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獨樂樂? 眾樂樂? 從網路拍賣探討網路時代的新消費體驗楊心怡 Unknown Date (has links)
網路購物是近幾年來新興的消費方式,它的快速、能動性、去地方╱地域性、無時間限制,讓購物活動變得輕鬆、便利。但也有另一派學者認為,當人人宣稱自己因為網路購物而能輕鬆、方便地找到想要的商品時,似乎也使得「shopping」變成一件平淡、毫無成就感可言、欠缺人味的活動,它不再是與工作分開的某一特殊事件,而是任何時候、隨時都可以發生的事。因此筆者試圖從另一角度出發,跳脫其「經濟」層面,提出「網路購物帶給我們什麼新的消費體驗?」這樣的疑問。
筆者認為,若將其詮釋為一種新的消費現象,甚至是創造出一種新消費文化,或許可更為深入地探究消費者在其中可能獲得的新的消費體驗與其意義。而從過往的研究可發現,消費者的「消費體驗」與「消費空間」有極密切的關係,因此本論文將從消費空間出發,意圖定義網路購物所形塑出的一種新式消費空間,藉此探討其可能帶來的新消費體驗。筆者從1822年在巴黎新興的一種消費空間──拱廊街談起,再到百貨公司、購物中心這類新式消費空間之間的轉變,從「漫遊者」的社會角色切入,試圖勾勒出不同消費空間所賦予消費漫遊者與商品及與人群間的不同關係的轉變脈絡,並與網路科技特性結合討論,以「消費者VS.商品」與「消費者VS.人群」兩個主軸,透過對網路消費者的深度訪談,探討現今網路消費空間中消費者所獲得的新消費體驗。
本研究發現,在新興網路消費空間中,商品照片改變了消費者與商品的關係,雖然網路消費漫遊者與傳統漫遊者一般,與商品的關係仍舊保持既涉入且抽離,但兩者的模式並不相同:網路消費漫遊者一方面因為照片裡的商品是由模特兒所穿戴,感覺與商品的距離較親近,較容易想像,但另一方面也因必須考慮再現物與真實的差距,讓網路消費漫遊者不只是對璀璨的商品展示感到目眩神迷,反而得以從成堆的商品符號中抽身,保持一些距離,做出理性的判斷。
不僅如此,網路既連結又隔離的特性,讓這群網路消費漫遊者得以快速地找到歸屬的部落,並在安心的居家空間中積極地社交、與人互動,卻也讓她們得以更快速地保持距離、回歸自我,尋找下一個離散的部落。這便是網路空間所提供的私人性與社交性的微妙比例,因而發展出新的網路購物體驗:網路消費漫遊者仍舊與人群保持既涉入又抽離的「陌生人」距離,唯一不同的是,她們的涉入包含了一些分享的成分。
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敘述流動:三位英國女作家筆下的漫遊者與城市 / Narrating the mobile: The writings of Amy Levy, Dorothy Richardson, and Virginia Woolf王瀚陞, Wang, Han Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文主要探討1880至1930年代英國女性作家所再現的性別化空間。女性逐漸在十九世紀末倫敦的公共空間嶄露頭角,扮演各種不同的重要角色,舉凡上班族、消費者、俱樂部會員、電影迷、行善者及觀光客等都是當時女性公共形象的最佳例證。然而這些跨越公/私領域界限的女性漫遊者迄今都未獲得學界足夠的重視。女性漫遊者在世紀末文學研究中長期遭受忽視主要肇因於早期學者對於十九世紀男主外、女主內的公/私領域劃分大致認同,未能加以批判。透過檢視艾蜜‧列薇 (Amy Levy)、桃樂斯‧理察森 (Dorothy Richardson) 以及維吉尼亞‧吳爾夫 (Virginia Woolf) 等三位女作家的跨文類書寫,本篇論文指出世紀末的中產階級女性已逐漸掙脫傳統私領域以及家庭意識形態的束縛,開始在城市空間行走與觀看。在十九世紀末許多新興的大城市例如倫敦,如此的女性公共行走則又更加顯著並且和日益蓬勃發展的商品文化、大眾消費/享樂以及公共空間皆有極密切的關聯。流動 (mobility) 與觀察 (spectatorship) 因此成為中產階級女性在城市空間行走與觀看時的重要經驗,前者來自於女性在日益開放的公共領域遂行的空間探索,後者則是來自女性觀察者對於城市景觀例如商品展示、來往的人潮以及繁忙的街景所做的視覺凝視。經由書寫世紀末的女性城市漫遊,上述三位女作家明確地指出這些表面看似被動的中產階級女性其實早已跨越傳統空間限制,不斷挪用與創造新的城市公共空間。 / This study has examined the numerous roles played by women entering the public spaces of London in the half century from the 1880s to the 1930s as workers, shoppers, diners, clubbers, cinema-goers, philanthropists, and tourists, a wide spectrum of active female social actors that until recently have not attracted enough attention from scholars of late-Victorian and Edwardian literature. The neglect of these newly pubic women in the fin de siècle period, who are distinct from their home-bound Victorian