TFT-LCD產業發展的過程中，除了企業主本身的努力之外,政府適當的輔導與協助也是一個重要的助力，這也是政府提出的「六年國家總體建設計畫」即把「兩兆雙星」列為重要政策推動重點。而在推動研發活動，實證結果顯示，屬於高技術之產業，由於面臨日本、韓國強烈的國際競爭壓力下，政府在扮演輔導角色的同時，必須將對象擴及上游零組件廠商的產業，對向上垂直整合，降低關鍵零組件成本、交易成本，穩定關鍵零組件之供給，將有所助益。 本研究以TFT-LCD產業為樣本，採普通最小平方法，進行迴歸分析，探討決定TFT-LCD產業研究發展支出的因素。實證結果摘要如下： 一、企業營業收入淨額與研發支出有顯著正向之關係。 二、營業毛利率與研發支出呈現負向且顯著之關係，與預期的結果不一致。雖獲利是企業取得自有資金的主要方式之一，研究發展支出通常都會由企業內部自有資金來支應，故企業獲利能力愈好，研發支出愈有正面的幫助。惟因TFT-LCD產業為高技術新興之產業，不論面板或其上游零組件廠商，皆為新成立。初期營收額不大，且初期研發費用亦較高，致發生毛利率為負數現象，營業毛利率與研發支出呈現負向且顯著之關係。 三、外銷比例與研發支出呈現顯著正向的關係，為TFT-LCD產業面臨日本、韓國強烈的國際競爭壓力，會透過投入研發活動，研發新產品及新製程，以達到增加市場佔有率、降低生產成本及提高生產效率等目標，因此研發支出會較高。 四、企業成立時間長短與與研發支出有顯著負向之關係。乃此產業為了要在市場上佔一席之地，愈會透過研發活動的投入，以提高技術能力及開發新產品。 五、上游產業與其研發支出有顯著正向之關係。意謂著向上垂直整合關鍵零組件之重要性，亦能穩定關鍵零組件之供給

本研究透過代理理論並考量內生性因素來探討高階主管薪酬結構與企業研發支出間之關聯性。實證結果指出權益型薪酬與股票紅利佔個人總薪酬之比率均對研發支出有正向影響，此顯示出高階主管為增加股票紅利的價值，故會重視研發支出所帶來的效益，也較不會有刪減研發費用等短視行為。在股票紅利方面，當經理人持股比率越高時，其利益會和股東越趨於一致，故企業可以不用透過股份基礎報酬來減少經理人的短視行為，此論點支持利益收斂假說，因此企業應該重視經理人薪酬制度，進而設計出一套合理的薪酬制度來增加高階主管之工作誘因，並增進經理人與股東間共同的利益目標，用以減少代理問題與監督成本。 最後，本研究亦探討在2008年實施員工分紅費用化後，台灣企業是否會因應員工分紅費用化，而改變高階主管薪酬之結構。經由實證結果可知在員工分紅費用化之後，企業會因認列較多的薪資費用而降低盈餘，致使股價下跌且亦讓每股盈餘大幅稀釋，故會減少公司股份的價值，因而發放給高階主管較少之員工認股權、股票紅利與權益型之股份基礎的報酬，轉而給予較多現金基礎的報酬。 / This paper examines the interaction between corporate executive compensation structure and R&D investment decisions during year 2005 to 2008. Considering the endogenesis between compensation and R&D expenditure, that I use two–stage limited method. The empirical results indicate that the percentage of equity-based compensation and stock bonuses to total executive compensation exhibits positive influences on R&D investments, which support the hypotheses that the executives are rewarded based on changes in the stock price to induce a long-term focus on R&D investments. Besides, in respect of the percentage of stock bonuses, the result demonstrates that managerial ownership helps to align manager’s interest with the interest with of stockholder; therefore, corporations decrease the use of equity-based compensation to curb the myopic investment behavior, which supports the convergence of interest hypothesis. This suggests that corporations should design their executive compensation policy appropriately to motivate managers, and improve the alignments between managements and stockholders. Finally, the empirical results also show that after the mandating expensing of employee bonus expense in 2008, corporations recognize that equity-based compensation reduces earnings and dilutes shares price and earnings per share; thus, corporations use more cash-based compensation than equity-based compensation, such as stock option and stock bonus.

