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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

京都議定書之清潔發展機制研究

戴天麗, Tai, Tien-li Unknown Date (has links)
本文採文獻歸納方式,針對全球暖化問題,以國際公共財理論作為議題緣起,分析京都彈性機制—清潔發展機制之運作。全球暖化為一純粹國際公共財問題。而京都議定書要求各國履行排放減量之標的,可作為提供公共財依據。並以排放減量份額作為供給數量之評估。而CDM即為促進各國均能參與溫室氣體減量活動之機制,達成經濟永續發展之目標。 當就不對稱關係以賽局討論國際公共財之供給,邊際成本較低國家,應從事較多公共財貢獻行動;邊際成本較高的國家則發生搭便車行為。但卻與CDM文獻結論有所不同。CDM計畫中的開發中國家因不受約束,反而有搭便車行為。多數的減量行動仍由已開發國家在境內進行。故國際公共財賽局可否用於研究CDM之運作,仍有待評估。 有關CDM在模型理論上可利用動態規劃之最適模型,研究投資國與被投資國之行為。當排放權證交易為不完全競爭市場時,可以Stackelberg模型進行。若不僅以經濟分析,尚可加入生態研究作成整合模型。在CDM執行成效方面,必須審慎評估CDM計畫型式,並考量是否合乎額外性準則。而CERs之境內分配政策,則可能會因利益交換,導致勾結行為相繼發生。此外,排放基線與CERs具有密切關聯,基線設定遂成為CDM之核心議題。有效建立CDM法則,強化合作的透明度,對於減少交易成本將佔有關鍵性地位。又CERs以選擇權出售;CDM與IIA的衝突及CDM資訊不對稱問題,都可再作研究。 儘管台灣非京都議定書締約國,無法作為CDM之地主國。僅能間接參與投資。不過國內學者多已提出產業因應措施作為諮詢。並以TAIGEM-E模型推算排放基線,建立從事溫室氣體減量行動之數據。受限於台灣國際地位,CDM計畫成效可能難以進行實證分析。不過中國和日本有許多CDM計畫,可針對較具爭議性之議題作延伸討論,並研讀相關文獻作為參考。本文即為發掘核心議題,提供文獻彙整,協助擬研究清潔發展機制者作為參議。
2

清潔發展機制 (CDM) 對溫室氣體減量之影響 / The impact of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) on greenhouse gas emissions abatement

游懷萱, Yu, Huai Hsuan Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,全球氣候變遷問題已嚴重影響人類生活,而世界各國也逐漸意識到已開發國家和開發中國家必須共同合作以解決此問題。京都議定書中的清潔發展機制 (CDM) 即是讓已開發國家與開發中國家共同實踐減量目標的一種彈性減量機制,然而過去文獻對於其減排成效的看法並不一致。有鑒於此,本文以參與CDM計畫的20個開發中國家和16個已開發國家為研究對象,探討CDM計畫對其2003至2008年二氧化碳減量之影響。根據兩階段最小平方法之固定效果模型的實證結果顯示,CDM計畫能減少開發中國家的二氧化碳排放量,但經認證的排放減量額度 (CERs) 有被過量核發之現象;另一方面,CDM計畫對已開發國家的減排效果則無影響。 / In recent years, global climate change problem has affected humans’ life badly. Therefore, it is gradually realized that the developed countries and developing countries have to cooperate to solve the problem. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexibility mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol, and it allows the developed countries, in cooperation with developing countries, to fulfill the emission-reduction targets. However, the emissions abatement effects of CDM in the literatures are diverse. Accordingly, this paper uses 20 developed countries and 16 developing countries as an empirical case to examine the impact of CDM on carbon dioxide emissions abatement from 2003 to 2008. According to fixed effects two-stage least squares, CDM projects reduced the carbon dioxide emissions of developing countries, but the certified emissions reductions (CERs) were excessively issued. On the other hand, CDM projects didn’t have an impact of emissions abatement on developed countries.
3

清潔發展機制之國際政治經濟學分析:以歐盟與中國為例 / An international political economy analysis of the clean development mechanism: A comparative study of the EU and China

陳俊仰, Chen, Chun Yang Unknown Date (has links)
清潔發展機制作為京都議定書中的一種彈性機制,普遍被認為將為溫室氣體排放減量所引起的「環境保護─經濟發展」與「北─南」衝突帶來雙贏的結果。支持者認為,其為附件一締約方提供達成溫室氣體減排經濟成本較低的方法,也同時為非附件一締約方引進資金與技術。然而,本研究運用國際政治經濟學的分析,提出因為各自要素禀賦的不同,清潔發展機制實行後的利弊損益將不會公平的分配於清潔發展機制項目的投資方與東道方間,因而導致某些負面的效果:其將阻礙投資方境內減排措施的推動,與導致東道方在技術上的依賴。而透過對投資方與東道方內部排放權提供者與技術研發者間互動的分析,再輔以中國與EU-15的實證資料,可以證實本研究的假設並較為清楚地說明其背後之原因。最後,本研究將討論中國政府與EU-15各自如何以政治力介入市場機制的運作,以試圖處理這樣市場機制運作所導致的弊病。 / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a Kyoto flexible mechanism was believed to provide a win-win solution to the conflicts, which result from cutting down greenhouse gas emissions, between wheather ecology & economy or North & South. The proponents believe the implementation of CDM is cost-efficient for the Annex I Parties to achieve their Kyoto commitments and can also introduce capital & technology into the non-Annex I Parties. However, by international political economic analysis, the difference in factors endowments between CDM invest parties and host parties will result in unequal distribution of gains & pays between them. This causes some negative effects: CDM will deter the implementation of domestic emissions reduction in the invest parties, and it will also make technological dependence in the host parties. Through analyzing the interactions between emission allowance providers & technology innovators in the invest & host parties and with empirical data from China & EU-15, the assumptions of this study is proved and the causation is clarified. At last, the governmental interventions, which are trying to modify the negative effects result from the operation of market mechanism, by China and EU-15 are brought into discuss perspectively.

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