predecessors, is largely ascribed to an uncritical acceptance of or surrender to the long-held, dominant assumption of separate spheres in the nineteenth century. Through examining the writings of Amy Levy, Dorothy Richardson, and Virginia Woolf, who portray the multifarious pictures of women rambling the streets of modern London, this study has demonstrated that female public visibility and mobility have at least since the fin de siècle period been commonly practiced by a conglomerate of middle-class women. Mobility and spectatorship are thus two significant tropes applicable to women’s spatial and visual explorations of the fin de siècle city, the former underscoring their meandering footsteps threading through the increasingly egalitarian public space while the latter their roving eyes casting glances at those enticing urban spectacles which are already a phantasmagoria of commodity display, jostling crowd, and bustling streetscapes. Through writing about fin de siècle female streetwalking, the three women writers have demonstrated that those seemingly passive women of the middle-class may indeed be capable, through their public presence and their incessant footsteps, of pushing at the established boundaries.
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考慮網站結構之使用者網站漫遊行為的研究 / Efficient Mining of Web Traversal Walks with Site Topology李華富, Lee, Hua-Fu Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球資訊網的發展,網站吸引了大量的使用者.分析網站中大部分使用者共同的網站瀏覽行為,不但有助於網站結構的設計與更新,也可以對具有相同瀏覽行為的使用者,做有效的個人化服務。
目前有關使用者網站瀏覽行為的研究,所探勘出來的結果多為路徑瀏覽式樣或是網頁循序式樣。因此,我們提出一種新的網站瀏覽式樣:網站漫游,並且提出了兩個演算法AM與PM,來探勘出頻繁使用者網站漫遊行為式樣。
演算法AM是針對要處理的資料量非常龐大,而無法將全部資料存放入主記憶體中的情形所設計的。AM是利用演算法Apriori的精神,來探勘出頻繁使用者網站漫游行為。而演算法PM是針對資料經過轉換後可存放入主記憶體的情形而設計的。PM主要是利用在主記憶體中建立一個樹狀結構,以進一步來壓縮原有資料庫內的大量資料,並利用這個樹狀資料結構來逐步探勘出所有的使用者頻繁網站漫游。在實驗的假設條件下,演算法AM與PM皆展現了線性的執行效率與延展性。 / With progressive expansion in the size and complexity of web site on the World Wide Web, much research has been done on the discovery of useful and interesting Web traversal patterns.
Most existing approaches focus on mining of path traversal patterns or sequential patterns. In this paper, we present a new pattern, Web traversal walks, for mining of Web traversal pattern. A Web traversal walk is the complete trail of a user traversal behavior in a single Web site. Web traversal walk mining is more helpful to understand and predict the behavior of the Web site access patterns.
