施。 就政府部門而言，以規範其行為權力範圍為最重要，因為對國有商業銀行和國有企業過多的行政干預是不良債權債務的主因。所以，儘管問題之當事者為國有商業銀行和國有企業兩方，但規範政府行為是解決不良債權債務問題的基礎。其次，政府必須為國有商業銀行和國有企業提供合宜的外部環境，如相關法令的立法、加強對金融機構監管的力度、健全金融市場的結構等，加速國有商業銀行和國有企業改革的步伐。 就國有商業銀行而言，對內必須在政府相關法令的配合下加快商業化的步伐，建立現代市場之金融制度，並確實推動以內部監控機制和內部經營機制為主軸的內部改革；對外則採取直接面對國有企業的方式，以最低之交易成本和社會成本收回可能之貸放數額或以其他形式保證不良債權的可收回性。 就國有企業而言，必須以對社會大眾負責的態度積極處理其不斷惡化的信貸關係，著眼於企業之永續經營，朝現代企業制度邁進。

本《兜率天上師瑜珈法甚深導引》漢文譯註之藏文原典全名為《色派傳承兜率天上師瑜珈法甚深導引傳授之講記．速趣兜率淨土之道》。其研究目的在於探討藏傳佛教金剛乘「本尊瑜珈」教義理論與觀修實踐的內涵，透過金剛乘的起源發展、印藏之間的歷史傳承、教義內容的剖析及觀修導引等的研究，期能對藏傳佛教金剛乘之特色「本尊瑜珈」的修持法門，有一正確深層的認識。 本篇論文共計四章，第一章緒論說明研究動機、目的、方法、範圍。第二章藏傳佛教金剛乘，旨在陳述金剛乘起源於印度，弘揚於西藏的歷史傳承；論述金剛乘的意義及其基本教理、金剛乘與波羅蜜多乘異同之處及其特色「本尊瑜珈」；同時介紹本文相關的三位重要人物－－宗喀巴大師、杰謝饒僧格、帕繃喀大師。第三章《兜率天上師瑜珈法甚深導引》科判，乃是將藏文原典一氣呵成的內容，加以判別安立，彰顯其章節段落。第四章《兜率天上師瑜珈法甚深導引》漢文譯註，是本文的重心所在，首先說明此法之法源傳承、重要性、功德利益等；其次闡示詳解觀修內容:一、加行－－皈依、不共皈依發心、四無量心、殊勝發心。二、正行－－迎請資糧田、七支供養及曼達拉供、祈求加持。三、結行－－求賜成就、發願迴向。