本文的研究意旨在於探討企業所投入的研究發展支出及資本支出對經營績效及股價報酬產生何種影響，希望能提供給企業經營者在決定研發政策或資本支出決策時參考。 本論文以國內上市櫃公司（除金融服務業外）作為研究樣本，並以2001年至2011年間為實證期間，進行迴歸模型分析，探討研發支出、資本支出等重大支出對於公司經營績效及股價報酬所產生的效果，並探討國內電子次產業如半導體產業、光電產業、電腦周邊產業及電子零組件產業在研發與資本支出對經營績效與股價報酬的影響差異度；本論文在公司經營績效及市場價值的衡量指標，係以公司之資產報酬率、股東權益報酬率、營業毛利率、營業淨利率、營收成長率及公司Tobin’s Q值與股價報酬等作為衡量指標。 實證結果發現： 一、 就全體產業而言，研究發展支出對於企業之營業毛利率、營業淨利率及Tobin’s Q值有顯著正相關，但對於企業之營收成長率、資產報酬率、股東權益報酬率以及公司股價報酬率等項目並未出現顯著相關性；資本支出對企業之資產報酬率及股東權益報酬率則出現顯著負相關，同時資本支出對企業Tobin’s Q值及股價報酬率出現顯著負相關，但對於企業之營收成長率、營業毛利率、營業淨利率等未出現顯著相關性。 二、 針對電子次產業實證結果： 1. 針對半導體產業實證發現，研究發展支出對於公司資產報酬率出現顯著正相關，資本支出對於公司Tobin’s Q值及股價報酬率則呈現顯著負相關。 2. 針對光電產業的實證發現，研究發展支出對於企業經營績效指標包括公司營收成長率、營業毛利率、營業淨利率、資產報酬率及股東權益報酬率等，全數呈現顯著正相關；而資本支出對於公司Tobin’s Q值或股價報酬率呈現顯著正相關，但對於營業毛利率、營業淨利率、資產報酬率及股東權益報酬率等則呈現顯著負相關。 3. 針對電腦週邊產業的實證發現，研究發展支出對於公司營收成長率、營業淨利率、資產報酬率、股東權益報酬率及公司Tobin’s Q值等皆呈現顯著正相關；而資本支出則對於公司營收成長率出現顯著正相關。 4. 針對零組件產業的實證發現，研究發展支出對於公司營收成長率、營業毛利率、營業淨利率、資產報酬率、股東權益報酬率、公司Tobin’s Q值及股價報酬率等全數呈現顯著正相關；而資本支出對於公司營業毛利率、資產報酬率及股東權益報酬率等出現顯著負相關。 / This research mainly examines the related effect of R&D expenditure and capital investment on corporate performance and company’s stock price. The results of this study are trying to offer reference opinions to corporate executive officers that will make R&D or capital investment decisions. In this study, the database includes the listed companies in Taiwan Stock exchange except the finance industry from 2001 to 2011. We adopt R&D expenditure and capital investment as the independent variables of evaluating of corporate performance and company’s stock price, and also choose the growth rate of sales, the operating margin ratio, the net profit margin ratio, the return on total assets, the return on equity, Tobin's Q Ratio and company’s stock price as the dependent variables. The results of this investigation could be summarized as follows: 1. For all targeted industries, R&D expenditure had positive, significant influence on the operating margin ratio, the net profit margin ratio and Tobin's Q Ratio. Capital investment had negative, significant influence on the return on total assets, the return on equity, Tobin's Q Ratio and company’s stock price. 2. For Semiconductor industry, R&D expenditure had positive, significant influence on the return on total assets. Capital investment had negative, significant influence on Tobin's Q Ratio and company’s stock price. 3. For Optoelectronics industry, R&D expenditure had positive, significant influence on growth rate of sales, the operating margin ratio, the net profit margin ratio, the return on total assets, the return on equity. Capital investment had positive, significant influence on Tobin's Q Ratio and company’s stock price. 4. For Computer peripheral industry, R&D expenditure had positive, significant influence on growth rate of sales, the operating margin ratio, the net profit margin ratio, the return on total assets, the return on equity, and Tobin's Q Ratio. Capital investment had positive, significant influence on the growth rate of sales. 5. For Electronic components/material industry, R&D expenditure had positive, significant influence on growth rate of sales, the operating margin ratio, the net profit margin ratio, the return on total assets, the return on equity, Tobin's Q Ratio and company’s stock price. Capital investment had negative, significant influence on the operating margin ratio, the return on total assets and the return on equity.