Two efficient algorithms (i.e., AM and PM) are proposed to discover the Web traversal walks. The algorithm PM is used when the size of database is fit in main memory while AM is not. AM is developed based on the Apriori property to discover all the frequent Web traversal walks from Web logs. In the algorithm PM, a tree structure is constructed in memory from Web logs and the frequent Web traversal walks are generated from the tree structure. Experimental results show that the proposed methods perform well in efficiency and scalability.
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日常生活的科技社交角色—— 以Facebook打卡為核心的媒體實踐為例 / Technologies’ Social Roles in Everyday Life: A Case Study on Media Practice through Facebook’s Check-ins石婉婷, Shih, Wan Ting Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要討論在日常生活中,以智慧型手機和社群網站Facebook打卡為主的媒體實踐所扮演的社交角色以及實踐者的空間經驗感受,試圖描繪科技帶來社交網絡的連結,並且透過現代科技漫遊者的實踐,混淆日常性和觀光凝視的界線。從媒體實踐取徑,觀察生活中各種實踐行動,試圖勾勒媒體實踐如何定錨社交關係,以及人為主體的媒介消費複雜性。
研究以民族誌法為研究方法,結合線上觀察、線下田野、深度訪談,研究三個身處不同社交圈位置的個案;研究者以參與觀察的方式進入研究對象的生活、工作、休閒場域,期以從實踐者的生活方式,理解日常生活中細瑣行動的動態關係。
研究發現,作為新科技的Facebook打卡和智慧型手機,身處社交圈不同位置的實踐者在近用之後能發展機會,包括鞏固意見領袖地位、晉升為領導者、創造與他人的連結;而Facebook的標籤功能、打卡時機的調整、省略打卡位置等實踐,成為實踐者挪用以建立社交關係。
實踐者是為現代的科技漫遊者,在漫遊城市時透過打卡找到新空間經驗感受,這些經驗包括:(1) 日常生活與觀光凝視的界線流動,實踐者凝視平凡的日常找到非比尋常,將之轉化為打卡題材;(2) 打卡實踐是實踐者既地方性又全球性的文本生產,讓地標賦予了既真實又虛擬的混合空間意涵,實踐者於其中觀展表演而自我揭露;(3) 打卡鞏固了觀光凝視的空間經驗,實踐者的空間感受並非固定,而可能既溫暖有情感又陳悶的儀式,打卡實踐添增了生活中面對鏡頭的觀光客姿態。實踐者面對科技物質特性、社會關係、監視構成的結構性限制,能找到方式因應,但其能施展的自由與機會也有局限性。 / The aim of the research investigates Facebook’s check-ins as a media practice that plays a crucial social role in everyday life. While walking in the city nowadays, a practitioner can convey his/her feelings, uploading stories and photos to social network websites through mobile technologies. A practitioner’s gaze upon spectacle of the city brings him/her complicated media experience in the media-drenched world, which turns a practitioner into a tourist and a flâneur. The study explores practitioners’ media consumption in everyday life.
My empirical study focuses on three cases, who are heavy users of smart phones and in favor of check-ins on Facebook. The three cases situate in different social status and develope different social relationships through Facebook. By choosing ethnography as my method, I am a participant-as-observer who immerse in on-line and off-line field work.
My findings indicate that smart phones and check-ins on Facebook provide opportunities and resources for practitioners. A keen adopter of technologies becomes an opinion leader, and her practice of check-ins brings her a fashionable image. The person who owns ordinary fellowship becomes an opinion leader in his peer group by acquiring technology skills. The practitioners use tagging and adjust the timing of check-ins to create social connection with friends.
A practitioner, who is also a tourist and a flâneur, finds new feelings through mobile technologies when walking in the city. (1) The boundary between everyday life and tourism is not fixed, but weaves in a flow instead. (2) Geo-tagging symbolizes a hybrid space, in which contains virtual and physical information. (3) The practices of check-ins embody the tourist gaze. The sense of place is a flow, and practitioners may find warm or chill places through different media practices. However, the tension of interaction between people and technologies brings several unexpected troubles. The practitioner combats these problems by using tactics with agency, while he/she faces the power of structure which limits agency at the same time.
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